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Biomedical subjects

E Moser

Publications and source records attributed to E Moser.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of local low-dose thrombolysis on clinical outcome in acute embolic renal artery occlusion.

PURPOSE: To determine the utility of local thrombolysis in treatment of acute embolic renal artery occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with acute embolic renal artery occlusion treated with local low-dose thrombolysis were studied. Diagnosis was made with renal scintigraphy and selective renal arteriography. RESULTS: Thrombolysis was successful in 13 of 14 patients. During 1-72 months of follow-up (mean, 27.1 months), renal function did not improve on the side of complete renal artery occlusion, whereas stabilization of renal function at the pretherapy level was seen in patients with incomplete obstruction of the renal artery or complete obstruction at the level of segmental branches. In none of the patients did renal function return to normal. CONCLUSION: In acute embolic renal artery occlusion, thrombolytic therapy does not restore renal function and is therefore not indicated once the ischemic tolerance of the kidney (approximately 90 minutes) has been exceeded.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

The importance of the subfascial lymphatics in the diagnosis of lower limb edema: investigations with semiquantitative lymphoscintigraphy.

A new method of semiquantitative lymphoscintigraphy for the evaluation of lower limb edema is characterized by (1) the evaluation of both the epifascial and subfascial system in order to assess type and stage of the edema, (2) the use of high-resolution digital whole-body imaging to facilitate the calculation of functional parameters, and (3) the use of active, standardized ergometry for reproducibility. The appearance time of 99mTc-labeled human albumin nanocolloid in inguinal lymph nodes after injection and the percent uptake of colloid into lymph nodes at 40 and 120 min after injection served as functional parameters. Patients with edema of the lower limb were compared with normal subjects. In patients with primary lymphedema the two lymphatic compartments are functionally compromised. Early and advanced stages of postthrombotic syndromes can be distinguished by characteristic lymphoscintigraphic patterns in epifascial and subfascial lymphatic compartments. These results indicate that only the separate evaluation of both the epifascial and subfascial compartments allows an accurate functional assessment of the lymphatics in lower limb edema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Highlights and trends--German Society of Nuclear Medicine, Annual Meeting 1993 in Cologne].

The lecture presented at the end of the annual meeting 1993 of the German Nuclear Medicine Society in Cologne contrasts with the usual form of "high-light lecture". The aim was to elucidate developments and to analyse trends in nuclear medicine between the '87 congress in Freiburg and the '93 meeting. This analysis covered the following topics: In-vitro tests, magnetic resonance imaging, therapy with radioisotopes, "newly" developed tracers, methods and their comparison, correlative studies, interventional activities, relationship of the presented papers to daily clinical routine and, finally, scope and size of the study populations. Only few scientific contributions were mentioned to support the trend analysis presented.

Germany↗
PubMed1993

[Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis].

The radiographic changes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consist of periarticular soft tissue swelling, osteoporosis, symmetric narrowing of the joint space associated with marginal or central erosions. Conventional radiography is the basic imaging method in RA due to its high impact on differential diagnosis. MRI and bone scintigraphy are second line imaging methods in early stages of arthritis. Hypervascularized pannus can noninvasively and in a detailed way be depicted using intravenously applied Gadolinium-DTPA. Follow-up examinations of the clinical and radiographic findings are adequate in advanced stages. Additional sonography and computed tomography are supplementary methods.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1993

Spatial learning impairment parallels the magnitude of dorsal hippocampal lesions, but is hardly present following ventral lesions.

The hippocampus plays an essential role in spatial learning. To investigate whether the whole structure is equally important, we compared the effects of variously sized and localized hippocampal aspiration lesions on spatial learning in a Morris water maze. The volume of all hippocampal lesions was determined. Dorsal hippocampal lesions consistently impaired spatial learning more than equally large ventral lesions. The dorsal lesions had to be larger than 20% of the total hippocampal volume to prolong final escape latencies. The acquisition rate and precision on a probe test without platform were sensitive to even smaller dorsal lesions. The degree of impairment correlated with the lesion volume. In contrast, the lesions of the ventral half of the hippocampus spared both the rate and the precision of learning unless nearly all of the ventral half was removed. There was no significant effect of the location (dorsal or ventral) of damage to the overlying neocortex only. In conclusion, the dorsal half of the hippocampus appears more important for spatial learning than the ventral half. The spatial learning ability seems related to the amount of damaged dorsal hippocampal tissue, with a threshold at about 20% of the total hippocampal volume, under which normal learning can occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The lipid lowering effect of a new guar-pectin fiber mixture in type II diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia].

