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Biomedical subjects

E Kaiserling

Publications and source records attributed to E Kaiserling.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A new monoclonal antibody (3A5) that recognises a fixative resistant epitope on tissue macrophages and monocytes.

AIMS: To develop a monoclonal antibody specific for human macrophages in routinely processed material. METHODS: The monoclonal antibody was derived from a mouse popliteal lymph node after subcutaneous immunisation in the footpad with fragments of human spleen depleted of lymphocytes and erythrocytes. RESULTS: 3A5 is a monoclonal antibody reactive with macrophages, monocytes, and histiocytes in routinely processed (formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded) human tissue specimens. Unlike the well known panmacrophage marker KP1 (CD68), neither dendritic cells (interdigitating cells, Langerhans' cells, and microglia) nor myeloid, lymphoid, or epithelial cells stained with 3A5. CONCLUSION: As the staining pattern of 3A5 is restricted, compared with other macrophage markers and the recognised epitope survives common fixation and embedding procedures, 3A5 is a valuable marker for histiocytes and macrophages in routine diagnostic applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Are tumours innervated? Immunohistological investigations using antibodies against the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in benign, malignant and experimental tumours.

The aim of the present study was to assess the innervation pattern in benign haemangiomata, malignant colo-rectal carcinomata and experimental malignant tumours transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice using the general nerve fibre marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5. An indirect immunohistological technique (using streptavidin-biotin complex formation) was used on paraffin wax sections of tumour tissues fixed in neutral buffered formalin. In 5/7 haemangiomata nerve fibres were detected in the vicinity of some tumorous blood vessels, though the majority of such vessels were without immunoreactive nerve fibres. In some cases the reaction product for PGP 9.5 appeared to be distributed in a diffuse perivascular manner. In the colo-rectal carcinomata, no intra-tumorous blood vessels received a nerve supply, though nerves were observed in the stroma supporting the tumour tissues. In the experimental tumours derived from either human colo-rectal carcinomata or breast carcinomata cell lines, no nerve fibres were detected within the tumours themselves. The conclusions reached were that tumour blood vessels are not innervated. Angiogenesis, which is a prerequisite for tumour growth, must, therefore, be regulated by a means other than neural.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Frequent overexpression of p53 in dysgerminoma of the ovary.

The expression of p53 in 7 dysgerminomas of the ovary was investigated immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibodies DAKO-p53/Do-7 and Dianova-p53/Do-1. All the tumors exhibited overexpression of p53 protein. Immunoreactive tumor cell nuclei amounted to more than 50% in 2 tumors, 10-50% in 2 tumors, and less than 10% in 3 tumors. No relationship was found between tumor stage and the degree of p53 expression. Overexpression of p53 thus appears to be very common in dysgerminoma, as it is in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Skin involvement in myelogenous leukemia: morphologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of skin infiltrates.

A systematic morphological analysis of cutaneous infiltrates in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome revealed that in many cases the infiltrating cells have a different phenotype from those in the bone marrow. This study sought to answer two questions: (a) How wide is the range of cytological features and immunoreactivity of the cutaneous infiltrates and what danger is there of misinterpretation? (b) What are the possible causes of the wide spectrum of differentiation of the cells infiltrating the skin? Skin biopsy specimens from 16 patients with myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome were investigated. The diagnosis was acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4, according to the French-American-British/FAB system of classification of acute leukemias) in eight cases, acute monocytic leukemia (M5) in four cases, aleukemic leukemia cutis as a recurrence of M2 leukemia after treatment in one case, and myelodysplastic syndrome in three cases, including one case of myelodysplasia with an excess of bone marrow blasts (RAEB-T) and two cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one of which presented as aleukemic leukemia cutis. Reactivity with the macrophage-associated antibodies anti-CD68, Ki-M1p, and anti-lysozyme was the most consistent. However, the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase reaction and staining with DAKO-M1, Ki-My2p, anti-neutrophil elastase, and anti-CD34 were found to be of little value for identifying the cutaneous infiltrate as myelogenous. Some antibodies (e.g., anti-S100 protein and MB2) even produced staining in a few cases that could have led to a mistaken diagnosis of histiocytic neoplasm or malignant lymphoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1994

Solitary fibromastocytic tumor arising in an inguinal lymph node: the first description of a unique spindle cell tumor simulating mastocytosis.

