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E Kaiserling

Publications and source records attributed to E Kaiserling.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

QBEND10 for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes in routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens.

AIM: The assessment of the value of the antibody QBEND10, which is directed against the haemopoietic stem cell related antigen CD34, in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome in routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens. METHODS: 581 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded trephine biopsy specimens of the iliac crest were immunostained with QBEND10 (avidin-biotin complex/ABC method). The number of CD34+ haemopoietic stem cells/blast cells (referred to hereafter as CD34+ cells) was determined in each case. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The following diagnostic categories were defined: (1) normal or reactive bone marrow (n = 356), (2) lymphoproliferative disorders, usually non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low grade malignancy or multiple myeloma (n = 118), (3) myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 22), (4) acute leukaemia (n = 44), and (5) myeloproliferative diseases (n = 41). The average number of CD34+ cells was very low (0.2/HPF) in normal and reactive bone marrow, in lymphoproliferative disorders and in the myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes RA and RARS. Myeloproliferative diseases showed an average of three CD34+ cells/HPF. However, the average number of CD34+ cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes RAEB and RAEB-T (8.7/HPF) and in acute leukaemia (including both myeloid and lymphoblastic leukaemia; 111.7/HPF). CONCLUSIONS: QBEND10 is of value for the identification of RAEB and RAEB-T in routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens because it enables the detection of even small increases in the number of CD34+ cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Functional significance of CD56 large granular lymphocytes in the decidua in early pregnancy in the human].

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to characterize the large granular lymphocytes (LGL) found in large numbers in the decidua of early pregnancy, in order to investigate their functional significance in placentation. METHODS: The LGL were investigated by immunohistochemical, flow cytometric and molecular biological techniques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The LGL resemble a small subpopulation of Natural Killer cells (NK-cells) in the peripheral blood, express activation antigens and produce cytokines that may have a regulatory/modulatory influence on trophoblast growth.

CD56 Antigen↗
PubMed1995

Benign supraclavicular tumorous lymphangiectasia--a new disease?

We describe an isolated recurrent non-inflammatory tumorous swelling of the supraclavicular fossa in four premenopausal women. Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography of the neck each suggested an inhomogeneous mass consistent with "lymphangioma." In each patient the clinical course and histopathologic findings suggested that the swellings were due to chronic localized lymph stasis with subsequent lymphangiectasia, possibly initiated by intermittent obstruction of the juncture of the thoracic or right lymph duct with the internal jugular vein. Enlargement may have been hormonally triggered by estrogens as each woman was taking oral contraceptive pills at the onset of the disease. To characterize this unique entity, we have termed the disorder benign supraclavicular tumorous lymphangiectasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunoreactivity of sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study using lectin UEA-1 and antibodies against endothelial markers, including CD34.

The reactivity of sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focal nodular hyperplasia, and nonneoplastic liver tissue with various endothelial markers was investigated to detect any differences that might be of diagnostic relevance. The lectin UEA-1 antibody BMA 120, and antibodies against von Willebrand's factor, CD31, and CD34 were used. KP1 was employed to detect Kupffer cells. In the normal liver there was only focal staining of sinusoidal endothelium in the vicinity of the portal tracts with all of the endothelial markers applied. In the cirrhotic liver a slightly greater number of sinusoids (mainly in the vicinity of the fibrous septa) stained with UEA-1 and, although to a lesser extent, with anti-von Willebrand's factor and anti-CD31. A slight increase in staining for CD34 was seen in only 1 of the 11 specimens of cirrhotic liver. In focal nodular hyperplasia, there was increased staining of sinusoids with all of the markers investigated; staining was confined mainly to the periphery of the nodules. HCC exhibited the most obvious differences in numbers of stained sinusoids and staining intensity in comparison with both normal and cirrhotic liver. UEA-1 and anti-CD34 stained large numbers of sinusoids in virtually all of the HCC investigated; UEA-1 stained a slightly greater number of sinusoids and did so with slightly greater intensity. BMA 120 and the antibodies against von Willebrand's factor and CD31 stained a smaller number of sinusoids and did so with lower intensity; they failed to stain sinusoids in some of the tumors. Because staining of the sinusoids in cirrhotic liver was minimal with anti-CD34, this antibody proved to be the best of all the markers investigated for distinguishing highly differentiated HCC from nonneoplastic liver tissue. It seems possible that the increase in immunoreactivity of sinusoids in HCC with anti-CD, unlike that with Uea-1, anti-von Willebrand's factor, and anti-CD31, is not an expression of capillarization, but rather of angiogenesis.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

Nonspecific immunostaining of blast cells of acute leukemia by antibodies against nonhemopoietic antigens.

