Marketing research: why?
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Data Collection↗
Biomedical subjects
D Weinstein
Publications and source records attributed to D Weinstein.
Imaging studies down overall, but new modalities show increase.
While the number of diagnostic procedures performed from 1983 to 1984 decreased by 5%, the newer modalities all show an increase. This article, the first in a series on radiology market trends and conditions, presents findings for a wide range of imaging studies.
Data Collection↗
The use of brain tissue transplantation in neuroteratological studies.
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Animals↗
The effect of estradiol on human myelomonocytic cells. 1. Enhancement of colony formation.
Cyclic changes were observed in the content of blood monocytes during the menstrual cycle of normal women. Elevated blood monocytes were found during the ovulation period as well as in other conditions which are associated with increased blood estradiol (E2). To understand the possible association between E2 and monocytosis, we analysed the in vitro effect of E2 on the development of myelomonocytic colonies in culture. E2 in physiological concentrations was found to increase the number of colonies developed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) of both females and males. The optimal concentration for the augmenting effect on males' PBM was lower than that for females. Mononuclear cells derived from cord blood, which yielded much higher numbers of colonies than adult PBM, also responded to the stimulatory effect of E2. Estrone and estriol were less effective than E2 in adult PBM. In contrast, progesterone, diethylstilbestrol and testosterone did not affect the number of colonies at the range of physiological concentrations tested. The anti-estrogen Tamoxifen did not inhibit the stimulatory effect of E2. The augmenting effect of E2 on monomyelocytic colony formation may explain at least in part the increase in blood monocyte content of women with high E2 as well as other phenomena of macrophage and granulocyte changes associated with the menstrual cycle.
Adult↗
Development of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from human peripheral blood.
The presence of macrophage and granulocyte progenitor cells in the human peripheral blood enabled the establishment of colonies from this accessible tissue and obviated the need for bone marrow to achieve this task. We have developed a method of obtaining reproducible growth of macrophage/granulocyte colonies from human peripheral blood. Colonies of macrophages and granulocytes were obtained by plating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in methylcellulose containing medium in the presence of medium conditioned by nonstimulated PBM (CM). At early stages of colony growth both macrophage and granulocyte colonies were detected while following 20-25 days in culture all colonies tested revealed monocyte-macrophage morphology. To obtain higher numbers of colonies, we tested different cell sources, different CM preparations and the effect of steroid hormones on colony development. We found that the mononuclear cells obtained from cord blood (CB) or from some patients with inflammatory bowel disease yielded much higher numbers of colonies than PBM from normal individuals. Colony development from these two sources did not depend on an external source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) but was augmented as a result of CSF supplementation. CM obtained from CB mononuclear cells as well as supernatants from some human monoblastic cell lines were similar in their CSF activity to CM from normal PBM and made possible the development of macrophage/granulocyte colonies. Higher numbers of colonies were induced by including physiological concentrations of estradiol in the culture medium, in the absence of external sources of CSF. The system described above enabled the analysis of cloned macrophages and their circulating progenitor cells as well as the assay of different preparations of CSF.
Adolescent↗
Twelve-year experience with bilateral internal mammary artery grafts.
A 12 1/2-year experience with 227 patients who underwent coronary revascularization with bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) and supplemental saphenous vein grafts is presented. There were 725 coronary grafts performed (3.2 per patient). Forty-four IMA grafts were sequential. In 42 patients, the right IMA was placed through the transverse sinus to revascularize the circumflex artery. Operative mortality was 4% (9 of 227 patients). Postoperative complications included sternal infection (4 patients), reexploration for bleeding (5), and diaphragmatic dysfunction (10). Postoperative arteriography in 30 patients (mean interval, 4 1/4 years) revealed that 92% (34/37) of the left IMA and 87% (26/30) of the right IMA grafts were patent. Late follow-up was complete in 207 surviving patients. Eighteen late deaths (9 cardiac and 9 noncardiac) occurred. Actuarial survival was 83% at 10 years after operation. Of 68 patients followed from 8 to 12 1/2 years (mean interval, 10 1/2 years), 69% were asymptomatic, and 28% were in New York Heart Association Functional Class II. We conclude that bilateral IMA grafting can be accomplished with low operative risk and provides excellent long-term results.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Post cesarean section urinary tract infections, risk factors and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
Two hundred and seventy eight women undergoing Cesarean section were evaluated retrospectively to determine the value of prophylactic antibiotic treatment on post-operative urinary tract infection morbidity. One hundred eight women who received no prophylactic treatment, and ninety eight treated prophylactically with ampicillin and colistin (colliracin). The effect of various obstetrics parameters including parity, previous Cesarean section, duration of labor and maternal anemia on the rate of infection was studied. Significant difference in the rate of infection after the introduction of prophylactic treatment was found. Morbidity rate was reduced to 6.1% in patients treated with ampicillin and collistin compared to 16.1% in the control group (P less than 0.001). The risk group for developing urinary tract infection were those who stayed more than two hours in the delivery room or with hemoglobin blood level less than 12 gr/D.L.
Ampicillin↗
The effect of culture conditions and toxicity on the Ames Salmonella/microsome agar incorporation mutagenicity assay.
