Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Eriksson.
A prospective double blind study using Varidase or Trypure on 2nd degree local burns in 18 patients was performed. No difference in cleaning or healing effect was revealed. In 6 out of 11 Trypure-treated and 1 out of 12 Varidase-treated patients treatment had to be discontinued because of intolerable pain. This difference was statistically significant.
The specificity of complement-fixing, cytotoxic antibodies against the YAC lymphoma in sera of normal young adult (A X C57BL)F1 mice was studied. In vivo-maintained, immunoselected sublines of the YAC lymphoma expressed low amounts of the natural antibody (NAb) target structure. These cell lines were also resistant to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. After 2-3 weeks of in vitro culture the immunoselected cell lines became NK sensitive, but they remained resistant to NAb. When several independently derived variants selected for low NK sensitivity were tested for their ability to absorb NAb, the degree of absorption varied considerably among the variants. NAb could be inhibited by purified C-type virus particles and also by bacterial sonicates and various glycoprotein preparations. Treatment of target cells with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of asparagine-linked glycosylation, decreased the sensitivity to NAb lysis but had no impact on NK sensitivity. Thus the results indicated that a) NAb and NK cells recognized separate target structures and b) the target structure(s) for NAb but not for NK cells were saccharides of the N-glycosidic type.
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Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma was separated from inhibitors by adsorption on lysine-Sepharose. It was then determined indirectly by measuring the plasmin generated from plasminogen with poly-lysine as stimulator, in a chromogenic, parabolic rate assay. The reaction proceeded with tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin(ogen) adsorbed on the gel, and followed the kinetics described for similar parabolic rate assays in soluble systems. The assay was standardized against melanoma plasminogen activator (m-PA) and had the sensitivity range of 0.001-0.020 IU (4-80 pg). Anti-m-PA IgG quenched the activity generated in plasma on venous occlusion and part of the activity in pre-occlusion plasma. The method was sensitive to purified urokinase. The basic plasma values in resting normal individuals were: mean 0.08, range 0.01-0.26 X 10(3) IU/l (n = 19), and after 20 min of venous occlusion: mean 2.48, range 0.24-4.34 X 10(3) IU/l (n = 10). The assay correlates well with a fibrin plate method, r = 0.96.
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Thirty-eight consecutive patients were treated with either vulvectomy (14) or in combination with groin dissection (24) according to the same treatment protocol. The crude 5-year survival was 50% and the corrected 5-year survival was 66%. Three patients died postoperatively. Endophytic tumor, poor degree of differentiation, and involvement of lymph nodes resulted in higher mortalities. No patient with involvement of deep inguinal or pelvic nodes could be cured. The study concludes that invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the clitoris should be treated, in the same was as the same tumor in other areas of the vulva, with radical surgery.
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated as an adjuvant in the therapy of thermal burns. One of the positive effects was reported to be a decrease in fluid requirements. The effect of HBO on oedema formation was evaluated in the burned area and in distant areas. Fifty-four mice were used in a standardized scald burn model, burning their left ear. Biopsies were taken from the left and right ear and from the quadriceps muscle 2, 6 and 24 hours after burn. Half of the group was treated with HBO immediately after burn. In the burned HBO treated group the oedema of the burned ear was not significantly different from that of burned untreated mice. With HBO treatment the water content in the contralateral ear was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower and in these animals the water content of the contralateral uninjured ear was not significantly different from that of uninjured untreated animals. In the burned HBO treated animals there was a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower water content of the quadriceps muscle 2 and 24 hours after burn compared to the burned untreated animals. This experimental study indicates a significant reduction of the general post-burn oedema with a HBO treatment.
