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Biomedical subjects

E Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to E Eriksson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Muscle fiber type changes in human skeletal muscle after injuries and immobilization.

Eight athletes operated on for knee injuries were followed with muscle biopsies before and at various intervals after surgery and immobilization. A statistically significant change of the muscle fiber distribution was found. The percentage type I fibers dropped from an average of 54% to 43%. One competitive cross-country skier showed a dramatic drop from 81% type I fibers at surgery to 58% type I fibers six weeks later. After beginning training he returned to 85% type I fibers. One athlete who had been operated and immobilized for long periods several times showed a drastic difference in fiber type distribution between his two thighs with 20% type I fibers in the injured leg and 69% type I fibers in his uninjured leg. After three years of training his fiber type composition in the injured leg returned toward the fiber type distribution of the uninjured thigh. It is evident that muscle fiber type composition can change. The most probable reason for this is that the drastic change from hard sports training to nearly complete immobilization influences both the muscle itself and its innervation and causes this change of fiber types.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1986

Knee arthroscopy with local anesthesia in ambulatory patients. Methods, results and patient compliance.

Knee arthroscopy in locally anesthetized ambulatory patients has been performed by filling the knee joint with 50 ml to 60 ml of 0.5% prilocaine, with adrenaline and with additional local infiltration at the sites of puncture. During the arthroscopic procedure the joint cavity is further distended with a mixture of the same local anesthetic diluted 1:10 with physiological saline or Ringer's acetate. During a normal arthroscopy of the knee joint about 500 mg of the local anesthetic is used. In 17 patients the blood concentrations of the local anesthetic used was measured 2.5 min to 135 min after instillation. The highest plasma levels found (after 60 min to 120 min) were still 10 to 15 times lower than an acceptable upper plasma level. These low blood levels probably depend on a slow absorption and that a considerable amount of the local anesthetic is washed out after the arthroscopy. A questionnaire was sent to 278 patients who during a two year period had undergone arthroscopy as an outpatient procedure. The degree of satisfaction for the anesthetic procedure was highest for general anesthesia where 97% were completely satisfied. Sixty-four percent were satisfied when given spinal anesthesia. However, 11% had to be put to sleep due to insufficient spinal block and 12% had headaches more than one day after outpatient spinal anesthesia. Seventy-seven percent were satisfied with local anesthesia. There was no statistical difference between the degree of satisfaction after local or spinal anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Randomized trial of oral naproxen or local injection of betamethasone in lateral epicondylitis of the humerus.

A randomized pilot study, comparing oral naproxen and a single betamethasone injection, was carried out in 21 patients suffering from lateral epicondylitis of the humerus ("tennis elbow"). The naproxen dosage was 250 mg per day for two weeks. Six milligrams of betamethasone in a long-acting form was given as a local injection. To achieve "blindness," the patients receiving naproxen were also given an injection of saline into the area of maximal tenderness at the epicondyle, while the patients getting the betamethasone-injection were given oral placebo tablets. At a clinical control after two weeks, five of the ten patients receiving naproxen and five of the 11 patients receiving betamethasone injection were improved. Thus, no apparent difference in effect could be noted at an evaluation after two weeks' treatment. No significant side effects were noted with any of the treatments.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Immediate or delayed Küntscher-rodding of femoral shaft fractures.

Early rodding of femoral fractures is preferable from an intensive care point of view. It has, however, been claimed that early rodding leads to impaired healing of the fractures. Healing time and complications in 20 fractures of the femur operated with Küntscher rods within 12 hours after injury were therefore compared with 47 fractures treated with traction for ten days and then Küntscher-rodding. No significant differences in results were found between the two groups concerning complications, but the acutely operated individuals returned to work on an average of two months earlier than the delayed group. If proper shock treatment is given and concomitant injuries with higher priority are treated first, early Küntscher-rodding does not seem to impair the healing of femoral fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Stalked patellar tendon graft in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A careful description of the surgical technique in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate using the medial third of the patellar tendon is given. It is pointed out that it is a technical advantage if the drill hole for the patellar tendon enters the knee joint into or just behind the remnants of the normal anterior cruciate ligament. It is also emphasized how important it is that the ligament is anchored to its normal anatomic insertion far back posterolaterally. With the technique suggested about 90% stable knees can be expected at an early follow up. The most common complication was an extension lag and recommendations for how this should be treated are given.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament.

Presented is a three to eight year follow up of reefing of the posterior cruciate in 20 cases, and reconstruction of the posterior cruciate with a patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon flap as a "reversed Jones' procedure" in 10 cases. Using the reefing procedure, there were six excellent results, ten acceptable, and four poor results. The reconstruction resulted in no excellent results, six acceptable, and four unchanged. Further improvements in present techniques are necessary before satisfactory results following reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament can be routinely expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Injuries in Swedish elite basketball.