The lipid-lowering effect of a new mixture of fiber consisting in guar and apple-pectin in combination with apple-pomaces has been estimated in 15 female type 2-diabetics [age mean = 62 (52-70) yr] with hypercholesterolemia (total-chol > 240 mg/dl and LDL-chol > 130 mg/dl). After a dietetic run-in-phase of 3 weeks the patients received the fiber mixture (1 package of 17 g with about 5.9 g water-soluble fiber) dissolved in 250 ml water for the next 9 weeks: during the first 3 weeks 2 portions per day, the next 3 weeks twice 1/2 portion and the last 3 weeks one 1/2 portion daily. The fiber mixture had to been consumed 30 minutes before taking a main meal. Regular intake of the fiber product led to a significant decrement in blood lipids, and this improvement under 2 portions daily has been maintained for the most part with the reduced dosage. The total-chol levels decreased by 11.3% during the first 3 weeks of fiber intake (p < 0.05) and by -12.6% during the next 3 weeks (p < 0.05), the decrease during the last 3 weeks under the reduced fiber intake was -9.6% (ns). The HDL-chol levels remained approximately the same during the whole period of observation. The triglyceride concentrations in serum could be lowered by -15.5% during the first 3 weeks of fiber intake, and by -19.2% during the next 3 weeks (p < 0.05), finally the decrease was -12.3% (ns). The atherogenic index (Chol-/HDL-chol) could be reduced on an average of 14.3% in relation to the initial value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Improved evaluation of technetium-99m-red blood cell SPECT in hemangioma of the liver.

This paper reports the results of a prospective study carried out to evaluate a new reading method of tomographic 99mTc red blood cell (RBC) imaging in liver hemangiomas. For this purpose, assessment of planar imaging and conventional, static 99mTc-RBC SPECT presentation (x-ray type film) (Method 1) was compared to a dynamic three-view display of SPECT slices (Method 2) in 21 patients with 56 hemangiomas and 18 patients with malignant liver lesions. Of the 56 hemangiomas, 47 were diagnosed by US, 6 by CT and 56 by MRI. Twenty-nine (52%) hemangiomas were detected by planar scintigraphy and 38 (68%) by SPECT Method 1, whereas 53 (95%) were visualized by SPECT Method 2. Comparing Methods 1 and 2 in hemangiomas < or = 1.0 cm, 1.1-2.0 cm and 2.1-3.0 cm in diameter, Method 2 improved sensitivity from 18% to 82%, 50% to 93% and 82% to 100%, respectively. The smallest hemangioma detected with Method 2 was 0.5 cm in diameter; with Method 1, 0.9 cm; and with planar imaging, 1.0 cm. As assessed by evaluation of the metastases and carcinomas, the specificity for hemangioma was 100%, independent of the method applied, resulting in a positive predictive value of 100%. This study suggests that evaluation of dynamically displayed 99mTc-RBC SPECT studies is superior to conventional reading of static display and comparable to MRI in liver hemangioma > or = 1 cm. Therefore, this approach is suggested as an alternative to MRI for confirming the diagnosis of liver hemangioma > or = 1 cm if planar imaging is negative. This option is available with most modern computer software systems and saves additional disbursement.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Liver tissue characterization by in vitro NMR: tissue handling and biological variation.

The extraction of reliable and useful relaxation time data for tissue characterization by NMR requires strict protocols, optimized for each type of biological tissue, which include parameters like storage duration and temperature as well as measurement parameters. Spin-lattice relaxation times in liver tissue vary not only with NMR frequency but also with their "time-after-excision characteristics," while spin-spin relaxation times are almost independent of most parameters which influence T1 at 20 MHz in normal liver tissue (e.g., species, sex, circadian rythm, starvation). T2, however, being more sensitive to water content and pH changes, is well suited for detecting nonspecific tissue alterations (e.g., due to ischemia, chemical toxins). Following the suggestions outlined herein, investigation of at least 120 min of time-after-excision (storage) effects allows the significant distinguishing of various physiological differences in normal liver tissue as well as improvement of early detection of liver pathologies.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of HTK- and UW-solution for liver preservation tested in an orthotopic liver transplantation model in the pig.

The aim of this experimental study was to compare the preservation potency of University of Wisconsin (UW) and HTK (Bretschneider) solutions in an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model in pigs. Livers were harvested using an in situ perfusion technique, where organs were flushed with the solution being tested, stored on ice--cold storage (CS)--for 2 or 24 h and then transplanted. Parameters monitored were liver enzymes in serum, hepatic water content, high energy phosphates, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time T2, light microscopy and bile production. CS for 24 h is an extreme in pig liver preservation and is not compatible with animal survival. Biopsies showed drastic morphological changes and grafts did not produce bile in either group. (Bile production 2 h CS: HTK, 5.6 +/- 1.8 ml/h; UW, 4.7 +/- 2.3 ml/h) Enzyme release after reperfusion (deltaSGOT, deltaLDH) was higher in long-term preservation. Hepatic tissue water content significantly decreased during CS in UW preserved livers. Edema alter reperfusion (deltaH2O: HTK 24 h = +5.6%, UW 24 h = +4.8%) and regeneration capacity after reperfusion (UW 2 h = 63%, HTK 2 h = 55%, UW 24 h = 30%, HTK 24 h = 30%) were not significantly different. However, we did not observe major differences in preservation potency between the solutions tested. Differences were correlated, rather, with length 9 time of CS, than with the solution used. Therefore, HTK solution seemed to be a low potassium containing alternative to UW solution.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

In vitro NMR investigation of controlled single and repeated isoflurane anesthesia.

