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Biomedical subjects

D Weinstein

Publications and source records attributed to D Weinstein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Patient-reported erectile dysfunction: a cross-validation study.

Previous work highlighting a significant correspondence between patient-reported sex history information and physiological indices of erectile functioning was cross-validated. The matched sample comprised of 46 older male veterans presenting with erectile dysfunction, with many experiencing chronic physical illnesses. All subjects underwent a comprehensive medical and psychological evaluation, followed by 2 consecutive nights of in-hospital Rigiscan diagnostic monitoring, to evaluate penile rigidity, tumescence, and duration of erectile episodes. Stringent criteria were employed to control for confounding of Rigiscan results, with elimination from the study for affective, thought, or sleep disorders. Results from the multiple regression analyses showed that patient reports of AM erections and erectile quality accounted for significant proportions of the variance in the Rigiscan criterion measures, with 3 of the 4 R2 values falling within the Herzberg criterion for cross-validation. Results confirm the diagnostic significance of patient self-report for the population of older, chronically ill men who present with impaired erectile functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infections.

To assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infections, 47 diabetic patients with clinical suspicion of osteomyelitis, nonhealing foot ulcer, or soft tissue infection of the foot were examined prospectively by MRI and plain radiographs. Pathological confirmation of diagnosis was obtained in 62 bones from 32 patients. In addition, 14 patients with pathological confirmation of diagnosis underwent technetium-99 MDP triple-phase bone and gallium-67 citrate scans. MRI was significantly more sensitive and accurate (P < .01), with equal specificity in comparison to plain radiographs and technetium and gallium scans. MRI also provided a more detailed and accurate depiction of the anatomy. At early clinical follow-up, complete resection of abnormal bone on an MRI scan correlated with clinical healing. In summary, MRI is indicated when plain radiographs are negative for osteomyelitis or when the extent and accurate depiction of the infective process will facilitate surgical planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of orthoroentgenography and computed tomography in the measurement of limb-length discrepancy.

To determine the most accurate roentgenographic technique for the measurement of limb-length discrepancy, the twenty lower extremities of ten cadavera were measured with use of both orthoroentgenograms and lateral scout computed-tomographic scanograms. The actual anatomical limb length also was measured, to serve as a control. The effects of flexion of the knee joint, use of an external fixator, cost and time of the examination, and exposure to radiation also were determined. No statistically significant difference in the measurements of the length of the femur was found between the two methods at neutral or at 15, 30, or 45 degrees of flexion of the knee. However, computed tomography was significantly more accurate than orthoroentgenography in the measurements of length of the tibia and of total length of the limb when the knee was flexed to 30 degrees or more (p less than 0.01). The placement of an Ilizarov fixator did not alter the results. The cost and time necessary to complete an examination were comparable for the two methods. However, computed tomography delivered only 20 per cent of the radiation needed for orthoroentgenography. Computed tomography is more accurate than orthoroentgenography for the measurement of limb-length discrepancy in patients who have a flexion deformity of the knee.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Patient-reported sexual symptomatology in predicting functional and insufficient erectile capacity.

We evaluated the clinical utility of patient-reported erectile functioning information in discriminating Rigiscan-determined functional (greater than or equal to 70% penile tip and base rigidity and greater than or equal to 10 minutes' duration) from insufficient (less than 40% penile tip and base rigidity and less than or equal to 6 minutes' duration) erectile capacity, in a population of chronically ill men presenting with erectile dysfunction. Forty-three male veterans completed an extensive medical and psychologic evaluation, including a detailed assessment of sexual functioning, and then underwent two consecutive nights of supervised in-hospital Rigiscan sleep evaluations. Results of discriminant function analysis indicated that patient reports of morning erections and ejaculatory ability accurately predicted group membership for functional (96.7%) and insufficient (100%) categories. Careful attention to patient self-report is suggested for the urologist's initial appraisal of erectile dysfunction in populations of older, chronically ill men.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1991

The predictive significance of patient-reported sexual functioning in RigiScan sleep evaluations.

We evaluated the relevance of patient reported sex history information in predicting erectile functioning as measured by the RigiScan monitor. A total of 46 male veterans who presented with erectile dysfunction completed an extensive medical and psychological evaluation including a sexual history, and then underwent 2 consecutive nights of inhospital RigiScan sleep evaluation performed under supervision. Multivariate analyses indicated a significant relationship among patient reported sex history information, and RigiScan measurements of tip and base duration, and rigidity. The sex history item with the greatest predictive power was the question regarding early morning erections. The results of this study highlight the importance of patient reported information, and the significance of obtaining a detailed sex history in the evaluation of older, primarily chronically ill patients who present with erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

MRI and diabetic foot infections.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiographs in evaluating osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot was studied. Fifty patients were prospectively examined by magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiographs to determine the extent of infection. Thirty-seven patients had positive MRI for osteomyelitis and 19 were positive with conventional radiography. Thirteen patients had negative MRI healed with short course of antibiotics. Five patients with positive MRI received four weeks' course of intravenous antibiotics with two still having persistent infection in the six weeks follow-up. Thirty-two patients underwent surgery with favorable results. Sixty-two bone specimens were obtained for histologic evaluation of osteomyelitis. In cases with histologic proof of diagnosis, magnetic resonance sensitivity was 99%, specificity was 81%, and accuracy was 94%. Thus magnetic resonance imaging was shown to have a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting osteomyelitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver. Apropos of a case].