Intramuscular pressures were measured in 12 patients with symptoms of medial tibial syndrome and in 12 patients with chronic anterior compartment syndrome. Measurements were performed with the wick catheter technique simultaneously in the deep posterior and the anterior tibial muscle compartments before, during, and after exercise. In the deep posterior compartment there was no pressure increase during or after exercise as compared to controls in either patient group. However, a significant pressure increase was present in the anterior tibial compartment during and after exercise in the patients with chronic anterior compartment syndrome as compared to normal resting values. The medial tibial syndrome patients demonstrated in the anterior tibial muscle compartment, exercise and post-exercise pressures, which were between those of the healthy controls and the chronic anterior compartment syndrome patients. The so-caLled medial tibial syndrome is probably not a compartment syndrome in the deep posterior muscle compartment. Intramuscular pressure measurement is a valuable tool in diagnosing a chronic compartment syndrome and in selecting patients in whom fasciotomy of the affected compartment is indicated.
Radical removal of a chondrosarcoma resulted in a very large full-thickness defect of the anterior chest wall, including the body of the sternum and adjacent parts of the ribs on both sides. The defect was closed with a double layer of Marlex mesh supported by metal bars bridging the gaps between the ends of resected ribs. This prosthesis was covered with bilateral latissimus dorsi muscle flaps and a split-thickness skin graft. The result, from both the functional and the cosmetic points of view, was excellent. The method permits closure of very large chest wall defects, enabling extensive radical removal of malignant tumours to prevent local recurrence.
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Long-term follow-up evaluation of a large number of patients who had undergone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was performed. Of these patients, 87 were treated by reconstruction with the medial one third of the medial patellar tendon, and they were examined a mean of 7.9 years after surgery. All patients were extensively evaluated and examined by standard clinical techniques and a machine specifically designed to quantify primary laxity during the anterior drawer and Lachman tests. Seventy-one percent of the patients were satisfied with the results, and 69% had good to excellent results by the authors' subjective functional criteria. Patients who had the least motion and the best check or end points to the Lachman and anterior drawer tests had the best functional results. Only ten of the 27 unsatisfactory results occurred because of complete failure of the graft. Arthrosis and parapatellar pain were the most frequently observed contributing factors to failure in the presence of a clinically intact ligament (11 instances each).
The value of the determination of the DNA content of tumor cells for the assessment of the prognosis of mammary adenocarcinoma was studied in 36 patients, who survived for at least 15 years after the cancer had been found and in another 42 patients who died within a 2-year period of diagnosis. The results show a distinct correlation between the type of the DNA histograms of the carcinoma and the grade of cancer. This correlation was particularly apparent among patients surviving for at least 15 years despite the occurrence of metastases or relapses after primary treatment, i.e., in patients not cured by their first treatment.
To investigate the possible influence of steroid hormones on the back muscles of scoliotic patients, steroid receptors, protein, and DNA were analyzed in muscle from 20 patients of both sexes, at different ages, and with different clinical diagnoses. Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, but no estrogen receptors, were found. The androgen and glucocorticoid receptors had binding characteristics similar to those of corresponding receptors in other mammalian skeletal muscle, including that of humans. Whereas the concentration of androgen receptors was similar on both sides of the curve, the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors per gram of tissue (wet weight) was higher on the convex side. There were no side differences in steroid receptor content when measured per milligram of protein or per milligram of DNA. The concentrations of protein and DNA were higher on the convex than on the concave side and resulted in lower protein/DNA ratios on the former side indicating smaller "cell units" in muscle on the convex side. These data suggest that the side differences in scoliotic erector spinae muscle for these growth parameters can be secondary to the reported different distribution of fiber types on both sides, but they can also be due to a difference in growth of the muscle cells on the two sides.
