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Biomedical subjects

E Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to E Friedman.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Disciform degeneration of the macula. II. Pathogenesis.

Of 84 patients with unilateral disciform macular degeneration, 36 were followed up for one to four years (average, 22 months). The fellow eye in 13 cases developed disciform lesions during that follow-up period. A significantly greater number of drusen were found in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral disciform macular degeneration than in the eyes of a comparable control group of patients (P less than .001). Furthermore, the eyes with unilateral disciform macular degeneration that developed disciform lesions in the other eye were characterized as a group by a significantly larger number of drusen than those that did not. We postulate that drusen are precursors of disciform macular degeneration in fellow eyes and are probably manifestations of the same exudative process.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Parachlorophenylalanine reversal of tranylcypromine effects in depressed patients.

Hospitalized bipolar and unipolar endogenously depressed patients who showed an antidepressant response to the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, tranylcypromine sulfate, relapsed (ie, depression returned) when relatively small doses of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were added for brief periods. Considered together with our findings that PCPA similarly reversed the antidepressant effects of the tricyclic drug, imipramine hydrochloride, implications are (1) serotonergic mechanisms are likely involved in the antidepressant effects of both the tricyclic drugs and MAO inhibitors in man and (2) this indolamine may also play a role in the endogenous clinical state of depression.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1976

Proteins of the hepatoma tissue culture cell plasma membrane.

The specificity of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination for the proteins of the hepatoma tissue culture cell plasma membrane was examined by histochemical, biochemical, and cell fractionation techniques. Light microscope autoradiography of sectioned cells shows the incorporated label to be localized primarily at the periphery of the cell. Most of this label can be released from the cell by trypsin but not by collagenase or hyaluronidase. The label is recovered from the cells as either monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine after hydrolysis of cell extracts with a mixture of proteolytic enzymes. The label co-purifies during cell fractionation with an authentic liver cell plasma membrane marker enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase. Thus, the incorporated iodide is itself a valid marker for those membrane polypeptides having tyrosine residues accessible to the lactoperoxidase. The polypeptide complexity of the purified plasma membrane was examined by high resolution dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 50 polypeptides in the membrane are accessible to iodination. These polypeptides probably represent the bulk of the protein mass of the membrane and iodinating them does not affect cell viability, growth rate, or cell function. Labeling experiments with fucose and glucosamine show that at least nine of the iodinated peptides may be glycoproteins.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1976

Blood platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic children and their families. A preliminary study.

In this study monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was measured in blood platelets of 21 individuals (age 2 6/12-19 years) who were diagnosed at preschool age as schizophrenics; MAO activity was not significantly different from that found in normals. An insignificant correlation was found between MAO activity in patients and age; a similar correlation for normals was also insignificant. In a sample of 15 families, no significant correlation between MAO activity of patients and their parents was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Family planning services for persons handicapped by mental retardation.

The National Children's Center, Inc., and Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington joined in organizing a special family planning service for persons handicapped with mental retardation. The limited utilization, despite considerable community recruitment efforts, and the few problems encountered with patients served suggest that handicapped individuals can be seen at lower cost and at greater efficiency in regularly scheduled clinics, provided staff are attuned to their special needs. Informal interviews with residential center and clinic staff, with parents, and with clients confirm the need for (a) strengthening in-service training in sex education and contraception to prepare potential clients for more effective use of family planning services; (b) counseling with parents who place a high priority on training for independent community living but are reluctant to face the sexuality of their dependent offspring; and (c) increasing community awareness of the legitimate needs and rights of hard-to-reach handicapped persons in preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effect of tetrahydrocannabinols on 3H-acetylcholine biosynthesis in various rat brain slices.

