Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Jones

Publications and source records attributed to E Jones.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

L-carnitine treatment in the hyperlipidemic rabbit.

A study was designed to examine the hypolipidemic effect of L-carnitine treatment (4 weeks, 170 mg/kg/d) in rabbits fed a high fat diet (5% corn oil/0.5% cholesterol, w/w). Eight weeks of exposure to the high fat diet significantly increased plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides. VLDL associated triglycerides, cholesterol, apo-B, and total protein were also significantly increased with the diet. There was no change in HDL-cholesterol levels. Plasma concentration of carnitine (free, acyl, and total) all increased significantly with the high fat diet. The content of free, short-chain, and total carnitine were decreased in the liver whereas the content of long-chain acylcarnitines was increased. The diet generated a significant steatosis within the livers of these animals. Four weeks of treatment of L-carnitine reduced the extent of the liver steatosis and significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL associated triglycerides, cholesterol, and total protein. HDL-cholesterol levels were unaffected by the treatment. All plasma fractions of carnitine (free, acetyl, acyl, and total) were significantly increased above those levels seen after 8 weeks of the high fat diet alone. The content of liver carnitine and its esters was normalized following treatment. The high fat diet decreased liver HMG-CoA reductase activity and increased the activities of 7-alpha-hydroxylase and acylcholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). L-Carnitine treatment blunted the magnitude of the diet induced increase in 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, yet overall the activity still remained elevated relative to controls. ACAT activity increased (1.5 times) with the high fat diet and increased further (4.5 times) following carnitine treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synergistic effect of nonspecific immunostimulation and antibiotics in experimental peritonitis.

To assess the role of combined immunomodulator and antibiotic therapy in sepsis, glucan--a beta 1,3 polyglucose--and gentamicin were administered in a model of murine peritonitis. ICR/HSD mice received one of four treatment regimens: 5% dextrose; gentamicin 0.02 mg intramuscularly (sub-MIC) 2 hours before peritonitis; glucan 0.1 mg intraperitoneally 24 hours before peritonitis; combined glucan-gentamicin treatment. All animals were challenged with 1 X 10(8) Escherichia coli intraperitoneally. Long-term survival was significantly enhanced in the combined therapy group (56%, p less than 0.05) when compared with D5W (0%), gentamicin alone (0%), or glucan alone (9%). Macrophage secretory activity, as assayed by interleukin-1 (IL-1) production, was significantly enhanced by combined therapy when compared with the other three treatment groups. Combined therapy significantly reduced E. coli bacteremia at 8 hours after inoculation, when compared with the other three groups. Availability of host neutrophils was assessed by peripheral counts and bone marrow proliferation assay. Combined glucan-gentamicin significantly enhanced bone marrow proliferation when compared with the other three groups and this enhancement correlated with increased circulating neutrophils. Combined immunomodulator and antibiotic therapy had synergistic effects on survival in E. coli peritonitis. This combined therapy enhanced macrophage secretory activity and bone marrow proliferation. Clinical use of immunomodulators may alter conventional use and dosage of antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Familial systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for separate loci controlling C4 deficiency and formation of antibodies to DNA, nRNP, Ro and La.

A family has been identified in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island in which 2 sisters have systemic lupus erythematosus in a sibship of 14. Studies are reported on 11 of the siblings and 16 other family members. The affected siblings, and 4 other members of their sibship, are halfnull homozygotes for the C4A component of complement. We studied the distribution in family members of antibodies to ss and dsDNA, and to Ro(SSA), La(SSB), Sm and nRNP. Eight of 11 members of the affected sibship are antibody producers, compared to only 3 of 13 members of the parental generation. Our study provides further evidence for an association between null genes for C4A and familial lupus, and suggests, in an unusually large kindred, that several other genetic factors are involved in the production of antinuclear antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunopathological characteristics of nasal polyps.

The presence of immunoglobulins in nasal polyps and surrounding mucosa was studied by direct immunofluorescence in 14 patients. Specific and total IgE were determined in polyps and in the sera of this group. Significant immunofluorescence to IgE was demonstrated in 12 polyps but in only four samples of adjacent mucosa. Eight polyps showed significant immunofluorescence to IgM. Six patients had elevated total IgE levels within polyp sac fluid in the absence of elevated serum values. In seven cases, specific IgE was found in polyp sac fluid which could not be detected on skin or serum testing. These results may suggest local production of IgE and support the concept of nasal polyps being a manifestation of a local allergic phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Scleroderma and hemolytic anemia in a patient with deficiency of IgA and C4: a hitherto undescribed association.

We describe a 66-year-old women with CREST variant of scleroderma who developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia responsive to prednisone and demonstrated a deficiency of IgA and the C4 component of complement. This association of clinical, immunologic and genetic findings has not previously been reported. The literature relating to these findings is reviewed and possible mechanisms are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Epidural meperidine analgesia after cardiac surgery.

