Biomedical subjects
E Bauer
Publications and source records attributed to E Bauer.
[The blood pressure-regulating role of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension before and after emotional stress].
The aim of the study was to prove the correlations between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and plasma renin activity (PRA) under mental arithmetic stress without and with beta-blockade. 22 male hypertensive patients (aged 19-39 years) were examined, divided into a group treated with d, 1-propranolol (Obsidan) and a control group receiving placebo. Under arithmetic stress the kinetics of systolic BP showed no differences even after beta-blockade. In contrast, the increases of HR and PRA before, during and after mental arithmetic were either significantly reduced (HR) or completely blocked (PRA) under beta-blockade. However, these suppressions of HR and PRA did not prevent the stress-induced elevations of systolic and diastolic BP under beta-blockade.
[Primary immediate coverage of decubitus ulcers by musculocutaneous flaps and gentamicin PMMA beads].
Myo- or fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of longstanding pressure sores in para- or quadriplegic patients have been proved superior to cutaneous flaps. Pretreatment with ulcer-debridement and systemic antibiotics for urinary-tract-infection and septicaemia was thought to be necessary for successful closure of these difficult defects. In a prospective, clinical trial 17 patients with 20 pressure sores were treated this way during 1980-1983. From 1983-1985 no local or antibiotic treatment was given to a second group of 20 patients with 28 decubitus ulcers prior to a one-stage-closure of the pressure sores. Only five patients with septicaemia above 39 degrees C received antibiotics intraoperatively. Gentamicin-PMMA-beads were temporarily inserted under the myo- or fasciocutaneous flaps during the procedure. If necessary, urinary-tract-infection was treated after successful coverage. Both groups have been compared historically. There were less wound complications in the second group while a median time-saving of 2 1/2 weeks per patient could be gained, even though they had larger pressure sores, frequent bone involvement, and multiple ulcers in this group.
Structure and growth of crystalline superlattices: From monolayer to superlattice.
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PUVA therapy damages psoriatic and normal lymphoid cells within milliseconds.
Results of previous investigations have indicated that photochemotherapy (PUVA) attacks membranes of target cells. Using the combination of a stopped-flow technique and laser irradiation we were able to prove that the fast PUVA effect is explainable solely by the membrane damage. Lymphoid cells of healthy persons or psoriatics were taken, within 1 ms mixed with 8-methoxy-psoralen (8-MOP) at concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, and 0.5 microgram/ml, and then irradiated by a 337-nm laser pulse (0.5 mJ/cm2) lasting some picoseconds. Approximately 1 ms after administration of 8-MOP to the cell surface at least 10% of the cells were damaged, as could be judged using the standard trypan blue exclusion test. This happened at 8-MOP concentrations of 1.0 or 0.1 microgram/ml plus laser irradiation, but a concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml 8-MOP plus laser exposure did not cause any effect within 8 ms after mixing. There was no difference between using lymphoid cells from healthy persons or from psoriatics. The fact that only a very short time is necessary before cell damage occurs means that, as far as the fast PUVA effect is concerned, a photochemical reaction involving nuclear DNA can be discounted.
Molecular cloning and sequence determination of the genomic regions encoding protease and genome-linked protein of three picornaviruses.
To investigate the degree of similarity between picornavirus proteases, we cloned the genomic cDNAs of an enterovirus, echovirus 9 (strain Barty), and two rhinoviruses, serotypes 1A and 14LP, and determined the nucleotide sequence of the region which, by analogy to poliovirus, encodes the protease. The nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the genome-linked protein VPg, immediately adjacent to the protease, was also determined. Comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with other available picornavirus sequences showed remarkable homology in proteases and among VPgs. Three highly conserved peptide regions were identified in the protease; one of these is specific for human picornaviruses and has no obvious counterpart in encephalomyocarditis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, or cowpea mosaic virus proteases. Within the other two peptide regions two conserved amino acids, Cys 147 and His 161, could be the reactive residues of the active site. We used a statistical method to predict certain features of the secondary structures, such as alpha helices, beta sheets, and turns, and found many of these conformations to be conserved. The hydropathy profiles of the compared proteases were also strikingly similar. Thus, the proteases of human picornaviruses very probably have a similar three-dimensional structure.
