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Biomedical subjects

E Gross

Publications and source records attributed to E Gross.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers.

We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 men (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). Men with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled histamine sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to men with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of allergy (usually allergic rhinitis), but was not related to a family history of allergic disease, total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Modifications in food intake and energy metabolism in rats as a function of chronic naltrexone infusions.

The effects of chronic naltrexone infusions on food intake and energy balance were examined in male rats. Animals were fed either Purina Chow, or chow plus a 32% sucrose solution. After one week of being maintained on these diets, animals were implanted (intrascapularly) with osmotic minipumps infusing either 200 micrograms/kg/hr naltrexone hydrochloride or saline. Sucrose + chow-fed animals exhibited increased O2 consumption, increased CO2 production and an elevation in the respiratory quotient (RQ) relative to chow-fed controls. When infused with naltrexone, sucrose + chow-fed animals decreased food intake and body weight gain. While chow-fed animals also suppressed food intake and body weight gain, these decreases were not as great as those observed in sucrose + chow-fed animals. As a function of naltrexone administration, both chow-fed and sucrose + chow-fed animals altered their metabolism as reflected by decreased RQ and adiposity as determined by skinfold measurements. In addition, sucrose feeding led to a hyperthermia which was reversed by naltrexone infusions. Thus, chronic naltrexone administration depressed appetite, reduced energy production and induced hypothermia in rats. As naltrexone is thought to block the endogenous opioid system, this suggests that the endorphins are involved in the regulation of food intake and thermogenesis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Idiopathic precocious puberty in the chimpanzee: a case report.

A female chimpanzee developed premature sex skin swelling, breast budding, advanced bone age, and moderate estrogen effect of the vaginal cytology. Extensive radiographic and hormonal studies excluded all the known causes of precocious puberty and pseudopuberty, yielding a diagnosis of idiopathic true precocious puberty. To our knowledge this is the first observation of idiopathic true precocious puberty in a chimpanzee.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Ergotamine-induced anal ulcer].

Chronic, extensive anal ulceration following haemorrhoidectomy and excessive application of ergot suppositories was observed in a 61 year old patient, suffering for years. The diagnosis of an anocutaneous ergotism was not arrived at before 10 months, treatment in several hospitals and two operations including a sigmoid colostomy. Complete healing within several weeks ensued from discontinuation of the suppositories. Symptoms, histological features, pathogenesis and therapy are discussed. Two further cases could be observed meanwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An approach to the individualization of cancer therapy--determination of DNA, SH-groups and micronuclei.

Localization and histo-pathology are the basis for the decision, which modality of therapy is used to treat a tumour today. The great variety of biological factors in human tumours is generally largely neglected. The variety of such factors is shown by measuring the DNA content in tumour cell lines, their distribution in the cell generation cycle and the content of bound SH-groups in the cell nuclei. Further the micronuclei which are an expression of cytogenetic damage and which can be used as an indicator of cell loss have been determined. These parameters have been studied in primary and secondary tumours in the brain as well as in rectal adenocarcinoma. It was found that primary brain-tumours had only diploid and tetraploid cell lines while in almost 50 per cent of metastases in the brain and of the rectum adenocarcinoma aneuploid cell lines appeared. These latter cell populations had a higher number of cells in S-phase. The cells in the primary brain-tumours had less micronuclei and appeared as comparatively stable cell lines. Also a difference in the content of nuclear SH-groups could be demonstrated between primary brain-tumours and brain-metastases. In one recurrent tumour, which could be compared with the original tumour, the amount of bound nuclear SH-groups increased by a factor of about 15. In several cases biopsies from adenocarcinoma of the rectum could be studied before and after preoperative radiotherapy. In aneuploid tumours the reduction of the tumour cell line could be demonstrated, at the same time the number of micronuclei increased. However this was not consistent in all investigated cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Artificial mesh as an aid in abdominal wall closure in postoperative peritonitis, postoperative abdominal wall dehiscence and reconstruction of the abdominal wall].

Plastic mesh was utilized for repairing abdominal wall defects and postoperative wound dehiscence. In case of postoperative peritonitis the insertion of mesh without closing the skin provides a decrease of intra-abdominal pressure and an effective drainage of the abdominal cavity. The use of mesh in 27 patients shows the advantage of an absorbable mesh compared with a non-absorbable one.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

The effect of sepsis on the oxidation of carbohydrate and fat.

Oxidative metabolism has been studied by indirect calorimetry in 27 patients with sepsis and in 7 non-septic patients while they were all receiving total parenteral nutrition. Glucose oxidation was reduced in the septic patients and fat oxidation continued despite the infusion of an excess of glucose. The extent of these changes depended on the severity of the septic state as measured by the scoring system described in the preceding paper. The mechanism of these changes is not known. They were not related to an elevation of the plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration. Alterations must have occurred in the way fat was taken up and metabolized by the cells. Here insulin resistance and the highly significant positive relationship found between the plasma cortisol concentration and the sepsis score might be important.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

AA protein-related renal amyloidosis in drug addicts.

Reports of renal amyloidosis occurring among narcotic addicts have been limited, for the most part, to case reports. In a prospective survey of 150 addicts examined at autopsy in the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York, 7 cases of renal amyloidosis were found. Immunohistologic examination demonstrated that in all of the 7 cases, the amyloid was AA protein-related. The amyloid extracted from the kidneys of two addicts and analyzed biochemically did not differ from the AA amyloid secondary to chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases. The combined data of previous reports and the present survey demonstrate that addicts who are subcutaneous users with skin infections most frequently develop amyloidosis. Our data demonstrating renal amyloidosis in 26% of addicts with chronic suppurative skin infections suggest that such addicts are at high risk for the development of amyloidosis.

Adult↗