All Swedish male and female elite basketball players were interviewed concerning their injuries during 1981/1982. Fifty-eight percent of the male and 62% of the female players reported injuries. The injury frequency was 2.5 injuries/1,000 activity-hours in male and 2.85 injuries/1,000 hours of activity in female players. This corresponds to 8.6 injuries/male team/season and 7.5 injuries/female team/season. An ankle twist was the most common injury (52%) while a knee injury was involved in 18%. Prophylactic orthoses for knee and ankle are suggested.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1986

Postoperative TENS pain relief after knee surgery: objective evaluation.

A comparison was made between the pain-relieving effect of placebo-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), high frequency TENS, and epidural analgesia with dilute local anesthetics in 15 patients with open knee surgery. Assessment of pain was compared with the patients' ability to contract their quadriceps muscle; the ability was measured with integrated EMG (IEMG) before and after the different treatments. The results showed that placebo-TENS had no significant effect on either pain perception or on IEMG. High frequency TENS given for 15 min to 20 min decreased pain perception by 50% at rest and by 11% after quadriceps contraction. High frequency TENS increased muscle contraction ability by 305%, compared with the initial contraction before treatment. Epidural injection of a dilute local anesthetic decreased pain perception by 90% at rest and by 67% after contraction, and increased muscle contraction ability by 1,846%. TENS undoubtedly has a place in the postoperative pain treatment, although its effect is not as strong as that of epidural analgesia with local anesthetics. TENS, however, is easy to administer, lacks side effects, and can be administered by the patients themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reduction of pain inhibition on voluntary muscle activation by epidural analgesia.

The influence of postoperative pain on muscle function, and the possible effect of local anesthetics on the normal muscle function are discussed. The integrated EMG (IEMG) during maximum voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle was registered in ten patients the day after undergoing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Recordings were taken before, 5, 12, and 20 min to 25 min after epidural injection of 20 ml of 0.25% lidocaine with adrenaline (2.5 micrograms/ml). As pain gradually subsided, IEMG increased a mean of 2,728% 20 min to 25 min after injection (range 425% to 10,068%), compared to initial recordings before anesthesia. This indicates that pain relief plays a significant role in the ability to normally activate the quadriceps muscle after open knee surgery. Neither the Hoffman (H-)reflex, nor maximum voluntary isokinetic muscle torque was appreciably affected by epidural injection of dilute local anesthetics, as tested on two healthy volunteers. Infiltrations of local anesthetics into the distal part of the quadriceps muscle did not affect maximum voluntary isokinetic knee extension torque. From the experiments performed we conclude that it is possible to selectively block pain by injections of local anesthetics into the epidural space, without interfering with normal muscle function. It might thus be possible to prevent some of the postoperative muscle atrophy by using a continuous epidural analgesia for two to three days following surgery, and starting an early active physical therapy program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of quadriceps wasting after immobilization: an evaluation of the effect of electrical stimulation.

Eighteen male and 20 female patients who underwent reconstruction of their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with a flap from the patellar tendon were randomly assigned into either closed cast, isometric muscle training and electric stimulation (ES group), or closed cast and isometric training alone (control group). The degree of quadriceps wasting was determined from computerized tomographic scans (CT) before and 6 weeks after surgery. Electrical stimulation was given with a battery operated stimulator that produced a rectangular asymmetric balanced biphasic pulse shape. The pulse rate was 40 Hz and the pulse width 300 microseconds. Patients received 30 min of stimulation three times daily during 5.5 weeks. Female control patients showed a larger decrease in quadriceps area on CT than male control patients (P less than .001). No significant difference was found between male electrically stimulated patients and control patients. In female patients, there was on the contrary, a highly significant difference in favor of electrical stimulation (P less than .001) When the different parts of the quadriceps were studied, a significantly lower degree of atrophy of the vastus medialis was found after electrical stimulation. Vastus lateralis did not show any difference. Measurements of CT attenuation, pre- and post-operatively, showed a decrease in attenuation of 17% for the vastus medialis and lateralis of the operated leg after immobilization, indicating an increase in fat content. In the rectus femoris, however, there was an increase in attenuation of 14.6%. Percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis obtained before, one week after, and 6 weeks after surgery revealed that the cross-sectional area of the individual muscle fibers decreased less in the electrically stimulated than in controls, but the difference was not significant. There were no differences between the two groups in the activity of an oxidative enzyme, citrate synthase, or a glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PFK). We conclude that females reacted more favorably than males to electrical stimulation of quadriceps during an immobilization period after knee surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Management of the burn wound.

Thermal injury sets off a chain of pathophysiologic events that evolve into the problems encountered in management of the burn wound. This article reviews those events and presents a method of caring for wounds sustained from thermal injury.