The trans-cis isomerization of trans-4'-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromo-benzylamino)cyclohexanol in vivo and in vitro in different species.
Isomerization of trans-4'-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromo-benzylamino)cyclohexanol (HDBC) in vivo has been investigated in horse, cow, dog, rat and man. Following oral administration of 4'-trans-HDBC to the horse, a very efficient first-pass trans-cis isomerization was observed. In the urine of the horse and cow, 40% and 29% respectively of the conjugated alcohols consisted of the 4'-cis isomer. Isomerization in rat and dog took place only to a small extent, and in man no 4'-cis isomer was detected. Oxidation of HDBC to the corresponding ketone, at pH 9.0, was highest with horse- and rat-liver 10 000 g supernatants and lowest with dog-liver supernatant. Reduction of the ketone with 10 000 g liver supernatants and with cryst. horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase led to the formation of the alcohol containing 42-69% as the 4'-cis isomer, whereas after reduction with NaBH4 the alcohol contained only 20% of the 4'-cis isomer. This indicates that the conformer with the lower energy (1' and 4' position equatorially substituted) preferentially formed only during chemical reduction. A correlation between the formation of the ketone in vitro and the formation of 4'-cis-HDBC in vivo was observed in the horse, cow and dog. No similar correlation was found in the rat, where a high in vivo trans-cis isomerization might have been expected from the in vitro data.
[Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of hypertension immediately following kidney transplantation].
To investigate pathomechanisms of the hypertension originating immediately after kidney transplantation, acute model studies were performed on binephrectomised hypertensive dogs receiving a cold-stored autograft. Comparative determinations of freely circulating renin-angiotensin und catecholamines were made after transplantation of canine and human kidneys, showing a corresponding post-anastomotic increase in plasma levels. For estimation of the vascular contractile response to the high plasma transmitter concentrations, antagonists having different pharmacological characteristics were infused in the dogs. It was found that immediately after transplantation the kidney's vasopressor system had only a moderate impact on increase in systemic and renal resistance. Using inhibitors of central sympathetic activities, also a moderate decline in blood pressure was observed, but it unfortunately led to a decrease in renal blood flow and filtration. The direct vasodilatatoric stimulation of vascular smooth muscle had no hemodynamic effects. However, the peripheral alpha-adrenergic blockade induced a marked decrease in blood pressure as well as an almost complete normalization of the elevated arteriolar tone of the graft associated with an increase in glomerular filtration. The suppression of vascular alpha-adrenergic stimulation was likewise attainable by inhibition of the neuro-muscular transmission due to calcium channel blockade. The results suggest that sympathetic vasoconstriction plays the major role in producing this type of posttransplant hypertension.
Correlation between the results of carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) test and the clinical stage of colorectal carcinoma.
Correlation between results of CEA test and clinical stage of colorectal carcinoma is described. No correlation was found between the different stages and the actual CEA titre. Normalization of an increased preoperative serum CEA level indicated, however, nearly always the radical character of the intervention. Critically high (above 30 ng/per ml) CEA value observed in Dukes' stages C and D can be considered bad prognostic signs. Patients like these died within one year. Results of CEA tests are also useful complementary data contributing to the diagnosis of recurrence or distant metastases.
[Local and transcutaneous pharmacotherapy. Pharmacokinetic principles and clinical evaluation].
The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic postulates and preconditions for the various kinds of pharmaco-therapy (topical, systemic and transcutaneous) are presented. Taking into consideration mathematical and physical principles as well as anatomical and physiological factors, the possibilities for influencing the flow of drugs into and through the skin are described (choice of vehicle and concentrations, permeation enhancers). In the clinical part of the study, it is shown that following these guidelines can lead to new forms of therapy and to safer application of drugs and cosmetics.
Experimental evidence for surface roughening in two dimensions.
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The traM gene of the resistance plasmid R1: comparison with the corresponding sequence of the Escherichia coli F factor.