Various methods were used to reconstruct an environment similar to a chemically bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect in the Ames mutagenicity assay in order to determine whether a false-positive result could occur. Neither population reduction, sonication, nor increased histidine produced an increase of spurious revertant colonies.
Animals↗
The salivary lactoperoxidase system in caries-resistant and -susceptible adults.
In a comparative study of caries-resistant and -susceptible adults, no significant differences were found in the concentrations of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and pre-formed hypothiocyanite in parotid and submandibular saliva, or in hypothiocyanite formed in expectorated saliva over a 60-minute period. The concentrations per se of these components are not critical determinants of caries resistance or susceptibility. Thiocyanate concentration was higher in both unstimulated parotid and submandibular saliva than in the respective stimulated secretions. At comparable flow rates, parotid values were higher than submandibular.
Adult↗
Neonatal fetal death following cesarean section secondary to hyperextended head in breech presentation.
There is a general agreement that infants with hyperextension in breech presentation should be delivered by Cesarean section in order to prevent spinal cord injuries and neonatal deaths. The following case report illustrates complete spinal cord transection in a fetus with hyperextended head in breech presentation delivered by Cesarean section who died 8 days after delivery.
Adult↗
Ovarian hemorrhage in women with Von Willebrand's disease. A report of two cases.
Two sisters of reproductive age with Von Willebrand's disease experienced ovarian hemorrhage. The possibility of such a hemorrhage should be considered in such patients even though it is rare.
Adolescent↗
RNA synthesis in cultured human placenta.
The in vitro synthesis of RNA in the human placental tissue, incubated in organ culture, was investigated. We followed the synthesis of the poly A(-) and poly A(+) RNA fractions, and investigated the distribution of the newly synthesized RNA among the subcellular fractions isolated from first and third trimester placentas. The poly A(-) RNA was the major fraction of the RNA synthesized in vitro. The incorporation of [3H]uridine into the poly A(+) RNA fraction was very low. As protein synthesis occurred during the entire incubation period, we suggest the presence of a pool of mRNA molecules in the form of mRNP particles.
DNA↗
Teratogenicity of bromocryptine in pregnant rats.
The teratogenicity of bromocryptine (CB-154, Sandoz, Basel) was studied in three groups of pregnant rats which received 0.625 mg/kg/day, 1.25 mg/kg/day, and 2.5 mg/kg/day bromocryptine, respectively, i.m. and in a control group of pregnant rats which received the solvent only. There was no significant difference in the birth rate, fetal resorption rate, male/female ratio and malformation rate between the four groups. There was a significant elevation of the average fetal and placental weights between the experimental and the control fetuses. Bromocryptine does cross the placental barrier and in our study might act as growth promoting factor.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Sella 'erosions' in a series of 50 normal women: the place of tomography in the diagnosis of prolactin secreting pituitary microadenoma.
The following paper assesses the results of pluridirectional tomograms in 50 normal females of reproductive age, as reflected by the opinions given by 4 different radiologists with major interest in the pituitary fossa. Only 16 of the 50 tomograms were uniformly read as normal. The study has merit in highlighting the 'abnormalities' of the pituitary fossa in what appear to be a group of normal controls, and to stress the phenomenon of observer variations. It is suggested, therefore, that sella tomograms alone are incapable of diagnosing with sufficient accuracy the presence of pituitary microadenoma in a young woman and, therefore, should not be performed as a routine in the evaluation of patients suspected of prolactin secreting microadenoma.
Adenoma↗
The in vitro synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase from first trimester human decidua.
We studied the in vitro synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase by human first trimester decidual tissue incubated in organ culture. Decidua synthesizes two different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes; heat stable and heat labile. decidual tissue maintains a constant pool of alkaline phosphatases. The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase may be the driving force for its secretion. The de novo synthesis and secretion rate of alkaline phosphatases were also investigated. The higher specific radioactivities of the secreted enzymes than those found in the tissue may suggest that newly synthesized alkaline phosphatase is preferentially released. The intracellular distribution of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes was compared as well. The characteristics of the two isoenzymes are different in human decidua of maternal origin from those previously reported in the human placenta originating from embryonic stem cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Urodynamics in women with stress and urge incontinence.
Subtracted bladder pressure recording is the ideal method to diagnose bladder instability in supine and erect positions. Uroflowmetry demonstrated higher peak flow rates in our stable bladder group. Lateral cystourethrography showed a higher degree of urethral hypermobility in the same group. We believe that cystometry with subtraction is still the cornerstone in the evaluation of these patients. Uroflowmetry and lateral cystography may add some information and deserve further investigation in a large number of patients. Intravesical pressure alone, external urethral sphincter electromyography, and static urethral pressure profilometry were of no value in the evaluation of our patients.
Electromyography↗
The synthesis and secretion of human placental lactogen (hPL) in cultured term placenta.
We studied the in vitro synthesis and secretion of hPL by human term placental tissue incubated in organ culture. Placental tissue maintains a constant pool of hPL. The synthesis of hPL may be the driving force for its secretion. The de novo synthesis and secretion rates of hPL were also investigated. The higher specific radioactivities of the secreted hPL than those found in the tissue may suggest that newly synthesized hPL is preferentially released. The intracellular distribution of hPL was also compared.
Female↗
The mode of action of bromocriptine.
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Animals↗