Bandages↗
PubMed1985

Estradiol increases growth hormone secretion in rats exposed to swimming stress or reserpine treatment.

The secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) in female rats differs from that in males with respect to e.g. the inter-peak baseline levels being higher in females. In the present study the influence of sex steroids on plasma GH levels was investigated in male rats under various conditions. Administration of estradiol, but not testosterone, was found to increase GH release in rats with suppressed levels induced by exposure to swimming stress or by treatment with the monoamine depleting agent reserpine. In line with previous studies, administration of estradiol was found to increase also inter-peak GH levels in adult male rats; i.e. to cause a feminization of the secretory pattern. In stressed and in reserpinized animals as well as in normal male rats, the effect of estradiol is similar to that earlier demonstrated for somatostatin antiserum, and hence it is suggested that estradiol may act antagonistic to the GH inhibiting factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The putative dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 decreases nigral dopamine cell firing rate and prolactin release in rat.

Recent behavioural and biochemical investigations have suggested that the alpha-2 receptor agonist B-HT 920 is also a centrally acting dopamine (DA) agonist with a selectivity for autoreceptors. It is presently demonstrated that B-HT 920, in contrast to the structurally related alpha-2 agonist B-HT 933, effectively reduces the firing rate of nigral DA neurons both after intravenous and microiontophoretic administration. Furthermore, B-HT 920, but not B-HT 933, decreases plasma levels of prolactin in reserpine pretreated rats. The electrophysiological as well as the neuroendocrine effects of the drug were antagonised by DA antagonists but not by alpha-2 receptor antagonists. The data support the contention that B-HT 920 acts as an agonist at central DA autoreceptors. Furthermore, they reinforce the hypothesis that lactotroph DA receptors are more similar to DA autoreceptors than to postsynaptic DA receptors in the brain.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Rat brain serotonin: biochemical and functional evidence for a sex difference.

Male and female rats were compared with respect to brain serotonin (5-HT) levels, synthetic capacity, receptor sensitivity, and CNS functions. Levels of whole brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were higher in females. The accumulation of 5-HT after treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline alone and in combination with the 5-HT precursor L-tryptophan was greater in females than in males. 5-HT increased and 5-HIAA decreased to the same extent in both sexes after administration of the 5-HT agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). The temperature fall after all drug treatments was greater in females, but the "5-HT behavioural syndrome" was more pronounced in females merely after pargyline plus tryptophan; the behavioural response after 8-OH-DPAT did not differ between the sexes. These results are indicative of sex differences in the brain 5-HT neuronal systems. They are discussed in relation to differences between males and females in sexual behaviour, aggression and affective disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of different cooling temperatures and immersion fluids on post-burn oedema and survival of the partially scalded hairy mouse ear.

One ear of NMRI hairy mice was first scalded and then immediately immersed in cold water or saline at 8 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C or 30 degrees C for a period of 30 min in order to study oedema formation and the therapeutic effect at 4 days. Oedema was determined by wet-dry weight measurements of punch biopsies from the ear and expressed as an increase in tissue water content. The therapeutic effects at 4 days were determined by observing the survival of the ear; the area of necrosis was expressed in per cent of the total area of the ear. Significant oedema was found in all scalded ears. A partial (15 per cent) dry necrosis of the untreated burned ear had developed within 4 days. Cooling in 8 degrees C water or saline for 30 min post-burn significantly reduced oedema in this model as determined 2h post-burn. However, 4 days post-burn all cooled ears showed a 15 per cent necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of hyperthyroidism with standard doses of radioiodine aiming at ablation.

Sixty patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with standard doses of 131I during 1969-83 in our department. The doses were 10-25 mCi (370-920 MBq), mostly 15 mCi (550 MBq). 38 of the patients have become hypothyroid, mostly within one year after treatment. There were 3 early relapses of hyperthyroidism; these patients became hypothyroid within one year after an additional dose of radioiodine. All hypothyroid patients had early substitution with l-thyroxine before overt clinical symptoms and signs had developed. There were no late relapses of hyperthyroidism. 15 patients had died during the follow-up; all were euthyroid or hypothyroid with adequate substitution. 28 of the 60 patients have been followed for 5-14 years, 14 for 2-5 years, 7 for 1-2 years and 10 for less than one year. Standard dose 131I treatment offers certain advantages compared with attempted individualized treatment. Late hypothyroidism after individualized dosage may be difficult to anticipate and detect, whereas early hypothyroidism after ablative standard dose treatment is easy to detect and control. Generally speaking, hypothyroidism is not to be regarded as a complication of radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism, but as its natural end result. The fixed dose schedule is especially well suited for regions where hyperthyroidism with no goitre or a small goitre is common.

Adult↗