Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Philippe.
An oophorectomy specimen in a patient aged 36 showed a dermoid cyst with a struma ovarii and what was considered to be a folliculo-trabecular adenoma. Two osseous metastases appeared 4 and 8 years later respectively. The follow-up so far is 15 years. This is the twentieth reported case of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary containing metastating thyroid carcinoma.
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Endometrial carcinoma is significantly linked to the excess of exogenous and endogenous estrogens, non-tempered by progesterone. It is the second cancer in women after breast cancer. It is still detected with difficulty at the pre-invasive stage. Evaluation of its histological grade during the diagnosis (aspiration, curettage) influences the treatment. Grade I (80 p. cent of the cases) includes common carcinomas and their mucinous variants, with malpighian metaplasia, cytologically benign. Grade II concerns poorly differentiated carcinomas. Grade III concerns adeno squamous, anaplastic, seropapillar and clear cells carcinomas. The invasive stage, established on the operative specimen, represent the main prognostic factor. The risks of recurrence or metastases are practically non-existent when the carcinoma is localized to the endometrium, very low if the carcinoma invades a few mm of the myometrium, moderate if the medial half is involved, much higher if the invasion exceeds half of the thickness of the myometrium and/or involves the cervix.
The frequency and severity of endometrial cancer justify the effort of a screening. The screening methods most used currently are based on the microscopical study of the cellular material taken from the uterine cavity. More recently a non-invasive method, the progestative test, has been offered. The results of the screening and the problems raised by the various techniques are discussed.
The two large mature sacro-coccygeal teratomas reported seem to be responsible for the death of fetuses in the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy. A review of the literature shows that teratomas are exceptionally rare during this period. Their outcome depends upon the degree of maturity of the tumor, its size, whether its location is pelvic or not, the presence of any associated malformations and upon prematurity.
Subpopulations of primary sensory neurons in mammalian dorsal root ganglion (DRG) exhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. To identify these subpopulations in DRG cells of mouse and chicken, the reliability of the cytochemical localization of the enzyme requires that several conditions be fulfilled: Preservation of the enzyme activity in glutaraldehyde-containing fixative; accessibility of the cytoenzymatic reaction throughout 20-micron thick Vibratome sections; retention of the reaction product in situ during OsO4 post-fixation; specificity of the cytoenzymatic reaction for CA activity as corroborated by the immunocytochemical detection with antibodies anti-CA II in mouse DRG; strict correlation between the CA activity and the cytological characteristics in a given subclass of neurons. On the basis of these criteria, it is concluded that the CA activity may be used as a cell marker to identify cytologically defined neuronal subpopulations and their axons in mouse DRG. In chicken DRG, CA activity is not consistently expressed in a given subclass of ganglion cells and their axons. Hence, it is assumed that the expression of CA activity by DRG cells in chicken is modulated by functional or environmental conditions.
Immunostaining of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was performed in chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during development. The MAG-immunoreactive material appeared first around 7 days of incubation in immature neurons of DRG. Immunoprecipitates first confined to one pole of nucleus were gradually redistributed in the perinuclear Golgi apparatus of small DRG cells. Thus MAG may be used in the chick embryo as an early marker of primary sensory neurons of class B.
Three cases of central giant cell reparative granulomas of the mandible are reported. The first shows classic manifestations. The second illustrates the role of traumatism in the genesis of these lesions. The third highlights the effect of pregnancy in their growth. The bilateral character of the lesions in this last patient led us to evoke the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and cherubism. They were ultimately discarded. A diagnostic approach is proposed which takes into account the location of the lesion and the medical history of the patient. Both experimental data concerning the potential of the cells found in the ramus of the mandible in laboratory animals and notions which apply to the periodontal bone remodelling enable one to better understand and differentiate between the central giant cell reparative granuloma and the genuine cell tumor of the mandible.
Biochemical and immunocytochemical investigations have shown that myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is exclusively related to myelin and myelin-forming cells in mammals. In the present study it was found that dorsal root ganglia in young chickens display MAG-immunoreactive material in most small sensory neurons. The presence of MAG at the surface of small sensory neurons raises the question of whether this glycoprotein acts as a cell adhesion molecule in lower vertebrates.
The mechanism instigating triploidy is linked to placental aspects. When 2 of 3 gametes are paternal in origin, molar pregnancy results, while if 2 of 3 gametes are of maternal origin the placenta is normal (15% of cases). Hydatidiform mole and chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole are indistinguishable one from the other in terms of clinical appearance, histology and course of disease, and are always benign. Their karyotype is 46,XX (except for 3% which are 46,XY) completely paternal in origin and usually homozygotes. Trophoblastic carcinoma however is aneuploid and heterozygotic which emphasizes its allograft nature i.e. with no apparent relationship to hydatidiform mole.
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Chorionic villus biopsies made during the first trimester of pregnancy offer the advantage of earlier antenatal diagnoses than usual methods. This technic was introduced about 15 years ago but recently improved thanks to innovations in equipment and the contribution of echography. 75 biopsies were made using aspiration technic by echographic-guided catheter. These biopsies were carried out before elective abortion, 18 in an ambulatory setting one to three weeks before the abortion in order to test the social acceptability and tolerance of this method, as well as the inherent risks involved. The biopsy technic is described as well as preliminary results of chromosomic analyses of biopsied chorionic tissues. Drawing from a perspicacious review of the literature, the respective advantages of various biopsy technics and their uses (i.e. sex determination and chromosome analyses by culture and especially direct methods, study of fetal DNA, and enzyme assay) are examined. Finally, the risks of biopsy technic in the immediate and near future are discussed, and the indications today for this new technic are described.
Malarial placenta is characterized by the presence of parasites in maternal erythroblasts, by an excess of intervillous macrophages and by an excess of perivillous fibrin deposits stained with malaric pigment. The high frequency of prematures, hypotrophic neonates and still-births in the malarial population is explained by the intervillous macrophages, which decrease the maternal blood output and the perivillous excess of fibrin which reduces the materno-fetal exchanges.
25.8% of the 500 fetuses that died in utero after the 20th week of amenorrhoea died between the 28th and 32nd week, which is the 8th lunar month of the pregnancy. Among the factors that could have brought about this result at that time of pregnancy that we examined it was shown that there were important changes in the circulation, the metabolism and the immune system in the mother. In the fetus, autonomic functions started to appear and these were especially liver, hypothalamo-pituitary, and adrenal cortex functions. The placenta itself underwent changes in its quality which were necessary to compensate for fetal growth retardation. Every change that occurred in the placenta, such as immaturity, inflammation and blood flow changes, were shown to be remarkably frequent between the 28th and 32nd week and were contributory to causing fetal death. So it appears that the 8th lunar month is a very important time for the successful development of the fetus and requires more attention if morbidity and perinatal mortality are to be lowered.
Three Kaposi's sarcoma biopsy specimens obtained from three African patients with typical nodular cutaneous tumors were investigated morphologically for cellular modifications suggestive of a viral origin. In one case a Kaposi's sarcoma cell of the endothelial type contained a few intranuclear herpes-type viral inclusions. The present findings complement previous reports of herpes-type viral particles in Kaposi's sarcoma cultured cell lines and suggest that, at least under certain conditions, Kaposi's sarcoma cells enter a virus-producing phase.
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