The mechanism of action of steroid hormones in target tissues include the binding of the steroid molecule to specific receptors in the cytoplasm. Steroid receptors may therefore be regarded as mediators of hormone action. The presence of such receptors in tissues reflects their hormone-sensitivity and the receptor levels are indicative of the relative potential for a direct hormonal action on the tissue in question. Using 3H-labeled synthetic ligands and a charcoal adsorption assay, the presence of specific androgen, glucocorticoid and estrogen (in rabbits only) receptors was demonstrated in human and rabbit skeletal muscle cytosol. These tissues can therefore be regarded as targets for these steroids. Scatchard analysis was then used to quantitate the receptors in muscle in different conditions. In back muscle of scoliotic patients, the concentrations of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were similar on the convex and concave sides, except the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors (per g of wet weight), which was higher on the convex side. The tissue concentration (per g of wet weight) of glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors (but not of androgen receptor) was higher in rabbit soleus (slow-twitch) muscle than in the gastrocnemius/plantaris (fast-twitch) muscle complex. When the concentrations were related to the number of nuclei (i.e. expressed per mg of DNA), however, only the estrogen receptor concentration differed between the muscles (higher in soleus). Muscle atrophy in rabbit gastrocnemius muscle was induced by tenotomy or denervation and led to similar changes with an increase with time in androgen and glucocorticoid receptor levels (expressed per g of wet weight or per mg of protein) and a concomitant loss of muscle weight and protein. The total muscle content of receptors or the receptor concentration expressed per mg of DNA were also increased, but to a lesser extent. Synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroids can act directly on skeletal muscle in view of their capacity to bind to the androgen receptor as shown in the present study. Relative binding affinities of anabolic-androgenic steroids to the androgen receptor were similar in rabbit and rat skeletal muscle and in rat prostate. The protein/DNA ratio in the muscle samples was used as an estimation of the size of the "functional DNA-unit". The results indicate that slow-twitch fibers have smaller "DNA units", but also that muscle atrophy causes a decrease of the size of the "DNA unit".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP) is a novel compound existing in two enantiomers which, as judged by recent biochemical and behavioural studies, both have clearcut though differential effects on central dopamine (DA) receptors. Thus, while both enantiomers act in low doses as agonists preferentially on autoreceptors, in higher doses the (+)-form is an agonist also postsynaptically while the (-)-form acts as an antagonist on postsynaptic DA receptors in the striatum and in the limbic system. In the present study both enantiomers were evaluated with respect to their effects on pituitary DA receptors involved in prolactin release. In previously untreated rats, no increase in prolactin release was observed after administration of either enantiomer in low or high doses. The lack of effect of high doses of the (-)-form indicates that DA receptors on the lactotrophs are pharmacologically different from postsynaptic DA receptors in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems. The finding that both enantiomers exerted a dose-dependent prolactin suppressive effect in reserpine-pretreated animals suggests instead that DA receptors on the lactotrophs are pharmacologically similar to DA autoreceptors in the brain. The effect of both 3-PPP enantiomers on prolactin release in reserpine-pretreated animals was antagonized by haloperidol, sulpiride and metoclopramide while pimozide and clozapine appeared less active. This finding is discussed with respect to possible selectivity on pre- vs. postsynaptic DA receptors for various antagonists.
Human mitomycin C-treated PBL were mixed with cells of an NK sensitive hybrid cell line (PUTKO-I). A fraction of tumor cells survived this treatment and could be recovered from the cultures. These surviving cells were completely NK-resistant and this property persisted for 2-3 weeks after cultivation in fresh medium. Treatment of a clone (C13) of PUTKO-I with PBL-PUTKO mixed lymphocyte-tumor-cell culture (MLTC) supernatants resulted in a marked reduction in NK sensitivity after 8-12 h of treatment. The kinetics of induction of NK resistance by MLTC supernatants was similar to that of purified IFN-gamma and was faster than for IFN-alpha. The active component in the supernatants was characterized as a mixture of IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha based on neutralization of activity with specific antisera. The role of mycoplasma contamination was investigated and it was found that cell lines free of detectable mycoplasma stimulated production of NK-protective activity by PBL and this activity was neutralized by anti-IFN-gamma serum. Separation of PBL on discontinuous Percoll gradients demonstrated a correlation between the NK activity of cell fractions and their ability to produce IFN in response to tumor cells. Taken together, the selection-dependent variations in NK sensitivity, the kinetics of IFN production and induction of resistance suggest that tumor cells may be able to escape elimination by NK cells due to protection by IFN produced by the effector-cell-containing population.
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