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Biomedical subjects

E Jones

Publications and source records attributed to E Jones.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Recovery time and sensorimotor cortex lesion effects.

Rats received one-stage, bilateral lesions of the individual sensorimotor cortex areas (Sm-1, Sm-2) and were compared to sham operated rats or rats with lesions of Sm1 + 2 in learning a series of 5 ridge-smooth tactile discriminations. Some rats began testing 1 or 2 weeks after surgery, while others remained in their home cages for 1 month, 6 months, 1 year or 2 years before beginning testing. The rats with combined Sm1 + 2 lesions performed very poorly regardless of recovery time, and those with sham operations performed extremely well even when tested late in life. The animals with either Sm-1 or Sm-2 lesions did not do well after the shorter recovery periods, but obtained scores within the sham operated group range when given 1 year. (Sm-2) or 2 years (Sm-1) for recovery. These data show that spared parts of the damaged system are important in mediating tactile discriminative behavior. However, the reasons for the long delays in recovery are not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Quercetin, flavonoids and the life-span of mice.

A dietary supplement of 0.1% quercetin significantly reduced the life span of mice. The effect was predominantly on the 'shorter living' males. A blackcurrant juice extract, containing a mixture of flavonoids in addition to quercetin, prolonged significantly the life span of the 'older dying' females. The significance of these results vis-a-vis aging mechanisms and the dietary intake of quercetin is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bacterial mutagenicity studies on chloroform in vitro.

Chloroform was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay using five strains of Salmonella typhimurium. In view of previous reports describing the development of liver and kidney tumours in some experiments involving long-term administration of chloroform to rats and mice, the mutagenicity tests were carried out in the absence of any S-9 microsomal-enzyme preparation and in the presence of S-9 microsomal-enzyme preparations derived from (a) livers and (b) kidneys of rats and mice previously exposed to the microsomal-enzyme inducer Aroclor 1254. No evidence of potential mutagenicity was observed under any of the test conditions. To determine whether the findings might have been influenced by the volatility of the chloroform, the test organisms were exposed to chloroform vapour, but again chloroform gave no indication of potential mutagenicity. Taken in conjunction with already published data from mutagenicity studies with chloroform, it appears unlikely that the tumours observed in some long-term rodent studies are attributable to a genotoxic action of the compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effects of gum arabic, wheat offal and various of its fractions on the metabolism of 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in the male weanling rat.

1. Male weanling rats were given for extended periods diets containing gum arabic or wheat offal or various offal fractions. The fractions included two lipid fractions, a water-soluble extract and a modified-acid-detergent (MAD)-fibre extract. The diets contained either low concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (induced rats) or were free from this source of aflatoxin (non-induced rats). The distribution of 14C was then studied after the rats received 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in their feed. Blood plasma concentrations of triglycerides, and total cholesterol were also measured. 2. Gum arabic and wheat offal accelerated the rate of passage of 14C through the small intestine and wheat offal very considerably decreased retention time in the large intestine. Both fibre sources increased faecal bulk. However, only wheat offal decreased liver and urinary accumulation of 14C and the effect could be explained entirely by the MAD-fibre fraction of wheat offal. 3. The possible induction of either microsomal enzymes unrelated to the production of mutagenic aflatoxin metabolites, or of extramicrosomal enzymes is discussed; but it is concluded that the main effect brought about by wheat offal on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin can be attributed to a direct influence of the MAD fibre fraction of wheat offal on the intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1. 4. The relevance of these conclusions to drug safety studies is discussed, because comparable studies may yield differing results, despite a use of diets having the same nutrient composition but differing ingredient composition.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1982

Nonsystemic mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis with "full house" immunofluorescence. Pathological and clinical observation in five patients.

Five patients, four women and one man, between the ages of 19-38 years developed nonsystemic renal glomerular disease. All presented with proteinuria (two with the nephrotic syndrome) and four had microhematuria. Biopsy revealed mesangial and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis with "full house" immunofluorescence (deposits containing IgG, IgM, IgA, C1q, C4, C3). The deposits were located primarily in the mesangium. After 10-58 months of follow-up, none has demonstrated any evidence of systemic illness. All had persistent proteinuria and two have shown evidence of progression of disease but none was in established renal failure. Because of the "full house" immunofluorescence, this entity resembles mesangial lupus nephritis and may be the nonsystemic counterpart of the latter illness analogous to the proposed relationship of IgA nephropathy to Henoch-Schönlein nephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Influence of novel male on the social behaviour of a captive group of mature female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

The replacement of a sexually mature, but sexually inactive, male by a novel mature male in a small colony of Macaca fascicularis brought about changes in social behaviour and structure. Particularly striking were the heightened levels of all sexual activity, especially in the females' invitation to the male to copulate. Cohesiveness around the male increased. Increased levels of agonism were noted and changes in the agonistic female hierarchy resulted. The grooming relationships in the colony were also significantly altered.