The effects of delta8- and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the biosynthesis of 3H-acetylcholine (ACh) from 3H-choline in cortical, hypothalamic and striatal rat brain slices were examined. The two cannabinols were found to inhibit the synthesis of 3H-ACh in the three brain regions. Treatment with cannabidiol did not alter ACh synthesis. Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol was approximately twice as effective as the delta9-isomer. This effect was not associated with alterations in striatal and cortical choline acetyltransferase or with an impaired high-affinity uptake system for choline in the striatum. Treatment with delta8- and delta9-cannabinols, likewise, did not change striatal choline and ACh levels. Antagonism of the ACh biosynthesis inhibition occurred when slices from treated animals were incubated in depolarizing concentration of K+ ion. These results suggest that the inhibition of ACh synthesis observed in tetrahydrocannabinol-treated rats may be related to interference with the propagated action potential or with the depolarization process in cholinergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of tranylcypromine on 5-HT uptake and its interaction with PCPA on rat brain 5-HT.

The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine-treatment in rats receiving chronic treatment with tranylcypromine on brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels was examined. This treatment schedule was similar to that followed in depressed patients undergoing treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor. PCPA completely obviated the elevation in serotonin and further reduced 5-HIAA levels of animals treated chronically with tranylcypromine. These effects correlated with PCPA-induced reversal in the clinical improvement achieved by tranylcypromine. In in vitro studies, tranylcypromine was found to inhibit 5-HT uptake into synaptosomes with a minimal action on the spontaneous release of the amine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Limited form of Wegener granulomatosis. Eye involvement as a major sign.

Bilateral uveitis was the initial manifestation of a limited form of Wegener granulomatosis in a 47-year-old man. Diagnosis was established by biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Subsequently, evidence of lesions developed in the patient's central and peripheral nervous systems, but renal lesions were absent. Pulmonary lesions regressed on therapy with azathioprine and prednisone. Blindness ultimately resulted from retinal phlebitis, vitreous hemorrhages, and neovascular glaucoma.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1975

Morphine-dependent rats: blockade of precipitated abstinence by tetrahydrocannabinol.

Male rats were implanted subcutaneously with a pellet containg 75 milligrams of morphine base or placebo, and naloxone hydrochloride (4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) was administered 72 hours later. Treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (2, 5, or 10 milligrams per kilogram) 1 hour before maloxone administration significantly reduced the intensity of abstinence; the two higher doses blocked the appearance of wet shakes and escapes, diarrhea, and increased defecation. delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol did not induce abstinence itself, and prior treatment with cannabidiol was ineffective in reducing naloxoneprecipitated abstinence in animals with morphine pellets. These data suggest that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may be of value in facilitating narcotic detoxification.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Early life undernutrition and aggression in two mouse strains.

Early undernutrition was shown to be correlated with increased aggression in adult mice after isolation. This was significant in numbers of fights and shorter latency to fight in the DBA/2J strain. Lower 5HIAA in the brain after pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor was found in the undernourished group.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

Cardiovascular actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) in the cat.

The cardiovascular effects of the psychotomimetic DOM were investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. DOM (1,2 and 4 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a rise in mean blood pressure accompanied by bradycardia. DOM (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.v.) also produced a contraction of the decentralized nictitating membrane. The duration of the pressor response to DOM was reduced in magnitude and duration by hexamethonium, by spinal section plus vagotomy, and by carotid sinus denervation plus vagotomy. Ventricular--cisternal perfusion of 20 mug DOM resulted in a slow developing hypertensive response. Methylsergid significantly attenuated the pressor response and the contraction of the nictitating membrane induced by i.v. DOM administration. The pressor response to DOM was not altered by phentolamine, propranolol or atropine and vagotomy. Bradycardia induced by DOM was antagonized by carotid sinus denervation plus vagotomy, hexamethonium, spinal sectioning plus vagotomy, and propranolol. Bradycardia induced by DOM is therefore a result of a reflex response to increased blood pressure. The present data thus indicate that the pressor response to DOM consists of two compents: a direct vascular effect mediated via the stimulation of serotonergic receptors; and a second pressor effect, mediated by the central nervous system.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