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Biomedical subjects

E Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to E Kobayashi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Urinary alpha 1-microglobulin as an indicator protein of renal tubular dysfunction caused by environmental cadmium exposure.

An epidemiologic investigation was carried out to clarify the significance of the urinary excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG) in people aged 50 years and over living in a Cd-polluted area in Japan. Approximately 80% of the population participated in the health examination. The urinary and serum levels and the relative clearance of alpha 1-MG to creatinine clearance were compared with various parameters (age, urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), total protein, Cd, Cu and Zn, serum beta 2-MG, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and relative clearances of alpha 1-MG, beta 2-MG, inorganic phosphate and uric acid). It was found that the urinary excretion of alpha 1-MG is closely associated with the urinary Cd and Cu and with the indices of renal dysfunction listed above. These results suggest that the urinary alpha 1-MG level markedly reflects a degree of proximal tubular dysfunction and that it may be useful as one of the screening measures for proximal tubular dysfunction caused by environmental Cd exposure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Mercaptalbumin as a selective cadmium-binding protein in rat serum.

Cadmium-binding proteins in blood serum were determined on a gel permeation column by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Cadmium chloride was administered iv to female rats of the Wistar strain in a single dose of 0.4 mg Cd/kg body wt and the rats were killed 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after the injection. The blood serum was separated on an Asahipak GS-520 column and cadmium concentration in the eluate was monitored continuously along with sulfur, zinc, copper, iron, and phosphorus concentrations. Cadmium was selectively bound to mercaptalbumin and the metal was eliminated from blood serum within 30 min in a biphasic mode. Addition in vitro of cadmium chloride into fresh blood serum revealed that cadmium is bound selectively to mercaptalbumin up to approximately 14 micrograms Cd/ml serum. Excess cadmium in blood serum was found in the lower molecular weight fraction. Nonmercaptalbumin produced by oxidative disulfide bond formation between albumin and glutathione or cysteine was not able to bind cadmium. Sulfur and other element profiles were helpful in characterizing metal-binding proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Significance of elevated urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in chronic cadmium poisoning.

N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) concentration were measured in the urine of inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area (Cd), including patients with, or suspected, "itai-itai" disease and control subjects. Urinary NAG activity increased with increasing beta 2-m concentration up to about 100 U/g creatinine; above this value the NAG activity did not increase with increasing beta 2-m concentration. Urinary NAG activity thus represents another useful indicator of renal tubular damage caused by Cd poisoning since the mechanisms for the excretion of NAG and beta 2-m into urine are thought to be different.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

[Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives].

The entity of cerebrovascular diseases associated with the use of oral contraceptives is well known but quite rare in Japan in contrast to Western countries. We recently encountered a 38 years old female with cerebral venous thrombosis considered to be caused by oral contraception. This patient took oral contraceptives for 17 days following therapeutic abortion, and was transferred to our hospital because of disturbed consciousness. CT scans disclosed a right temporo-occipital subcortical hemorrhagic infarction and bilateral thalamic infarction. Cerebral angiograms showed non-filling of cortical veins in the same area. The internal cerebral vein, vein of Galen and right transverse sinus were not visualized either. The hematoma and necrotic tissue were removed to avoid farther neurological deterioration. The brain was swollen and hyperemic, and thrombosed cortical veins were clearly recognized at operation. Twelve cases, including ours, of cerebrovascular diseases associated with oral contraception were reported up to now in Japan, and only 3 of them were diagnosed objectively as venous or sinus thrombosis. The average age of these 12 cases was 34 years old and many of them experienced abortion or therapeutic abortion. There was no relationship between the dose of estrogen and the onset of cerebrovascular diseases. We believe that the onset of this pathological state is based on gynecological hypercoagulable state, and the oral contraception may play a role of a trigger. Oral contraception should be contraindicated in patients with gynecological hypercoagulable state, hypertension and/or smoking habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intracerebellar hemorrhage due to cerebellar hemangioblastoma.

A rare case of a bleeding from a cerebellar hemangioblastoma is described. The tumor was diagnosed preoperatively with a computed tomography scan and a vertebral angiogram. The characteristic computed tomography scan findings and probable mechanism of bleeding are discussed.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Amino acid in gastric juice of peptic ulcer patients.

To clarify the protein metabolism in peptic ulcer disease, the amino acid content was determined in gastric juice of gastric ulcer patients (n = 30), duodenal ulcer patients (n = 16), gastroduodenal ulcer patients (n = 8), and hospital controls (n = 8). The amino acid output in the gastric ulcer group was greater than that of the hospital control both in basal and maximal secretion. In the duodenal ulcer group of patients who were high secretors of gastric juice, the amino acid concentration was low, so the amino acid output was also lower than that of the hospital control group. Tetragastrin did not increase the amino acid output in the gastric juice. The amino acid amount may be decided also by the architecture of the gastric mucosa and not only by the ulcer lesion itself. The protein loss from gastric mucosa may well result in hypoproteinemia in peptic ulcer disease of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Systemic chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate rescue].

Intravenous bolus injection of an 80- to 120-mg/m2 dose of cisplatin followed by "rescue" with sodium thiosulfate (STS) was tried in the treatment of 7 patients with advanced tumor. STS was given continuously i.v. six hours after cisplatin injection, combined with methylprednisolone and metoclopramide as antiemetics. Four patients were evaluable, consisting of one CR, one PR and two NC. Severe nausea and emesis occurred in two patients and irreversible renal dysfunction occurred in one. The clinical use of the STS rescue regimen was discussed in conjunction with our basic investigation of "STS-rescue" in an animal model.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pancreas head carcinoma associated with situs inversus viscerum totalis].

The patient was a seventy seven years old male whose chief complaint was jaundice. Chest and abdomen roentgenogram showed situs inversus viscerum totalis. Echographically, pancreas head tumor was showed. Stenosis of inferior bile duct and dilatation of main pancreatic duct were showed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticography. So, pancreas head carcinoma associated with situs inversus viscerum totalis was diagnosed. Pancreaticoduodenectomy and modified Child method was undergone. At the time of operation, liver was recognized left side of abdomen. The tumor was diagnosed well or moderately differentiated papillotubular adenocarcinoma by pathological study. This unusual combination of situs inversus viscerum totalis and pancreas head carcinoma was reported.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1985

Cell cycle-dependent heat sensitization of murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in regenerating marrow.

The response of murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells to hyperthermia was examined using normal and regenerating marrow. Hyperthermic exposure was given in vitro at 41-44 degrees C for periods of up to 60 min, and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Although almost no difference in percentage of survival was observed between them at 41 degrees C, murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells of regenerating marrow showed markedly increased thermal sensitivity at and above 42 degrees C in comparison with that of normal marrow. Hydroxyurea suicide experiments revealed that the proportion of in vitro colony-forming units in the DNA-synthetic phase of the cell cycle [S phase] was greatly increased in regenerating marrow [66 +/- 4% (SD)] as compared with that in normal marrow [18 +/- 8%]. These data indicate that heat sensitization of hemopoietic cells occurs because of cell cycle effects, when they apparently mean the relative proportion of cells in S phase.

Animals↗