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Biomedical subjects

E Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to E Kobayashi.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Toxicity of cadmium oxide instilled into the rat lung. I. Metabolism of cadmium oxide in the lung and its effects on essential elements.

The metabolism of cadmium oxide (CdO, insoluble form) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2, soluble form) instilled intratracheally into the rat lung was investigated. CdO might be solubilized rapidly in the lung and consequently pulmonary clearance rate of CdO was not so different from that of CdCl2. At a dose of 5 micrograms Cd/rat about 20% of the dose was translocated to the liver within 12 h, whereas gradual and consistent accumulation of Cd was observed in the kidney up to 7 days. Both pulmonary clearance and translocation of Cd to the liver were accelerated with the dose of instilled CdO, however, Cd accumulated in the kidney was proportional to the dose. Lung weight was increased by the instillation of CdO. Lung essential elements such as S, P, Mg, Zn and Mn were not affected in the inflammatory-reparative proliferative process, but Cu content of unit lung weight was slightly decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the scalp--case report.

A case of congenital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the scalp containing a complex vascular network is described. The AVM was totally removed, together with its feeding artery and draining veins. Congenital AVM of the scalp is rare; only 21 other cases have been reported since 1973. All involved complex vascular networks, and about one half of the patients had red or purple birthmarks. These clinical features clearly differ from those of traumatic arteriovenous fistulae of the scalp. Although many treatment approaches have been tried, total excision appears to be the most appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Calphostins (UCN-1028), novel and specific inhibitors of protein kinase C. I. Fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.

A novel complex of calphostin (UCN-1028), which specifically inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) has been isolated from the culture broth of a fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides. Purification of individual components was carried out by silica gel, non-porus resin Diaion HP-20SS and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, leading to isolation of five closely related components. A, B, C, D and I. Calphostins showed cytotoxic activities against various tumor cells, and these cytotoxicities were proportional to their inhibitory activities against PKC.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical study on the utility of endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of common bile duct stone].

Using the cholangiofiberscope, electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed in 20 patients with biliary tract stones. In all cases, stones were destroyed and removed without any serious complications. Since these treatments no recurrence of stones has been recognized (average 8.6 months, longest 16 months). The average period of PTCD needed for the treatments was 34.3 +/- 8.1 days, and the average number of treatments needed was 1.7 +/- 1.0. The average time taken was 91 +/- 26 minutes, and the period from PTCD until hospital discharge was 39.8 +/- 6.1 days for cases of common bile duct stone, and 46.3 +/- 8.8 days for common bile duct and gall bladder stone. This period for cases of common bile duct stone is equivalent to that taken by surgical procedures in our hospital. This treatment seems to be at least as good as EST or surgery for cases of common bile duct stone. It is especially appropriate for those patients who reject surgery, are elderly, poor risks, or recurrent cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The relationships of urinary metallothionein with other indicators of renal dysfunction in people living in a cadmium-polluted area in Japan.

An epidemiologic investigation was carried out to study the significance of urinary excretion of metallothionein (MT) in people aged 50 years and over living in a cadmium (Cd)-polluted area in Japan. The urinary level of MT was compared with various parameters (age, urinary alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), total protein, Cd, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), and relative clearances to creatinine of alpha 1-MG, beta 2-MG, phosphate and uric acid). It was found that the urinary excretion of MT is closely associated with Cd and the indices of renal dysfunction listed above. This observation was more remarkable in women than men. When subjects with signs of renal dysfunction were compared as a group to those with normal renal functions, the excreted amount of MT in the former is significantly greater. The results support the notion that the urinary excretion of MT reflects not only Cd exposure levels but also renal dysfunction caused by long-term Cd exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Postnatal development of biliary and pancreatic exocrine secretion in piglets.

1. The secretory responses of bile and exocrine pancreas were studied in various aged piglets. 2. At 3 days old the bile and exocrine pancreas could be reacted by various stimulations. The response by secretin was the same as that in the 28 day old. 3. Protein concentration in pancreatic juice by CCK-8 increased steeply after 6 days old, but the ratio of amylase to protein rose abruptly at 28 days old. 4. These findings indicate that (1) the secretory capacity of bile and pancreatic juice developed predominantly at an early period of postnatal life; (2) the formation of bile acids and pancreatic digestive enzymes developed gradually during the suckling period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Unusual postoperative hemorrhage in a patient with ruptured aneurysm and hemophilia B].