The 7.7-kb EcoRI fragment of the resistance plasmid R1 contains the gene for the TraM protein. The sequence was identified by the presence of an open reading frame (ORF) which is preceded upstream by two promoter sequences. Both these promoters were found to be active, although the more distant one predominates, as was judged by the relative abundance of mRNA of the expected length. The TraM protein could be synthesized in an in vitro DNA-dependent protein synthesis system if the DNA of the corresponding region was supplied as template. Comparison of the traM genes of R1 and the F factor showed a high degree of similarity, although a number of mutations, especially near the 5' terminus, introduce specific amino acid (aa) changes. Two-thirds of the 3' sequences differ mainly in silent mutations; hence the aa sequence of the corresponding carboxy-terminal portion of the protein is highly conserved. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the mRNAs show little homology. One of the promoter regions, the ribosome-binding sequences, and the transcription termination sites are located at comparable positions but differ in details.
[A new questionnaire for the detection of causes of lung and respiratory tract diseases].
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[Quantitative aspects of the percutaneous uptake of wool wax alcohols (cetyl alcohol) and paraffins (octadecane) from different ointment bases].
Since topical vehicles are partly responsible for the effects of active agents--both the wanted and the unwanted effects--attempt was made to obtain quantitative data on the possible penetration of cetyl alcohol contained in an aqueous hydrophilie cream (DAB 8) and in a wool fat alcohol ointment (lanoline) (DAB 8). Also the behaviour of the long-chained hydrocarbon, paraffin (octadecan), in these vehicles and in petrolatum (DAB 8) was studied. We found that the emulsifying agent in a W/O emulsion was detectable in the epidermis in low concentrations after 100 min, but the same agent in O/W emulsions only after 1000 min. It is, therefore, unlikely that cetyl alcohol penetrates the intact skin in allergicologically relevant concentrations. However, with diseased skin, a marked percutaneous absorption of cetyl alcohol, but not with paraffin, must be expected.
[Permeation of labeled Oxiconazole. Comparison between the autoradiographic and horizontal slice technics with human skin].
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Topical erythromycin v clindamycin therapy for acne. A multicenter, double-blind comparison.
The efficacy and safety of topical 1.5% erythromycin solution and 1% clindamycin phosphate solution were compared in the treatment of acne. The number of inflammatory lesions was significantly reduced at 12 weeks by 62% and 59% and the number of noninflammatory lesions by 43% and 39% in the erythromycin and clindamycin groups, respectively. The reduction in lesions was also reflected in the clinical evaluation of the overall facial condition; 73% of the 74 patients treated with erythromycin solution and 62% of the 80 patients treated with clindamycin solution had excellent or good responses at 12 weeks. The results of this study show that topically applied 1.5% erythromycin and 1.0% clindamycin solutions are both effective and comparable in reducing the clinical manifestation of acne in patients with moderate disease.
[Possibilities and limits of palliative endoscopic intubation].
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Quantitative distribution of locally applied lindane in human skin and subcutaneous fat in vitro. Dependence of penetration on the applied concentration, skin state, duration of action and nature and time of washing.
Commercial concentrations of radiolabelled lindane emulsion were applied to human skin specimens. Penetration of the substance into the different layers of the skin was examined quantitatively under the common conditions of therapy, but with variation of the period of action (3, 10 and 24 h), condition of skin specimens (intact, stripped), concentration of the emulsion applied (0.3 and 1%) and washing with water only or water and soap after different periods of action (3 and 10 h) and examination at different times after the washing procedure (7 and 14 h). The flux of lindane in the skin was found to be time-dependent. Generally, the concentration increased with the depth of the layer. An increased availability of lindane (in absence of the stratum corneum, and at long application period) resulted in a preferential accumulation in the epidermis and not in the subcutaneous fat. When the intact skin had been washed with soap and water 3 h after application, the concentration of lindane found in the layer below the stratum corneum 7 h later was higher than the one found when the skin had not been washed. When intact skin had been washed after a short penetration period (3 h), this resulted in an introduction of lindane by the washing process. This effect did not occur with stripped skin. Lindane could be more efficiently removed from the stratum corneum with soap and water than with water alone. A threefold increase of the lindane concentration applied resulted in a threefold increase of the concentration in all layers of intact skin specimens. In stripped skin specimens, an increase could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)