A 77-yr-old man presented with a right inguinal mass. At herniotomy, an enlarged inguinal lymph node was also removed. Gross examination revealed a firm gray tumorous nodule measuring 3 cm in maximum diameter. On histological examination, the lymphatic tissue was found to have been almost completely replaced by spindle-shaped tumor cells arranged in whorls and bundles. In Giemsa-stained sections, about one-third of the tumor cells were seen to be strongly metachromatic tissue mast cells. The other tumor cells reacted only with a monoclonal antibody against vimentin out of a broad panel of antibodies directed against various antigens expressed by leukocytes, mesenchymal cells, and epithelial cells. A small fraction of the nonmetachromatic tumor cells reacted with the proliferation-associated antibody MIB1. Immunostaining with an antibody against p53 tumor-suppressor gene products was negative. Electron-microscopic examination revealed mast cells containing abundant granules, which were intermingled with fibroblasts that had bizarre, elongated nuclei. No myofibroblasts, desmosomes, or basement membrane material were detected. Clinical examination revealed no abnormalities, and blood and bone marrow findings were completely normal. A diagnosis of solitary (apparently benign) fibromastocytic tumor was established on the basis of the relative tumor cell numbers, the cytological features, and the clinical data. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of a solitary spindle cell tumor arising in a lymph node and simulating mastocytosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the vagina: a case report with special reference to the immunophenotype of the tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphoreticular cells.

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (Schmincke's tumor) is a relatively common malignancy in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx), but it rarely occurs at other sites. We describe here the first case of a vaginal neoplasm that closely resembled lymphoepithelial carcinoma in its histological features and immunophenotype. The tumor was detected in an 81-year-old woman who presented with recurrent vaginal bleeding. On colposcopy, an ulcerated polypoid tumor mass was seen in the posterior wall of the middle portion of the vagina. Histologic examination revealed an undifferentiated spindle-cell carcinoma (KL1+, chromogranin A-, vimentin-) with abundant lymphocytes (mostly UCHL1+ T cells), plasma cells, and macrophages (CD68+) in and around the tumor cell nests. A minority of the tumor cells exhibited overexpression of p53 protein and a quarter of the tumor cells reacted with the antibody MIB1, that is, were in a proliferate state. The tumor cells did not react with the monoclonal antibody DAKO-EBV, which detects a latent membrane protein (LMP-1) encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus. The tumor underwent regression after radiotherapy. No signs of recurrence or dissemination of the carcinoma have been detected clinically during the 6 months since treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of cell adhesion molecules in decidua of early human pregnancy. An immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate human decidua for cell adhesion molecules involved in interactions between the various different maternal and fetal cell populations, homing of the unusual intradecidual population of CD56+ lymphocytes, and organization of the decidual extracellular matrix. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: First trimester human decidua from normal pregnancies was investigated immunohistochemically with antibodies against integrin subunits (alpha 1-6, alpha L, alpha M, alpha X, alpha IIb, alpha V, beta 1, beta 3, and beta 4), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and L-selectin. RESULTS: Endometrial glands stained for alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha V, beta 1, beta 3, and beta 4, and stromal cells for alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha V, beta 1, beta 3, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Endothelium stained for alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha V, alpha IIb, beta 1, beta 3, and beta 4; platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule and ICAM-1 also were found on the endothelium of a large number of blood vessels of all types, and VCAM-1 on the endothelium of a moderate number of arterioles and venules, and a few capillaries. Weak staining for E-selectin was seen in a moderate number of arterioles and venules. Large numbers of lymphocytes stained for alpha 4, alpha L, alpha M, alpha X, beta 1, and moderate or small numbers for alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha v, beta 3, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, and L-selectin. CONCLUSIONS: Decidual stromal cells, like endometrial glands and endothelium, express integrins that bind basement membrane components. These integrins represent the basis for the formation of the pericellular basement membrane of these cells. They also bind certain glycoproteins that support outgrowth and attachment of the trophoblast in vitro. Vitronectin-binding integrins on endometrial glands, stromal cells, and endothelium may be involved in adhesion of the trophoblast through vitronectin on its surface. From our findings and published data it seems that adhesion of alpha 1 beta 2 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1) on lymphocytes to ICAM-1 on the endothelium plays the most important role in the migration of CD56+ lymphocytes from the peripheral blood into the decidua. The expression of several beta 1 (VLA) integrins on lymphocytes suggests that these cells are activated, and, like the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on stromal cells, probably contributes to their retention in the decidual stroma.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1993

