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Biomedical subjects

E Philippe

Publications and source records attributed to E Philippe.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The placenta of premature and hypotrophic Gabonese infants].

494 placentae coming from two different geographical parts of Gabon were studied. They were grouped into control, premature, small-for-dates and stillborn. The urban population gives rise to most mothers of about 26 years of age, who deliver normally at 38 weeks of babies weighing 3,300 g and 50 cm long, with placentae weighing 550 g, as well as premature babies and those in which there is white cell infiltration of the membranes, signs of toxaemia and normal placentae. On the eastern plateaux of Gabon there are more mothers around the age of 23, who deliver normally at 37 weeks of pregnancy of babies weighing 3,100 g and 48 cm long, with placentae weighing 450 g, with small-for-dates babies and inflammation of the placenta. Malaria is the cause of many premature deliveries and of small-for-dates and stillborn, especially in the plateaux.

Female↗
PubMed1984

[Fetal hypotrophy. Statistical analysis of placental changes].

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between placental characteristics and the degree of failure of growth between 37 and 41 weeks of pregnancy. The cases of severe small-for-dates (percentiles of 1 to 5) and moderate small-for-dates (percentiles of 6 to 10) were compared with a control series (percentiles of 11 to 90) with an equivalent gestational age. In both groups of small-for-dates babies one could find that the chorionic arteries and their trunks were of a lower diameter than those of the villi that were small and that there were sub- chorial deposits of fibrin in both groups. The greater number of placental abnormalities were found in those babies who were severely small-for-dates at a gestational age of between 37 and 39 weeks. The relationship between acute fetal distress and small for dates was analysed. There was little difference in the likelihood of fetal distress between the two groups of small-for-dates babies, but there were differences between both groups and the control group.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Labelling of an intermediate saccule of the Golgi apparatus and of parts of the endoplasmic reticulum by a lectin (soybean agglutinin) in the chick ciliary ganglion.

A lectin (soybean agglutinin or SBA) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase was used to identify the intracellular membranes containing galactose or alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine in young chick ciliary ganglions. The label is found on one or, less frequently, on two saccules of the Golgi apparatus in the ciliary and choroid neurones. The labelled intermediate saccules are always located either near the cisface or the middle region of the Golgi apparatus. This observation confirms that distinct compartments are present in the Golgi apparatus. Labelling is also frequently observed at the end of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in the neurones. It is also sometimes observed in a few vesicles. The lectin-peroxidase labelling, however, was never observed in Schwann cell Golgi apparatus or in their rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1983

[The placenta in trisomy in the last trimester of pregnancy].

18 cases of trisomies 13, 18, or 21 were diagnosed either by examining the caryotype or on clinical criteria. When the placenta was examined in 60% of cases there was a marked retardation of villous maturation with frequent persistence of embryonic forms of villi. The authors suggest that the failure of the villi to mature was often a reflection of pathology in the oocyte which started to show itself at the beginning of the pregnancy.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMed1983

[Practical contribution of examination of the products of abortion].

Methods of removal, histological analysis, and interpretation of products of abortion are described. Gross pathological examination should include a search for the egg or site of nidation in the decidua, and for embryoplacental lesions in the egg. Histological changes related to the topography, development stage, duration of intrauterine retention, and primary lesions of the villosities are outlined. Apart from incomplete products or those with prolonged intra-utérine retention, it is proposed that ovular pathology be classified in four main syndromes: endometrial changes with a subnormal egg; embryonic alterations with a subnormal placenta; overall hypoplasia of the embryo and placenta; trophoblastic diseases.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

[Method for study and histological evaluation of the uterus (author's transl)].

The technique of examination and sampling of a cone biopsy or hysterectomy specimen fulfils precise criteria which make it possible to make or confirm a diagnosis and to evaluate prognosis on the basis of complete excision or the state of spread of the lesion. Routinely cone specimen is examined in at least six sections from the anterior lip and at least six from the posterior lip. The uterus must be weighed, measured, oriented, opened in the frontal plane and specimens taken with precise topographical identification, examination of the fresh specimen and of small but multiple and selected specimens is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Micro-invasive cancer of the cervix. The diagnosis and indications for treatment (author's transl)].

The histological criteria for diagnosing micro-invasive carcinoma of the cervix and for deciding the treatment which should theoretically follow these criteria have been reviewed from the literature. To make a diagnosis of micro-invasive carcinoma it is necessary to have an adequate biopsy specimen and at least a cone that has been taken to include healthy material. There is a need to have a classification that can easily be used by pathologists and the following different stages of early epithelioma are therefore proposed: widespread, spreading-incipient, early micro-invasive and an established micro-invasive. The risk of metastasis, although it is slight, should only be considered in the established micro-invasive stage. This may make extended surgical treatment justified.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

[Placental chorioangioma. Echographic diagnosis in the 19th week].

Systematic ultrasound examination made it possible to discover a placental angioma measuring 50 mm in diameter and situated in contact with the feral plaque. This angioma had reached 78 mm in size across its largest diameter by the 23rd week and appeared to become stable thereafter, getting in size towards the 35th week. This state of involution was confirmed when the placenta was examined and it was found there was a second angioma present, and that is was functional, and that there were several microangiomata. The pregnancy, clinically and biologically, was normal throughout and ended with the birth of a healthy girl, who in particular had no enlargement of her heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

In vivo stimulation of a cholinergic synapse of the chick ciliary ganglion induces a reduction in the number of dense core vesicles.