Epidural meperidine (1 mg X kg-1) was administered for relief of sternal pain to ten patients, at a mean of 24.8 hours after infusion of high dose fentanyl for cardiac surgery. Lung function, cough, pain score, somnolence, respiratory rate, PaCO2, pulse and blood pressure were studied before and for six hours after analgesic administration. Following epidural meperidine, four of ten patients were pain-free, and three had only minimal pain. Duration of analgesia was 8.8 +/- 4.9 hours. Cough score was significantly improved for five hours. Postoperatively vital capacity was approximately 40 per cent, and FEV1 was approximately 55 per cent of the preoperative value. There was no significant change in FEV1 or vital capacity, following analgesia with epidural meperidine. The somnolence score increased in seven patients. In the first two hours after epidural meperidine, three patients exhibited a fall in their respiratory rate, one had a PaCO2 greater than 45, and two of these patients had marked hypotension. These side effects are easily treated without mechanical or pharmacological support, and do not preclude the use of epidural meperidine after a high dose fentanyl anaesthetic.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1986

Clinical utility of the dexamethasone suppression test assessed by plasma and salivary cortisol determinations.

Concentrations of cortisol in saliva and plasma were compared in matched samples during a standard 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test. The study involved 185 routine psychiatric admissions, all of whom were classified according to DSM-III criteria. In a group of 122 matched samples of saliva and plasma, there was a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.867 and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.869. Medication with anticholinergic side effects had little effect on the correlation and was not associated with major difficulties in salivary sampling due to "dry mouth." In a group of 178 diagnoses where both saliva and plasma were obtained, results were almost identical. Although nonsuppression was found in all psychiatric conditions, there was a very significant association with major depressive episode with melancholia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ewing's sarcoma and pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature.

This is the fifth reported case of Ewing's sarcoma in pregnancy. Ewing's sarcoma seems to progress rapidly during pregnancy. Treatment should consist of therapeutic abortion followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery if discovered early in pregnancy. Controversy exists as to the treatment late in pregnancy. Chemotherapy during pregnancy has been suggested, but most authors think all consideration should be given to the fetus. Since maternal prognosis is so poor, the fetus should be taken by cesarean section as soon as pulmonary maturity can be documented by amniocentesis. The mother can then be treated appropriately.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of refined perinatal mortality rate trends to evaluate the effect of a confidential inquiry.

Standardised perinatal mortality rates and cause-specific rates were used to evaluate the effect of a confidential inquiry into perinatal deaths in West Glamorgan obstetric units. Cause of death was classified by means of 5 pathological subgroups, and the denominator data were obtained from the computerised standard child-health system. The standardised perinatal mortality rate fell from 103 in 1981 to 85 in 1983, and the perinatal mortality rate fell from 15.9 to 9.4 per 1000 births in that period; 3 of the cause-specific rates declined considerably. The trend indicates an improvement in antenatal care, obstetric management, resuscitation, and care in special-care baby units. An audit in the form of a confidential inquiry contributes to an improvement in health services and a consequent reduction in perinatal mortality.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Child abuse potential and authoritarianism.

This study examined the relationship between child abuse, as measured by the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, and authoritarianism, as measured by the Public Opinion Scale (POS). The study also attempted to provide convergent and discriminant validity for the CAP abuse factors rigidity and loneliness by correlating these factors with the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) variables order and affiliation, respectively. Group One consisted of 150 undergraduate students. Group Two consisted of 34 adult students from a second site. For the subjects in both groups, a nonsignificant relationship (p greater than .05) between abuse scores and authoritarianism was found. In contrast, in both groups significant relationships (p less than .05) were found between the CAP abuse factor rigidity and authoritarianism. Additional analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship (p less than .05) between the EPPS variable affiliation for Group One, but not for Group Two (p greater than .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

HLA associations in sarcoidosis: a study of two ethnic groups.

We report results of HLA-A, B, C, and DR typing in groups of white Caucasians of English descent and black West Indians of African descent with sarcoidosis. In the English patients we found a significantly increased frequency of Cw7, which was not found in the West Indian patients. Our results also suggest that DR3 and, in particular, inheritance of the B8/Cw7/DR3 haplotype is associated with good prognosis in English patients with sarcoidosis. There was no association between any HLA antigen and prognosis in the West Indian patients in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Studies on the absorption of L-xyloascorbic acid (vitamin C) in young and elderly subjects.

Absorption of ascorbic acid was assessed by measuring its urinary excretion following the administration of a standard dose under pre-determined conditions. The absorption mechanism appeared to be a saturable one and with intakes of up to 1 g over 90 per cent of the subsequent urinary excretion occurred during the first 8 h. Significantly less ascorbic acid was absorbed by elderly persons than by young ones; after a 500 mg dose the mean urinary excretion by nine elderly females (mean age 82.6) was 25 mg and by six young females (mean age 21.8) 245 mg. It is suggested that impaired gastrointestinal absorption is an important factor in the aetiology of low blood concentrations of ascorbic acid in the elderly.

Adult↗