Melanin-containing hepatoblastoma with endocrine differentiation. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

BACKGROUND: The authors previously have reported that hepatoblastomas may exhibit endocrine differentiation. This report describes a hepatoblastoma in which a melanocytic component was present in addition to endocrine differentiation. METHODS: The tumor, which arose in a 15-month-old girl, was subjected to conventional histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic investigation. RESULTS: The tumor had fetal and embryonal epithelial areas and osteoid. The presence of melanin could be suspected, even on the basis of gross examination. The melanin was found predominantly in macrophages but also was present in a few epithelial tumor cells. The tumor also had HMB45-immunoreactive melanocytic cells, and correspondingly, cells containing dopa-oxidase, an enzyme essential for melanin synthesis. Staining for chromogranin A and serotonin was seen in fetal-type cells, embryonal-type cells, and in epithelial cells of reactive bile ductules at the periphery of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Primary melanin-containing tumors of the liver are extremely rare; only one such tumor, referred to as a "teratoid hepatoblastoma," previously has been described in detail. The combination of endocrine and melanocytic differentiation has not been reported previously in liver tumors but occurs in endocrine tumors of other organs. Although it is not possible to define exactly the histogenesis of the melanocytic cells in this tumor, it is most likely that these cells and the other components of the tumor derive from a pluripotent entodermal stem cell by multidirectional differentiation.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

Dysgerminoma of the ovary. An immunohistochemical study of tumor-infiltrating lymphoreticular cells and tumor cells.

BACKGROUND: Human neoplasms often are accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate. It has been proposed that this represents an immunologic response to the tumor. Dysgerminoma, a germ cell tumor of the ovary, is a classic example of this phenomenon. The authors investigated the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphoreticular cells (TIL) and tumor cells in this rare malignancy. METHODS: Tissue from seven dysgerminomas of the ovary was fixed in formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin and investigated immunohistochemically with a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies. In one case, additional immunohistochemical investigations were performed on cryopreserved tumor tissue. RESULTS: All seven tumors showed a marked cellular stromal reaction with formation of disseminated granulomas similar to that seen in the closely related testicular seminoma. The TIL were preponderantly T-cells (CD43+, CD45RO+, OPD4+) and macrophages/epithelioid cells (MAC387+, CD68+), B-cells (CD20+, Ki-B3+), natural killer cells (CD57+), and immune-accessory cells (CD1+, CD35+) were rare in most cases. In the one case in which cryopreserved tissue was available, most of the intratumoral T-cells belonged to the CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) subtype, and most of the intratumoral T-cells expressed the alpha/beta heterodimer of the T-cell antigen receptor; gamma/delta + T-cells were exceedingly rare. Some of the macrophages/epithelioid cells were found to express activation antigens (interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor, HLA-DR2). Antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase and pancytokeratin each stained tumor cells in six cases. Virtually no tumor cells were found to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II antigens. CONCLUSIONS: The immunohistochemical findings concerning the tumor cells and TIL in dysgerminoma of the ovary provide additional evidence of a close relation to seminoma of the testis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Proliferation of reactive and neoplastic human tissue mast cells. An immunohistochemical study using the antibody PC10 (anti-PCNA).