It is well known that some of the widely used antibodies directed against hemopoietic antigens exhibit cross-reactivity with normal and neoplastic nonhemopoietic cells. By contrast, relatively little is known about the immunoreactivity of hemopoietic cells with antibodies that detect nonhemopoietic antigens. In this study 43 routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens containing infiltrates of acute leukemia of different subtypes were stained with a panel of 20 antibodies that detect nonhemopoietic antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Thirteen of the antibodies applied (KL1; BMA 120; and antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific epithelial antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, serotonin, bombesin, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin, desmin, and S-100 protein) did not stain blast cells in any of the cases. However, anti-vimentin, HMB45, and anti-myoglobin stained blast cells in the majority of the cases; the antibodies against thyroglobulin, actin, and carcinoembryonic antigen stained blast cells in 10% to 25% of the cases; and anti-neuron-specific enolase stained blast cells in less than 10% of the cases. No correlation was found between the leukemia subtype and the pattern of immunoreactivity. The staining specificity, (i.e., the specificity of binding of the primary antibody--immunologic vs. nonimmunologic binding), was tested by increasing the dilution of the primary antibody and comparing the staining intensity in the bone marrow specimens and control tissue. Staining specificity was confirmed only for staining with the antibodies against neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. The findings show that immunoreactivity of tumor cells in bone marrow biopsy specimens for nonhemopoietic antigens does not exclude a diagnosis of acute leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Virilizing stromal Leydig cell tumor (Leydig cell-containing thecoma) of the ovary in pregnancy. A case report with extensive immunohistochemical investigation of the tumor cells.

The rare case of a stromal Leydig cell tumor of the ovary occurring in a 21-year-old woman who developed signs of virilization during pregnancy is reported. Serum androgen levels were markedly elevated. At cesarean section, a slightly hypotrophic, but otherwise normal, female infant was delivered and a tumor of the right ovary measuring 12 cm in maximum diameter was resected. Histologic examination revealed a sex cord-stromal tumor consisting of spindle-shaped, thecomatous cells and a large number of loosely scattered clusters of large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Both types of tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive for vimentin, but exhibited no proliferative activity and no overexpression of p53 protein. A few of the polygonal cells contained typical crystalloids of Reinke. Cellular atypia was not a prominent feature, and a diagnosis of benign stromal Leydig cell tumor was established. As expected, 20 months after diagnosis the patient exhibits no signs of recurrence or dissemination. To the best of our knowledge this is only the second case of a stromal Leydig cell tumor occurring in pregnancy to be described.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Massive intestinal hemorrhage associated with intestinal amyloidosis. An investigation of underlying pathologic processes.

UNLABELLED: Two cases of systemic amyloidosis with massive intestinal hemorrhage necessitating bowel resection prompted an investigation of the possible pathologic processes leading to such hemorrhage, since no conclusive information about this has been published. METHODS: The two surgical specimens and, for comparison, one biopsy specimen and autopsy specimens from six cases of amyloidosis were investigated by various histologic techniques. RESULTS: Massive amyloid deposition in the muscularis mucosae was noted in both surgical specimens. The source of hemorrhage was identified as being located at the border between the muscularis mucosae and the overlying rectal or colonic mucosa. In the autopsy specimens, there was patchy or linear amyloid deposition in the muscularis mucosae, but no hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Various factors could be involved in causing massive intestinal hemorrhage in systemic amyloidosis. Functional disturbances may be involved due to amyloid deposition in relation to blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and nerve plexuses, and, as it appeared to be the case in the two surgical specimens investigated, massive deposition in the muscularis mucosae. The reduced motility and increased rigidity of the musculature probably result in shearing forces being set up in the presence of mechanical strain (eg in coprostasis or colonoscopy) that lead to tears in the region of the muscularis mucosae and to massive hemorrhage. Intestinal hemorrhage in amyloidosis may also be related to disturbances of coagulation, which have been reported in occasional cases, and ulceration, probably resulting in some cases of ischemic colitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Histogenesis of hepatoblastoma. Morphological, immunoelectron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings].

The wide range of epithelial and mesenchymal lines of differentiation seen in hepatoblastoma suggests that this tumor derives from a pluripotent stem cell. In order to test this hypothesis, seven hepatoblastomas of various subtypes were investigated for the presence of cells with the features of the oval cells found during hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents that are thought to be closely related to hepatic stem cells. The specimens were investigated by electron microscopy, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19. Small epithelial cells (SEC) corresponding to the oval cells of the rat and the "small cells" found in human liver disease with chronic ductular reaction, both of which are thought to be related to hepatic stem cells, were found. The SEC were oval and exhibited intercellular junctions, tonofilament bundles, and a biliary epithelium-type cytokeratin profile. They were found in small numbers in fetal hepatoblastoma and in moderate numbers in embryonal hepatoblastoma. In small cell hepatoblastoma, nearly all the tumor cells exhibited SEC-like ultrastructural features and a corresponding cytokeratin profile. Thus, cells with the features of hepatic stem cells are detectable in hepatoblastoma. Their numbers vary according to the subtype, reflecting the differing degrees of differentiation of the various subtypes, consistent with the theory propounded in the literature that embryonal and, with further differentiation, fetal tumor cells derive from precursor small cells. The findings support the hypothesis that hepatoblastoma derives from a pluripotent, probably entodermal or even less committed, stem cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of the value of immunohistochemistry in the subtyping of acute leukemia on routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens with particular reference to macrophage-associated antibodies.

