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Biomedical subjects

D Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to D Murphy.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Bronchomammary axis in the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus.

The products of lactation from 26 nursing mothers were sequentially examined over several months for the presence or appearance of antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral IgM and IgG were rarely identified in either colostrum or milk. RSV-specific IgA was found in 75% (18/24) of specimens of colostrum; 40% (6/15) and 59% (4/7) of milk samples obtained at three and six months still contained specific IgA antibody. The latter increase was felt to represent boosting of exposed individuals when the virus was present in the community. Infection with the virus was documented in two mothers. Both had specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses in serum and nasopharyngeal secretions, but response in milk was limited to IgA. These data confirm that antibody to a specific respiratory tract pathogen is present in the products of lactation, that the specific activity is mainly of the IgA class, and that booster responses in milk are exclusively of the IgA class. Since RSV appears to replicate only in the respiratory tract, it is suggested that viral specific antibody activity observed in the mammary gland may be derived from the bronchopulmonary lymphoid tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Instability of integrated viral DNA in mouse cells transformed by simian virus 40.

The state and organization of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA in tsA mutant-transformed mouse clones were examined early after agar selection in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms that actively generate the diverse integration patterns found in transformed cells. Although recently selected as a cloned population from agar, A21 cells displayed extremely heterogeneous SV40 DNA patterns when analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization. Reselection of clones in agar from A21 at 33 degrees C or 39.5 degrees C and DNA analysis by hybridization demonstrated (i) simplification of the number of integration sites in the new clones; (ii) new sites of integrated SV40 DNA in high molecular weight cell DNA fragments generated by digestion with restriction endonuclease Bgl II; (iii) relatedness between clones with respect to integrated viral sequence arrangement; and (iv) persistence of free viral DNA forms. The majority of free viral DNA appeared to be full length, nondefective SV40 DNA, although a subpopulation of defective viral molecules was also detected. No detectable free SV40 DNA could be observed in A21 clonal derivatives isolated by growth in agar at 39.5 degrees C, indicating that the persistence of free viral forms was regulated by the A gene. These results suggest that the heterogeneity in viral sequences in the A21 cells was generated within a cloned population from which new clones can be derived with different transformed phenotypes and integration patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of amino acids and dipeptides on ethanol absorption across the rat intestine.

Effects of amino acids and dipeptides on ethanol (50 mM) absorption were studied by in vivo perfusion of the rat intestine. All the amino acids and dipeptides tested enhanced the rate of ethanol absorption over that observed with a control solution containing an equimolar concentration of mannitol. The increase in the rate of ethanol absorption can be related to the entry of ethanol with water which accompanies the active absorption of these nutrients. Some amino acids and dipeptides like lysine, tryptophan and glycyl-phenylalanine have an additional stimulatory effect on ethanol absorption which seems unrelated to water movement.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Pneumococcal empyema: outcome of medical management.

Physicians vary considerably in their opinion as to the duration of hospitalization and degree of surgical intervention for children with pneumococcal empyema. The development of pneumatoceles and persistence of fever or loculated pleural fluid are causes of debate and concern. We reviewed the records of 21 children with confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia. Ten of the 12 with no pleural fluid became afebrile within 48 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapy, whereas the nine with empyema remained febrile an average of 7.1 days (minimum estimate) in spite of documented sterile cultures within 24 hour in five of the patients. Although chest tube and thoracentesis drainage could not remove all the pleural fluid, and pneumatoceles developed in five of the nine children, long-term follow-up studies including chest roentgenograms and pulmonary function testing demonstrated a gradual but complete recovery that did not require long-term hospitalization, continued parenteral antibiotic therapy, or invasive surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Amplification and rearrangement of integrated SV40 DNA sequences accompany the selection of anchorage-independent transformed mouse cells.

Clones of SV40 tsA mutant-transformed mouse embryo cells with a temperature-independent transformed growth phenotype were derived from a parental line with a temperature-dependent growth phenotype, using the selective pressure of anchorage independent growth in agar at 40 degrees C. The parental J78 clone contained a complex tandem structure of integrated SV40 DNA within two cellular DNA fragments of 10 and 14 kb, generated by Bgl II digestion. The new clonal derivatives, in addition to an altered growth phenotype, displayed additional high molecular weight sites of SV40 DNA integration. A marked structural similarity among integration sites suggested that the new sites may have arisen by duplication and translocation of an original integration structure, or via an unequal crossover event. The rearrangement of viral DNA sequences appears to be specifically associated with the emergence of temperature-independent clones, since the isolation of new clones under nonselective conditions, that is, growth in semi-solid medium at 33 degrees C, was not accompanied by modification in cellular sequences containing SV40 DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The mechanism of arterial hypoxia occurring in acute pancreatitis.