The authors describe a recent case of agenesis of the right lobe of the liver. Such cases are rare and can be diagnosed with state of the art imaging modalities, ultrasound and computed tomography, which permit early diagnosis and help avoid liver complications of cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoma. This type of congenital anomaly can be associated with biliary tract disease, portal hypertension or other congenital anomalies.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Delayed appearance of facial tics following chronic fluphenazine administration to guinea pigs.

Guinea pigs were administered chronic fluphenazine decanoate for 11 months and oral movements (OMs) were periodically observed using several different paradigms. Shortly after the initiation of neuroleptic treatment, increased OMs were seen in the drugged animals, but these did not persist and may have reflected a decreased fear (freezing) reaction in the tranquilized animals, being correlated with increased locomotion in open field. After 7 months of neuroleptics, twitch-like movements of the orofacial region were observed in the drugged animals; these dyskinetic movements were enhanced by administration of d-amphetamine. These twitch-like movements appear to be a better model of tardive dyskinesia in the guinea pig than the initially observed and normal-appearing OMs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Induction of membrane-associated interleukin 1 by tumor necrosis factor in human fibroblasts.

Highly purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found to induce interleukin 1 (IL 1) production in diploid human FS-4 fibroblasts. Demonstration of IL 1 activity was based on the ability of TNF-treated FS-4 cells, subsequently fixed with formaldehyde, to stimulate thymocyte proliferation in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Incubation of FS-4 cells with the optimal dose of TNF (10 ng/ml) resulted in a marked increase in [3H] thymidine uptake by thymocytes co-cultured with formaldehyde-fixed FS-4 cells. Induction of this apparently membrane-associated IL 1 (MA-IL 1) activity was demonstrable at 6 hr and reached a plateau after 48 hr of incubation with TNF. FS-4 cells did not secrete soluble IL 1 in response to TNF. Dexamethasone suppressed the synthesis of TNF-induced MA-IL 1. A monoclonal antibody specific for TNF neutralized MA-IL 1 induction, indicating that the induction is due to TNF, and not to a contaminant in the TNF preparation. The ability of TNF to induce IL 1 synthesis in FS-4 fibroblasts at the transcriptional level was confirmed by S1 nuclease protection assay. Cytoplasmic RNA from uninduced FS-4 cells contained no demonstrable RNA hybridizing with a human IL 1-alpha cDNA probe and low levels of RNA hybridizing with an IL 1-beta cDNA. Induction with TNF resulted in the appearance of IL 1-alpha mRNA and a very significant increase in IL 1-beta mRNA, indicating that TNF induces the synthesis of both IL 1-alpha and IL 1-beta in FS-4 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Small cytoplasmic RNAs from human placental free mRNPs. Structure and their effect on in vitro protein synthesis.

A new family of small cytoplasmic RNA species (scRNAs) was found to be associated with human term-placental free messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). Placental scRNAs strongly inhibit translation of both homologous and heterologous mRNAs in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte system. scRNAs could be resolved into at least four different RNA species. One of the RNA molecules, scRNA species 1, was the most potent protein synthesis inhibitor found among the placental scRNAs. The nucleotide sequence of the scRNA species 1 was determined. In spite of its short length, scRNA species 1 still exhibited a very strong inhibitory effect on the in vitro protein synthesis. scRNAs were found to be complexed with proteins in the form of scRNPs. Proteins of these complexes enhanced the inhibitory effect of scRNAs on in vitro translation. Experiments provided evidence that inhibition of in vitro protein synthesis by the scRNAs is not dependent upon mRNA concentration. However, inhibition can be overcome by increasing the ratio lysate/scRNAs, thus suggesting that scRNAs act on some essential component of the cell-free system. The degree of inhibition is decreased when scRNAs are added after the start of translation, suggesting that scRNAs (or scRNPs) interfere with the initiation stage of translation, probably acting on an initiation factor(s). Placental scRNAs are unique in their size, being smaller than other known scRNAs. Their association with free cytoplasmic repressed mRNPs in human placenta suggests that scRNAs play a role in the regulation of mRNP metabolism and, consequently, in the control of mRNA translation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Alkaline phosphatase and protein kinase(s) activities in free cytoplasmic mRNPs from human term placenta.

Free mRNPs isolated from human term placental tissue were examined for protein kinase and phosphoprotein-phosphatase activities. Free mRNPs incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in a protein kinase standard buffer show self-phosphorylation in the absence of exogenous substrates. Treatment of phosphorylated products with alkali showed a significant phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the mRNP-proteins. An alkaline-phosphatase activity was found to be tightly associated with the mRNPs. Both heat stable and heat labile alkaline phosphatase activities were found in the mRNPs. Heat labile alkaline phosphatase is the major isoenzyme form of the mRNPs. The existence of both protein kinase(s) and alkaline phosphatase activities in placental free cytoplasmic mRNPs might suggest that a balance between phosphorylation, specifically on tyrosine residues, and dephosphorylation states of some of the mRNP-proteins is relevant for their physiological functions, and may therefore play a role in the regulation of mRNPs' metabolism and, consequently, in mRNA translation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Sphincterotomy failure in neurogenic bladder disease.

Among 60 spinal cord injury patients who underwent external urethral sphincterotomy 45 experienced success and 15 failed. Failure was established when symptomatic urinary tract infections and high vesical residuals persisted. Urodynamic findings demonstrated detrusor areflexia in 10 patients (66 per cent), detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 2 (13.2 per cent), detrusor hyperreflexia with unsustained bladder contractions in 1 (6.6 per cent), and detrusor hyperreflexia and bladder neck obstruction in 2 (13.2 per cent). Among these failures poor detrusor contractility predominated. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia may indicate an inadequate surgical relief of obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction may indicate that a bladder neck incision should be considered when an external sphincterotomy is performed.

Adult↗