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus of young chicks (1 day old) was stimulated in vivo with a monopolar electrode at 100 Hz during 15, 60 or 225 min. This stimulation produced quantitative morphological changes in the cholinergic synaptic terminal located in the ciliary ganglion. As previously observed at the neuromuscular junction, there is a significant reduction of the numerical density on area (NA) of the coated vesicles. We have also observed, however, a significant reduction of the NA of the clear vesicles and an increase in the NA of the coated vesicles. We have also observed, however, a significant reduction of the NA of the dense core vesicles (DCVs). It is suggested that these DCVs contain a peptide neurotransmitter and that their reduced NA is due to exocytosis which would liberate the peptide during synaptic activity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Morphological changes in presynaptic terminals of the chick ciliary ganglion after stimulation in vivo. A stereological study showing a net loss of total membrane.

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus of one day old chicks was stimulated in vivo. This nucleus projects via the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglion. The stimulation produces morphological changes in the calyciform endings located in the ciliary ganglion. There is a significant reduction of the numerical density on area of the clear and the dense core vesicles. The numerical density of the coated vesicles is low compared to that of the clear vesicles. Their density is however almost doubled by the stimulation. The vesicles, the vacuoles and the plasma membrane were quantified using stereological procedures. A net loss of total membrane was found due to the loss of organelle membrane not compensated for by an equivalent increase of the plasma membrane. These observations are discussed in terms of the theory of vesicular membrane recycling as proposed by Heuser and Reese (1973).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Human triploidy: association with partial hydatidiform moles and nonmolar conceptuses.

A retrospective pathologic review of nearly 100 spontaneous abortions of cytogenetically verified triploid constitution revealed a majority (86 per cent) falling within the category of partial hydatidiform mole, the chief criteria being focal syncytiotrophoblastic hyperplasia, focal villous edema leading to cistern formation, scalloped outline of villi, and frequent "trophoblastic inclusion" formation. The minority (14 per cent) of the conceptuses were nonmolar with a normal or hypoplastic trophoblast. The triploid fetuses in both groups tended to die at about eight weeks' menstrual age. Intrauterine retention was generally prolonged in the partial moles, whereas nonmolar conceptuses tended to abort within the first trimester, often with live or recently dead fetuses. The problem of two distinct morphologic entities within triploidy remains to be further investigated, especially with respect to the etiologic factors responsible for the division.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1981

Baclofen modifies via the release of monoamines the synaptic depression, frequency facilitation, and posttetanic potentiation observed at an identified cholinergic synapse of Aplysia californica.

1. The mechanism of action of baclofen was studied at a cholinergic synapse of Aplysia. This synapse, called RC1-R15, can be activated by a minimal stimulation of the right pleurovisceral connective and is recorded in cell R15 of Aplysia californica. Repeated stimulation of synapse RC1-R15 produces depression, followed by frequency facilitation and by posttetanic potentiation (PTP). 2. Perfusion with baclofen (3 x 10(-5) or 5 x 10(-5) M) reduces the size of all excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of synapse RC1-R15 produced by a train of 100 stimuli at 1.5 Hz. It also reduces the synaptic depression and PTP but increases the frequency facilitation. These effects are similar to those produced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and dopamine on this synapse. 3. When the preparation is perfused with bicuculline or picrotoxin, two antagonists of GABA, the effects of baclofen are not antagonized. However, when baclofen is perfused in the presence of SQ10,631 (an antagonist of serotonin) or butaclamol (an antagonist of dopamine), its effects are partially blocked. 4. To determine if baclofen produces its action by direct interaction with aminergic receptors or by liberating the amines from some nerve endings, a few animals were treated with reserpine to deplete the aminergic pool. Following this treatment no effects were obtained with baclofen suggesting that it acts by liberating dopamine and serotonin or some other amines. 5. In animals treated with reserpine, GABA still produces its normal effects (reduction of EPSP size, synaptic depression, posttetanic potentiation, and increase of facilitation), indicating that baclofen does not act directly on the GABA receptor located on the presynaptic terminal.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The placenta and malaria. A morphologic, parasitologic and clinical study (author's transl)].

In 115 consecutive placentae from an unselected population living in a high malaria endemic region (Franceville, Haut-Ogooué, Gabon, 40 (35%) have the peculiar lesions of maternal plasmodium infection. The lesions show considerable histological variation but the following features are constant: a) deposits of variable amounts of malarial pigment and b) excess of perivillous fibrinoid. Accumulation of maternal erythrocytes with parasites, concentration of macrophages in intervillous spaces and villities are inconstant. In addition, splitting and segmental thickening of the trophoblast basal membrane with occasional aggregations of dense fibrillary structures are found at ultrastructural level. 56% of the mothers have Plasmodium falciparum (94%) or Plasmodium malariae in their peripheral blood. Placental lesions have been found only in 65% of the cases with peripheral parasitemia. Although Plasmodium are present in 35 (87%) placentae, no parasites have been found in the cord blood. The difference between the mean birth-weight of full-term neonates from mothers with placental lesions (n = 38) or with normal placenta (n = 54) is 220 g. This difference is statistically highly significant (p less than 0,001). It appears that the low mean birth-weight is not related to the high percentage (39%) of primipare in the infected group but, in all probability, to the placental lesions.

Adolescent↗