Respiratory Function has been measured in 14 patients with acute pancreatitis, none of whom has a previous history of cardiac or respiratory disease. Their mean age was 40 years, mean PaO2 on admission, 11 kPa, and all had normal chest radiographs at that time. Arterial hypoxia was a common development and the mean PaO2 at the time of most severe hypoxia was 8.6 kPa with the lowest individual recording 4.9 kPa. In addition to daily arterial blood gas monitoring, dynamic ventilatory tests and measurements of lung volume, transfer factor, closing volume, right to left shunts and studies of gas exchange were performed. Gas exchange and shunt measurements indicated that the major abnormality responsible for arterial hypoxia was right to left shunting. Seven patients developed radiological abnormalities, five of whom has pleural effusions. Five patients showed a mild restriction in lung volume but there were no major consistent abnormalities of dynamic ventilatory tests, transfer factor, or closing volumes. Thus small airway closure, in dependent parts of the lung and less certainly loss of surfactant are unlikely to be major factors in the aetiology of arterial hypoxia in patients with acute pancreatitis. All measurements were repeated at least three months after the acute illness. The respiratory insufficiency which occurs in this disease is possibly another variant of the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Resetting of osmoreceptor response as cause of hyponatraemia in acute idiopathic polyneuritis.

In a patient with hyponatraemia associated with acute idiopathic polyneuritis plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone increased when hypertonic saline was infused intravenously, and urine osmolality rose concomitantly. A water load was excreted normally, while the plasma remained extremely hypo-osmolal. It is concluded that osmoregulation was functioning normally but was set abnormally low, possibly owing to a disturbance of the peripheral volume receptors.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in soft tissue infections with high doses of ampicillin.

Six soft tissue infections (three epiglottitis, one cellulitis, one pneumonia, and one arthritis) with ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae were treated initially with high doses of ampicillin (200 to 400 mg/kg/day intravenously) alone and had good clinical responses. All had documented bacteremia with H. influenzae. One child was treated only with ampicillin; treatment in the remainder was changed to oral therapy with other antibiotics to facilitate discharge. There was no recurrence of disease. Disc diffusion studies done on clinical isolates of both resistant and sensitive organisms indicate a break point at which the resistant organism shows progressive sensitivity to increasingly higher concentrations of ampicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

Male-pattern alopecia and masculinity.

Cutaneous processes which are thought to be influenced by androgenic stimulation include the development of male-pattern alopecia, terminal hair distribution, sebum excretion rate, maximal sweat secretion rate and skin thickness. We measured these indices in forty-eight normal men, together with muscle, fat and bone thickness and plasma testosterone. There was a significant correlation between hair density on the forearm, leg and chest, but no other significant correlations were found. We conclude that bald men are no more 'masculine' than those with good scalp hair growth, if masculinity is defined in terms of end-organ response to androgenic stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis with cerebral and cerebellar abscesses: case report.

A case of fatal primary amebic meningoencephalitis is reported. We need to remind ourselves that, if the usual laboratory tests fail to show any microbial or fungal agents either in the CSF or in fluids or tissues obtained at operation, it is imperative that a warm wet slide preparation be made. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is a very rare disease, and it is only by prompt recognition of the amebae that we can make an early diagnosis and institute the appropriate therapy.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1979

Negative pressure in the middle ear by ciliary propulsion of mucus through the eustachian tube.

Mucus was placed in the middle ears of 11 cats. A needle and stop-clock placed in the bulla communicated with the tympanic cavity. The pressure changes in the needle were transcribed on a flowing graph via a transducer in communication with the stop-clock. Negative pressure developed in each test ear. The average maximum negative pressure was 12 mm Hg with a minimum of 2 mm Hg and maximum of 24 mm Hg. The peak negative pressure, reached in 30 to 60 min. in most ears, occurred in 10 min. in one and in 3 hrs. in another. The qualitative results show all ears developed a negative pressure when mucus was in the tympanic cavity. The quantitative data suggest an average maximum negative pressure of 12 mm Hg reached at about 1 hr.

Animals↗