Immobilization of laboratory animals is a basic requirement for experimental in vivo NMR measurements. The effect of single and repeated isoflurane anesthesia on proton NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 in rat liver was studied. Furthermore, physiological monitoring was performed to evaluate the influence of isoflurane anesthesia (up to 2 hr) on biological parameters. Neither single nor repeated isoflurane application over the observed time produce relevant alterations of physiological parameters or relaxation times, compared with untreated control groups. Therefore, we conclude that isoflurane anesthesia is appropriate for in vivo NMR investigations, especially of the liver.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1992

Cold-preserved rat liver viability testing by proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry.

The results of a series of experiments in the cold-preserved rat liver, applying a newly developed method of pretransplant viability testing, are described. The livers were stored either under simple hypothermic conditions (KHB) or in EC, HTK, or UW preservation solution. Livers were stored up to 48 hr and reperfused after a period of hypothermic storage of 1, 7, 14, or 21 hr. In a parallel series of experiments, with livers stored under identical conditions, repeated proton relaxometry measurements (0, 1, 7, 14, 24, 32, 48 hr) were undertaken; and ATP, ADP, AMP (Atkinson's energy charge), and water content of livers, as well as pH of storage solution, were estimated. Based on a strong correlation between proton spin-spin relaxation time T2 and tissue water content (edema), this new method may be useful to estimate the amount of cell swelling during hypothermic storage from a surgical biopsy of about 200 mg within a few minutes. There was, however, no significant correlation found between energy charge and/or pH and water content, T2, or bile flow. Our method could be useful as a rapid test method in experimental cold liver storage models and may be of interest in human liver transplantation as a viability indicator in combination with other parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Feeding to optimize canine reproductive efficiency.

The relationship between nutrition and reproduction is a topic of importance to veterinarians and breeders. Nutrient deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances all are capable of altering reproductive performance. Healthy adult dogs should be fed a diet high in digestibility, low in residue, and high in nutrient bioavailability. Rarely is nutritional intervention necessary during the first half of gestation. During the last half of gestation, switching to a growth/lactation diet and increasing intake by 1.2 to 1.4 x maintenance is indicated. Depending on breed and pup numbers, at peak lactation, feed intake may need to be increased by 2 to 4 x maintenance. The feeding goals of lactation are to minimize loss of bitch body condition score and optimize milk production and pup growth. After weaning, the female who is in poor body condition should remain on a diet rich in protein, fat, and trace nutrients until she is physically/nutritionally repleted.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

[The potential significance of early effort myocardial scintigraphy following PTCA].

Exercise 201Tl scintigraphy before and after successful PTCA was evaluated in 69 patients with coronary stenosis > 60%. Mean luminal stenosis was found reduced from 74 +/- 10% to 31 +/- 11% (58% reduction). Scintitomographic examination within 3 weeks following intervention showed a reduction of the exercise perfusion defect from 17.00 +/- 14.6 to 5.8 +/- 7.8 arbitrary units (66% reduction). Angiographically, re-stenosis was identified in 22/41 patients (54%) after 6 months. Unexpectedly, re-stenosis could not be predicted by early 201Tl scintigraphy (positive and negative predictive value in patients with single-vessel disease: 61% and 41%, resp.). Nevertheless, evaluation of PTCA results was possible (sensitivity 83%). However, postinterventional transient defects, indicating ischemia, were often seen (all patients: 43/69; patients with single-vessel disease: 31/55) and not indicative of failure of the intervention. Thus, post-PTCA scintigrams should be compared with scintigrams recorded before the intervention to ensure reliable follow-up control.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Results of radioiodine therapy in different forms of hyperthyroidism in relation to the planned dosage].

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of radioiodine therapy (131J) in a large group (n = 925) of hyperthyroid patients treated at two major departments of nuclear medicine (Freiburg, abbr. FR, and Munich, abbr. M). 761 patients suffered from non-immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Plummer's disease) and the remaining 164 patients from immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). In these cases, radioiodine therapy using doses between 60 and 80 Gy proved ineffective, FR (80 Gy) recording 28% success and M (60 Gy) 54%. A dose of 150 Gy, however, is successful in more than 80% of the cases: FR 81%, M86%. However, the incidence rate of hypothyroidism increases consecutively with 150 Gy: FR 49%, M 62%. In patients suffering from Plummer's disease, the solitary autonomous nodule can be eliminated by radioiodine therapy (400 Gy) with a high rate of success (95%); the same applies to multinodular autonomous adenomas. The therapeutic concept applying a dose of 400 Gy to the total functional autonomous tissue (delineated by ultrasound) yields slightly better results (95%) than 150 Gy applied to thyroid gland (M88%, FR82%). This dosimetric compromise is a practicable alternative which is tolerably successful. In patients suffering from disseminated non-immunogenic hyperthyroidism, a dose of 150 Gy applied to the entire organ succeeds in 85% of the cases. The rate of hypothyroidism resulting from these dose recommendations is the lesser evil compared to residual or recurrent hyperthyroidism, since hypothyroid patients can be treated without any problem with thyroid hormones.

Adenoma↗