The value of immunohistochemical staining in the subtyping of acute leukemia was investigated on 36 routinely processed (formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded) trephine biopsy specimens from the iliac crest containing diffuse infiltrates of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML; n = 23) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 13). These were stained with a broad panel of antibodies (n = 23) against various leukocyte antigens, among them 11 macrophage-associated antibodies (MAAs): Ki-M1p, MAC387, HAM56, LN5, KP1 (CD68), PG-M1 (CD68), Ki-M4p, DAKO-DRC (CD35), and antibodies against lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and S100 protein. The French-American-British (FAB) classification subtypes of the AML cases, as determined by enzyme-cytochemical and/or immunocytological investigation of bone marrow smears, were as follows: M1 = 6, M2 = 5, M4 = 7, M5 = 3, and AML (not classified) = 2. The 13 cases of ALL were classified as follows: c-ALL (pre-B-ALL) = 7, B-ALL = 3, T-ALL = 2, and ALL (not classified) = 1. All the MAAs except LN5, Ki-M4p, and DAKO-DRC stained blast cells in AML. However, the number of stained blast cells varied considerably within and between the individual subtypes (M4/5 > M2/1). Using Fisher's exact test a significant difference in frequency of blast cell staining between AML and ALL was found for four MAAs (anti-lysozyme, MAC387, Ki-M1p, and KP1) and two of the three myeloid cell markers applied (Ki-My2p and anti-neutrophil elastase). Of these six antibodies, the combination of anti-lysozyme and KP1 can be recommended for use in routine diagnostics for the differentiation of AML from ALL on the basis of immunohistochemical staining because both of these antibodies were found to stain a relatively large percentage of cases of AML but none of ALL. However, none of the MAAs were found to discriminate reliably between the FAB M4/5 and M1/2 subtypes of AML.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

Are breast tumours innervated? Immunohistological investigations using antibodies against the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in benign and malignant breast lesions.

The aim of the present study was to assess the innervation pattern of benign and malignant breast lesions using the neuronal marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5. An unlabelled antibody technique (using streptavidin biotin complex formation) was used on paraffin wax sections of tissues fixed in neutral buffered formalin. In 2/4 cases of chronic mastopathy, PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was seen in relation to blood vessels and the ductal system. No immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5 was seen in the affected tissues of 9/10 cases of fibroadenomata. In 9/16 breast cancers, PGP 9.5-labelled perivascular nerve fibres were detected in connective tissue stroma supporting carcinoma tissue, though not in the immediate vicinity of such tumour tissue. Labelled nerve fibres were detected in large bundles at the periphery of tumours, possibly unrelated to the latter. Our results indicate that the newly formed blood vessels within a tumour are not innervated, though major blood vessels which supply the tumour are innervated.

Breast↗
PubMed1994

Diffuse sinusoidal hemangiomatosis of the spleen. A case report with enzyme-histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron-microscopic findings.

Diffuse hemangiomatosis of the spleen is a very rare benign tumor in which the whole spleen is permeated by neoplastic blood vessels. It is occasionally accompanied by severe disturbances of blood coagulation. The histogenesis of this tumor remains obscure. No systematic investigations of the immunophenotype of the neoplastic endothelium have been published. We describe a case of isolated benign diffuse hemangiomatosis of the spleen in which the enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical findings suggested an origin in the splenic sinus endothelial cells. Some of the tumor endothelial cells reacted with UEA-1, BMA 120, antibodies against the von Willebrand factor, CD34, and CD8, an antigen which, in man, is expressed only by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and the endothelial cells of the splenic sinuses. Enzyme-histochemical investigations revealed reactivity for nonspecific esterase and lack of reactivity for alkaline phosphatase--a pattern typical of the sinus endothelial cells. The tumor could be distinguished from other tumors/tumor-like lesions of the spleen that exhibit endothelium with characteristics typical of the splenic sinuses (peliosis, splenoma, littoral cell angioma) on the basis of its histological features. The lack of expression of histiocytic antigens by the tumor endothelium is also evidence against a diagnosis of littoral cell angioma, which also derives from the sinus endothelium. Thus, this tumor could not be identified as any of the recognized tumors/tumor-like lesions of the spleen and it is therefore proposed that it should be designated diffuse sinusoidal hemangiomatosis.