Aggression↗
PubMed1982

Pyogenic infections of the pubic symphysis.

Four cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the pubic symphysis occurred in intravenous abusers of pentazocine hydrochloride and pyribenzamine. Symptoms included suprapubic pain when walking, bilateral inguinal pain, and pain caused by hip flexion and rotation. Cultures of material taken by joint aspiration and open biopsy yielded P. aeruginosa in three patients and P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and Corynebacterium in the fourth. All four responded to antibiotic treatment and open debridement but were lost to follow-up. Recent reports of P. aeruginosa arthritis in intravenous drug abusers are discussed. The concept of infective synchondritis as a distinct entity is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Controlled trial of imipramine for chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain is a common problem that has been noted in several studies to exist as a component of masked depression. To determine the usefulness of imipramine in the treatment of chronic low back pain, either by a direct action or indirectly via resolution of a depressive equivalent, 50 consecutive patients were entered into a controlled trail that employed serum imipramine and desipramine levels and Beck depression questionnaires. Forty-one patients completed the study, and 48 were used in the statistical analysis. Imipramine had a statistically significant effect over placebo in most, but not all, of the clinical parameters that were measured. A linear relationship between serum drug levels and reported symptoms was not noted. Only 10 of the 50 patients entered into the study were judged clinically depressed and, of these, 7 were depressed according to standard criteria. There was no statistically significant difference noted in either the initial or the change in Beck depression scores between those on imipramine and those on placebo. However, among those on the active drug, the patients with a greater symptomatic response had a simultaneous change in the total Beck depression scores (toward less depression) that approached statistical significance when compared with those with a less symptomatic response. Although the results are not conclusive, imipramine may possibly be useful in the treatment of chronic low back pain, especially so when it exists as a component of masked depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Quantitation of red cell deformability during progressive deoxygenation and oxygenation in sickling disorders (the use of an automated Ektacytometer).

1. The Ektacytometer, which allows quantitation of cell fluidity under known environmental conditions, has been recently modified so that cells can be exposed to any desired O2 tension during shear stress. 2. Heterozygotes (HbAS)show a pO2 vs deformability curve which varies from patient to patient in relation to the quantity of HbS. In the high viscosity medium used for this measurement, erythrocytes are normally deformable at any pO2 from 5 mmHg to normoxic conditions, at physiologic pH [7.3] and osmolarity (290 mOsm Kg-1). Modulation of the pH and osmolarity induces cell rigidity at different pO2 below 40 mmHg. 3. Homozygotes (HbSS) blood contains heterogeneous erythrocyte populations from the reticulocytes to abnormally dense cells (heterogeneity in cell volume, Hb concentration, shape, etc.). After separation by differential centrifugation, the various fractions each show a characteristic response to pO2 changes, pH, osmolarity and other parameters, which are specific to each patient and his pathological status at a given time. 4. This method was used to evaluate the activity of anti-sickling drugs. In addition, the action of such compounds on normal cells gives information on the mechanism of activity (changes in volume, in oxygen affinity, membrane properties or other--yet poorly explored--parameters). 5. This new application of the Ektacytometer may be of value for a) evaluating anti-sickling drugs and designing new therapeutic modalities, b) monitoring therapy of sickle cell patients, and c) research into the phenomenon of sickling.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1982

Long-term study of iris sutures in rabbits.

A review of the literature of iris suture studies in rabbits, monkeys, and man reveals that all studies have been limited to six months or less. This project addresses the longevity of 10-0 prolene as an iris suture in vivo in the rabbit over a two-year period. Light and scanning electron microscopy examination demonstrated 10-0 prolene as relatively non-degradable and inert.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bacterial mutation test on plafibride.

N-2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) was tested for mutagenic activity of the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100 were employed. Two of these strains (TA 1535 and TA 100) are sensitive to base pair substitution mutagens, whilst the remaining three are sensitive to frame-shift mutagens. No evidence of mutagenic activity of plafibride was observed either in the presence or absence of a liver microsomal supplement.

Animals↗