A case of ruptured cerebral aneurysm with hemophilia B is reported, and discussion is made concerning the management of mild type hemophilia in surgical operations. A 41-year-old male came to our hospital with complaints of severe headache, vomiting, and transient consciousness disturbance. His dentist said the patient had a mild bleeding tendency when he was 30 years old, however no postoperative hemorrhage was repeated in appendectomy in his childhood. He also had had no episodes of spontaneous bleeding. CT scan on admission showed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and angiography revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. His coagulation screening tests (bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) were normal. An aneurysmal neck clipping was carried out, and operators did not detect any bleeding tendency during the surgery. CT scan on the next day showed no remarkable finding. On the third postoperative day, right hemiparesis occurred. Left putaminal hemorrhage took place. His coagulation tests and FDP were also normal. The hematoma was partially evacuated. After the second operation his condition was good, and rehabilitation program started. On the 15th hospital day his consciousness deteriorated suddenly, and CT scan showed a massive epidural hematoma on the left. His prothrombin time elongated mildly, but other tests were normal. Coagulation factors VIII and IX were examined and the factor IX was 22.5% of control. He was thought to be a patient with mild type hemophilia B. Despite a third operation for hematoma removal he died on the 20th hospital day. Mild type hemophilia B does not bleed spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

High-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma profiles of cadmium, zinc, sulphur, and other elements in rat liver supernatants after cadmium injection.

The distribution of cadmium, zinc, sulphur and other elements in the liver supernatants of rats and their variation with time following a single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an inductively coupled plasma. Cadmium that was bound to high-molecular-weight-proteins before the induction of metallothionein was analysed more easily using an Asahipak GS-520 column, whereas the distributions of other elements and of cadmium bound to metallothionein were better characterized on a TSK G3000SW column. Cadmium bound primarily to a distinct high-molecular-weight protein before the induction of metallothionein. After the injection its distribution shifted with time to metallothionein. An atomic emission spectrometer, employing an inductively coupled argon plasma and a vacuum UV monochromator was effectively used as a multi-element specific detector for HPLC.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Multi-component analysis of urine of dogs with liver diseases by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Components of the urine of normal dogs and dogs with liver diseases were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a macroreticular anion-exchange resin with UV detection. The dogs with liver diseases were experimentally prepared by either Eck fistula by portal-caval anastomosis, dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver failure or total hepatectomy by operation. Eighteen chromatographic peaks were numbered and the cross-correlation coefficient of the intensities of every pair of peaks was computed. There were high correlations between several pairs of peaks according to the types and degrees of the hepatic failures, whereas no significant correlation was observed for the peak pairs of normal urine samples. The results showed that HPLC analysis of urine is useful in the diagnosis of the physiological state in liver dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Detection of sulfur-containing compounds in control and cadmium-exposed rat organs by high-performance liquid chromatography--vacuum-ultraviolet inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICP).

Sulfur-containing compounds in biological samples were separated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography and detected with a vacuum-ultraviolet inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Distribution profiles of sulfur in the supernatants of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and pancreas of control and cadmium-exposed rats were determined along with cadmium, copper, iron, phosphorus, and zinc profiles. Changes in sulfur distribution were induced by cadmium exposure not only in the metallothionein fraction, but also in the high-molecular-weight protein fraction, indicating the effect of cadmium exposure on diverse endogenous sulfur-containing compounds. Glutathione and taurine also were detected simultaneously as distinct peaks.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Environmental and injected cadmium are sequestered by two major isoforms of basal copper, zinc-metallothionein in gibel (Carassius auratus langsdorfi) liver.

Gibels were exposed to cadmium in their aquarium at a concentration of 10 micrograms Cd/l for up to 39 weeks. Distributions of cadmium, copper and zinc in the liver soluble fraction were determined along with sulfur by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Cadmium was sequestered by the two major isoforms of gibel metallothionein as in the case of cadmium injected intraperitoneally into gibel. Several peaks with cadmium, copper, zinc and sulfur were observed other than the two major isoforms and their relative ratios were different between the control and cadmium-exposed fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Malignant lymphoepithelial lesion.

A case of undifferentiated carcinoma arising from benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) of the parotid gland was studied by light and electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the carcinoma was composed of pleomorphic anaplastic cells showing an undifferentiated type among abundant lymphoid tissue forming germinal center. Among the prominent lymphoid tissue, epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and squamous metaplasia of the duct epithelium were found. Dysplastic epithelium revealed a transition with carcinomatous component in some areas. On the electron microscopic observation, the tumor cells were poorly differentiated, possessing desmosomes and intracytoplasmic filaments. The patient is alive and well 2 months after resection of the tumor, but has a high titer of serum Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in IgG. Eighty five cases of the malignant lymphoepithelial lesion (MLEL) including the present case are summarized.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Acute brain swelling during evacuation of subdural hematoma caused by delayed contralateral extradural hematoma: report of two cases.

Two patients experienced severe brain swelling during the evacuation of acute subdural hematomas. Postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed delayed extradural hematomas on the sides opposite the subdural hematomas. Extradural bleeding occurred in the area of the fractured skull. One patient improved neurologically after evacuation of the extradural hematoma, and the other was not operated because he was moribund. Drilling exploratory burr holes in the fractured area may have been a better strategy than awaiting a postoperative CT scan. The reduction of intracranial pressure after the removal of subdural hematoma was postulated to be the most important factor contributing to the formation of the extradural hematoma.

Acute Disease↗