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Biomedical subjects

D Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to D Murphy.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cholinesterase in serum and low density lipoprotein of hyperlipidemic patients.

Cholinesterase activity in the low density lipoprotein fraction of serum is increased in types IIa, IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemic patients, whereas only types IIb and IV show increases in serum cholinesterase activity. In obese patients, cholinesterase activity is increased both in the serum and low density lipoprotein fraction only when hyperlipidemia is present. Cholinesterase activity is also found to increase in proportion with increases in low density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides both in the serum and low density lipoprotein fraction. We suggest on the basis of these findings that cholinesterase has a function in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1978

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP): the major organic phosphate in the erythrocytes of the elasmobranch Mustelus canis (smooth dogfish).

1. Ion exchange column chromatography of red cell extracts from the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) reveals a phosphate pool which includes inorganic phosphate, AMP, ADP and ATP. 2. GTP and an iron complex of this nucleotide (Fe-GTP) account for approximately 40% of the principal organic phosphates. 3. ATP accounts for 30%, and AMP and ADP approximately 10% each. 4. 2,3-DPG is not detectable by either enzymatic or chromatographic analysis. 5. The use of a "purified" buffer system consisting of redistilled formic acid and de novo synthesized ammonium formate increases the ratio of GTP to Fe-GTP from approximately 1.4:1 to 10:1. This suggests that all of the iron nucleotide complexes (ATP and GTP) previously reported in red cells may not represent a normally occurring intraerythrocyte complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Myocardial infarction, androgen and the skin.

Various indices of masculinity were compared in 48 men who had recovered from myocardial infarction and in their age-matched controls. We found little evidence to support the idea that myocardial infarction is related to increased androgenic stimulation. The patients with myocardial infarction had no increase in plasma testosterone, muscle thickness, sebum excretion rate, maximal sweat secretion rate, male pattern alopecia or density of terminal body hair, but as a group they had a slight increase in skin and bone thickness compared with the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Combined test of anterior pituitary function in children.

A combined test of anterior pituitary function was used on 21 normal children. It shows that a comprehensive evaluation can be made of growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and gonadotrophin reserve. Simultaneous assessment of those peripheral glands associated with the anterior pituitary is possible by the measurement of thyroid hormones, cortisol, and gonadal steroids. The procedure can be completed in 4 hours with minimum inconvenience and distress to the child.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Experimental neurogenic bladder disorder in non-human primates.

These studies indicate that the monkey Macaca nemestrina provides a suitable model to evaluate the neurological mechanism of micturition. This animal has a sacral spinal center for micturition whereby the classification of primary patterns of neurogenic disorder into spinal reflex after suprasacral spinal cord section and autonomous after cauda equina section is validated. Attempts at dissociation of the spinal and vesical neurons by section of the cauda equina were characterized generally by raised rather than lowered tonus, irrespective of previous urinary diversion to prevent inadvertent overstretch of the bladder. No evidence was obtained to indicate that overstretch of the autonomous bladder is followed by loss of tonus but the survival times of the animals after cauda equina section were comparatively short. There was some indication that overstretch may induce coordinated contractility of the bladder when only the peripheral neuron and sympathetic innervation of the bladder are intact. Evidence was obtained that the monkey has a dual innervation of the mid urethra, in which the pressure profile is supported by alpha adrenergic receptors as well as some somatic neural control. The resting urethral pressure profile is preserved after low level section of the spinal cord or division of the cauda equina but is lower in amplitide after overstretch of the autonomous bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre. Effects on satiety, plasma-glucose, and serum-insulin.

Ten normal subjects ingested test meals based on apples, each containing 60 g available carbohydrate. Fibre-free juice could be consumed eleven times faster than intact apples and four times faster than fibre-disrupted purée. Satiety was assessed numerically. With the rate of ingestion equalised, juice was significantly less satisfying than purée, and purée than apples. Plasma-glucose rose to similar levels after all three meals. However, there was a striking rebound fall after juice, and to a lesser extent after purée, which was not seen after apples. Serum-insulin rose to higher levels after juice and purée than after apples. The removal of fibre from food, and also its physical disruption, can result in faster and easier ingestion, decreased satiety, and disturbed glucose homoeostasis which is probably due to inappropriate insulin release. These effects favour overnutrition and, if often repeated, might lead to diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum cholinesterase: function in lipoprotein metabolism.

Human serum beta-lipoproteins, isolated by percipitation with heparin-calcium mixture, showed cholinesterase activity. The enzyme activity was almost proportional to the lipoprotein concentration. Rats, treated with neostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, showed a significant decrease in serum beta-lipoprotein and in the incorporation of H3-lysine into the lipoprotein compared to untreated controls. The decreased incorporation of H3-lysine into beta-lipoprotein was associated with increased labelling of alpha-lopoprotein. There was no significant difference in the labelling of pre-beta-lipoprotein. We propose that LDL is formed from VLDL in the presence of cholinesterase.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Arterial hypoxia in acute pancreatitis.

Severe arterial hypoxia while breathing ambient air (Pao2 less than 60 mm Hg) was recorded in 38 (45 per cent) of a group of 84 patients with acute pancreatitis when arterial blood gas monitoring was performed during the first week of illness. This contrasted with an incidence of 19 per cent severe hypoxia in a heterogeneous group of 68 patients with acute abdominal pain admitted as surgical emergencies. Clinical evidence of respiratory embarrassment was rarely present in either the patients with acute pancreatitis or the other patients. Arterial hypoxia was related to the prognosis in both groups. It is recommended that all patients with acute pancreatitis have routine arterial blood gas monitoring performed during the first 5 days of illness. Furthermore, all older patients (over 60 years) and younger patients with moderate hypoxia (Pao2 less than 70 mm Hg) should be given supplementary humidified oxygen. An awareness of occult respiratory insufficiency in surgical emergency admissions, and especially in acute pancreatitis, is of importance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Haematological abnormalities in acute pancreatitis. A prospective study.

Twenty-five patients with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively in the first week of their admission using haematological and coagulation tests. Platelet counts initially fell and later returned to admission levels. Rising levels of plasma fibrinogen were recorded. The kaolin cephalin clotting time was shorter than its control in twenty-one patients. Eighteen patients had elevated fibrinogen degradation products and fourteen had a positive ethanol gelation test. It is suggested that by taking into account the results in series of individual patients a degree of intravascular coagulation may be a common feature of acute pancreatitis. In one patient (presented in detail) strong evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was found

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The "negative chest radiograph" in acute pancreatitis.

Twenty-six patients with acute pancreatitis and normal chest radiographs on admission were studied. Twelve (46%) developed abnormalities in the first five days of illness. Twenty-four of the 25 patients tested developed an arterial pO2 of less than 10.6 kPa (80 mmHg) but severe hypoxia was present in a greater percentage of patients whose chest radiology became abnormal. Blood gases and chest radiographs should be checked on a regular basis in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