Studies on the proliferative compartment of human tissue mast cells (MCs) and their tumours (mastocytosis) have not been performed. We have used the monoclonal antibody PC10 to study MCs in reactive or hyperplastic states (chronic non-specific lymphadenitis, n = 10; benign and malignant solid tumours, n = 5) and in the various subtypes of mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa, n = 22; solitary mastocytoma of the skin, n = 7; systemic mastocytosis; n = 8; malignant mastocytosis, n = 4). The identification of PC10-positive MC nuclei was achieved by double staining. We found no PC10-positive MCs in reactive or hyperplastic states, or in 14 of 22 cases of urticaria pigmentosa. PC10-positive MCs could be identified in all other mastocytosis but mostly in very low numbers. The mean percentages of PC10-positive MCs amounted to 0.5 in eight positive cases of urticaria pigmentosa, 1.2 in mastocytoma, 0.7 in systemic mastocytosis, and 4.0 in malignant mastocytosis. The difference between the latter form of mastocytosis and each of the other subtypes proved to be significant (P < 0.05). The very small proliferative compartment in the cutaneous and systemic variants of mastocytosis is in accord with their favourable prognosis. Most of the patients with systemic mastocytosis in the present study are all alive and well up to 12 years after diagnosis. In contrast, most of the patients with malignant mastocytosis died within 1 year of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunoreactivity of normal and neoplastic human tissue mast cells with macrophage-associated antibodies, with special reference to the recently developed monoclonal antibody PG-M1.

There is increasing evidence in favor of the hypothesis that human tissue mast cells (MCs) are progeny of hemopoietic stem cells and are closely related to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. To test this hypothesis we investigated the immunoreactivity of normal/reactive MCs in 12 lymph node and tumor specimens and neoplastic MCs in 27 tissue samples from patients with various types of mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa, n = 13; cutaneous mastocytoma, n = 4; systemic mastocytosis, n = 6; and malignant mastocytosis, n = 4) with a panel of eight antibodies that stain macrophages or immune accessory cells and are reactive on routinely processed (paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed) tissue. The MCs were stained by three of the macrophage-associated antibodies (namely, KP1 [CD68], Ki-M1P, and PG-M1 [CD68]), but were not stained by three other antibodies (namely, HAM56, MAC387, and LN5) or antibodies detecting immune accessory cells (DAKO-CD35 and anti-S-100 protein). While KP1 stained normal/reactive and neoplastic MCs in all the specimens investigated, Ki-M1P stained neoplastic MCs in nearly all the cases of mastocytosis but did not stain normal/reactive MCs. PG-M1 also failed to stain normal/reactive MCs and stained MCs in only approximately half of the specimens from cases of mastocytosis. Among these were most of the cases of systemic and malignant mastocytosis, but only a minority of the cases of cutaneous mastocytosis and a very few cases of urticaria pigmentosa. To summarize, (1) MCs display immunohistochemical staining properties resembling those of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system but not those of macrophage derivatives belonging to the immune accessory cell compartment, and (2) PG-M1 and Ki-M1P are unique among the macrophage-associated antibodies investigated in that they do not stain normal/reactive MCs but exhibit preferential reactivity with the more atypical MCs in cases of systemic and malignant mastocytosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1993

[Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the tonsil].

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) of the tonsil is a rare disorder of histiocytic proliferation with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. We report on a case of a solitary histiocytosis of a unilateral tonsillar palatine. To exclude a mesenchymal tumour a 32-year old male with a hyperplasia of the left tonsil underwent surgery. The histopathological examination revealed a solitary infiltration of Langerhans cells. We found a morphologically remarkable intraepithelial hyperplasia of Langerhans cells (S-100 protein positive) on contrast to the opposite side. The CT scans of the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis and the bone marrow puncture could not detect any further manifestation of the disease. Therefore, we refrained from systemic therapy. Up to now the patient is without any relapse of the disease for a period of 16 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Investigation of bone marrow lymphocyte subsets in normal, reactive, and neoplastic states using paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens.