Female↗
PubMed1994

The neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is phenotypically expressed in human breast epithelium, in milk, and in benign and malignant breast tumors.

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the well-established neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in nonneuroendocrine tissues of the human breast. Using antibodies directed against PGP 9.5 in an immunohistological technique, a positive staining of nerves and, surprisingly, a positive cytoplasmic reaction were obtained in normal breast epithelium, in all cases of fibroadenomata (n = 7) and in carcinoma cells in 5 out of 16 cases of breast cancers. In screening several human breast cancer cell lines, a positive immunoreaction was observed in 4 out of 6 of the cell lines. To exclude the possibility that this immunoreactivity was false, positive lysates from the same cell lines and preparations from human breast milk were subjected to NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. This study confirmed the presence of PGP 9.5 in both milk and breast cancer cell lines. Because any contamination with nerve fibers can be excluded having used cell culture material or milk, it can be concluded that the presence of PGP 9.5 in the normal epithelium and in breast cancer cells is genuine. PGP 9.5 expression is, therefore, a feature of normal breast epithelia and breast cancer cells and cannot be regarded as 'neuron' specific.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1994

Lymphatic amyloidosis, a previously unrecognized form of amyloid deposition in generalized amyloidosis.

Although amyloid deposition in relation to blood vessels is a well-recognized feature of generalized amyloidosis, lymphatic vessel amyloidosis is not mentioned in the literature. Systematic investigation of tissue removed at autopsy from patients with generalized amyloidosis and biopsy specimens from cases of localized amyloidosis and familial Mediterranean fever showed that amyloid deposition around lymphatics is by no means uncommon. The material investigated was mainly large and small bowel, lung, heart and kidney. Amyloid was identified by green birefringence with the Congo red stain on cross-polarization and lymphatics by their lack of immunostaining for CD34. Involvement of lymphatics was noted in 20 of the 42 organs from which specimens were examined, and was always accompanied by involvement of blood vessels and/or the interstitium. In the intestine, lymphatic amyloidosis was found mainly in the submucosa and subserosa, and was also demonstrated by electronmicroscopy in one case. Although lymphatic amyloidosis was equally common in the heart, lung and kidney, it was usually less prominent here than in the intestine. No lymphatic involvement was seen in localized amyloidosis. As the lymphatics play a central role in the resorption of interstitial proteins, they are probably also involved in the resorption of amyloid proteins. Amyloid deposition in the vicinity of lymphatics is probably the result of decompensation of this process.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1994

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney. Immunoreactivity with HMB-45. Light- and electron-microscopic findings.

Immunoreactivity with HMB-45 has recently been described in renal angiomyolipoma, a tumour of smooth muscle cells. HMB-45 is a monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with melanosomes. In order to determine whether the tumour cells contain melanosomes and synthesize melanin, seven tumours were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemically with the antibodies HMB-45, KP1 (CD68), PG-M1 (CD68), Ki-M1P, anti-lysozyme, anti-smooth-muscle actin, anti-vimentin, anti-S100 protein and KL1 (anti-keratin). Two tumours were also studied by electronmicroscopy and one by immuno-electronmicroscopy. Histochemical investigation for dopa oxidase was performed on cryostat sections. The tumours contained varying numbers of HMB-45-positive muscle cells. Reactivity was noted in lysosomal granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Typical premelanosomes were found in the tumour cells by electronmicroscopy. Groups of tumour cells stained for dopa oxidase. The tumour cells were not reactive for lysozyme, but reacted with KP1, PG-M1 and Ki-M1P. Immuno-electronmicroscopy showed that reactivity for KP1 was located within lysosomal granules. The findings show that the tumour cells of renal angiomyolipoma contain premelanosomes and that they are able to synthesize melanin, because they contain dopa oxidase. Immunoreactivity with KP1, PG-M1 and Ki-M1P can be attributed, in the absence of staining for lysozyme, to the large number of lysosomal granules. The tumour cells were not found to be related to macrophages or myeloid cells.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructural localization of factor XIIIa.

Thin sections of dermatofibromas, of a basal cell epithelioma, a patch stage lesion of Kaposi's sarcoma, a case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, and one case of malignant mastocytosis were incubated with antibody to factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Regardless whether the tissue had been embedded in Lowicryl K4M, Epon, or Araldite, labeling was found in dermal dendrocytes, mast cells, and endothelial cells. In dermal dendrocytes, the reaction product was seen in dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as free within the cytoplasm. In endothelial cells, FXIIIa was localized within Weibel Palade bodies, free within the cytoplasm, and in villous projections into the vasucular lumen. In mast cells, the reaction was found in mast cell granules exclusively. Mast cells, dermal dendrocytes, and endothelial cells have in common that all three express FXIIIa, belong to the microvascular unit, and are increased in number during angiogenesis and in fibrovascular processes. It thus seems that these cells are functionally related.

Endothelium↗