Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to E Kobayashi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Parathyroid hormone concentration in the serum of people with cadmium-induced renal damage.

Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and renal functions were measured in thirty subjects with cadmium-induced renal damage and in the same number of control subjects. The negative correlations between PTH and creatinine clearance (Ccr) and between PTH and percentage renal phosphorus reabsorption (% TRP) were significant in the cadmium (Cd)-exposed group. Serum PTH concentrations were clearly high in two cases of the cadmium-exposed group. Their renal functions decreased severely compared with those of the other Cd-exposed people. The present study indicates that chronic cadmium intoxication could cause increased secretions of PTH, which may be related to cadmium-induced bone damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Copper and zinc levels in serum and urine of cadmium-exposed people with special reference to renal tubular damage.

Urinary copper and zinc concentrations and their serum levels were determined in women environmentally exposed to cadmium, including "itai-itai" disease patients and suspected patients, for evaluating the effect of cadmium exposure on metabolism of such essential metals as copper and zinc in human beings. Copper concentrations in the urine of cadmium-exposed women, especially "itai-itai" patients and suspected patients, were much higher than those of nonexposed women. Zinc concentrations in the urine of cadmium-exposed women, however, were not different from those of nonexposed women. Zinc levels in the serum of the "itai-itai" patients were somewhat lower than those of the nonexposed women. On the other hand, serum copper was almost equal in the cadmium-exposed and the nonexposed women. The correlation coefficient between beta 2-microglobulin amounts and copper concentrations in the urine of all women examined was as high as 0.95. It is concluded that exposure to cadmium will cause an increase in the excretion of copper in urine, which is attributable to renal tubular damage due to the cadmium exposure, and that urinary zinc excretion is not increased by cadmium exposure, even in the patients who suffer from severe renal tubular damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) studies on glutaraldehyde-fixed renal specimen.

Immunofluorescent microscopy (IF) has become an essential tool in the routine diagnosis of renal pathology. It is thought that glomerular IF patterns represent different forms of immunologically mediated glomerular lesions. However, in order to preserve antigenicity IF is usually done on frozen, unfixed specimen by light microscopy and it is difficult to locate target macromolecules in tissue with precision. In order to establish the precise location of such macromolecules in glomeruli in relation to the ultrastructure, we undertook an immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) study on renal biopsies. Percutaneously biopsied tiny specimen was fixed in glutaraldehyde and processed with protease. Using peroxidase-labeled antisera, a direct IEM was done. With this technique, target macromolecules corresponded well not only to electron-dense deposits but also to IF patterns. In one case of membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin (Ig) was found to be outside of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), while IgA was seen to be inside the GBM. For this same case, a similar localization of immunoglobulins was not revealed by IF. In conclusion, IEM is a useful technique that can broaden our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms in glomerular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Urinary metallothionein as a new index of renal dysfunction in "Itai-Itai" disease patients and other Japanese women environmentally exposed to cadmium.

The significance of elevated excretion of metallothionein in urine of women living in cadmium-polluted areas of Japan was studied with respect to renal dysfunction. The relationships between the concentrations of metallothionein in urine and those of other non-specific urinary indices of renal dysfunction, i.e., total protein, glucose, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, alpha-amino nitrogen and proline were examined. In addition, the relationships between urinary metallothionein and urinary cadmium and copper were also evaluated. It was found that the logarithm of the metallothionein concentration in urine was significantly correlated with the logarithm of the concentrations of each of the above parameters. When subjects with signs of renal dysfunction, including "itai'itai" disease patients and patients suspected of the disease, were compared with subjects with normal renal functions, as a group, the former excreted significantly higher concentrations of metallothionein in their urine than the latter. The results suggest that the elevated excretion of metallothionein is not only an index of excessive cadmium exposure, but also of renal dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to this metal.

Aged↗