Bone marrow lymphocyte subsets in normal and reactive states and in neoplastic diseases involving the marrow were investigated with a select panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive on routinely processed, paraffin-embedded trephine biopsy material. In all cases, the antibodies beta F1 and UCHL1 (CD45RO) stained virtually equal numbers of T cells (reactive and neoplastic), whereas antibody OPD4 stained only about one half of this number of T cells. Antibody L26 (CD20) stained B cells (reactive and neoplastic) in all specimens. The T-cell to B-cell ratio in the normal marrow was between 4:1 and 5:1, and a significant increase in T-cell numbers was observed in reactive and myelodysplastic states. A significant increase in B-cell numbers, however, was seen only in marrow infiltrated by B-cell lymphoma. Bone marrow exhibiting infiltrates of B-cell lymphoma, acute leukemia, or myeloproliferative disorders showed normal or decreased numbers of T cells. These findings show that antibodies UCHL1, beta F1, and L26 can be used to determine the numbers of B and T lymphocytes in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed bone marrow specimens and thus may help to distinguish reactive T lymphocytosis from B-cell lymphoma.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of cell adhesion molecules on CD56++, CD3-, CD16- large granular lymphocytes and endothelial cells in first-trimester human decidua.

Human decidua exhibits a unique infiltrate of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with a natural killer (NK) cell phenotype (CD56++, CD16-, CD3-). The mechanisms underlying the binding of circulating LGL to vascular endothelium in the decidua and their migration into the decidual stroma were investigated immunohistochemically in first-trimester decidua with antibodies against endothelial adhesion molecules and their counter-receptors on leukocytes. Decidual and peripheral blood LGL were also investigated by flow cytometry. In the immunohistochemical investigations, moderate to large numbers of lymphoid cells in the decidua were found to express the alpha 4 and alpha L integrin subunits, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PECAM and ICAM-1 were found on the endothelium of large numbers of decidual blood vessels of all types. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), however, was found on the endothelium of only small to moderate numbers of arterioles and venules and a few capillaries, the latter being the main site of migration of leukocytes into the stroma. Weak staining for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM) was seen only in a moderate number of blood vessels. Flow cytometry revealed expression of the alpha L integrin subunit by 72 +/- 10% and 97 +/- 3% of decidual and peripheral blood CD56+ LGL, respectively, of the alpha 4 integrin subunit by 85 +/- 7% and 90 +/- 5%, of PECAM by 40 +/- 12% and 30 +/- 15%, and of ICAM-1 by 22 +/- 10% and 1 +/- 1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Malignant lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)--consecutive unusual manifestation in the rectum and gingiva.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are characterized by a preferential mucosal manifestation. Each organ system may be involved. Exclusively local growth is usually treated with surgical tumour reduction, combined with radiotherapy. In cases of tumour dissemination, chemotherapy is warranted. Follow-up should be performed closely. This case report highlights an unexpected recurrence of NHL in the oral MALT, four years after primary manifestation in the rectum.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

[Arteriovenous hemangioma of the facial nerve. Case report and review].

Hemangioma of the facial nerve is a rare cause for sensorineural hearing loss. Such was found in a 50-year-old patient with a history of slowly progressive, unilateral deafness. Pure-tone audiogram showed only residual hearing in the left ear. A stapedial reflex could not be elicited, nor could brainstem evoked potentials be recorded. Cranial CT showed a widened internal auditory meatus, while a Gadolinium MRI revealed an enhancing process of the left cerebellopontine angle. Via a translabyrinthine approach a tumor of the facial nerve was found and resected completely. Histopathologic examination demonstrated an arteriovenous hemangioma.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