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Biomedical subjects

D Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to D Murphy.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Medulloepithelioma diagnosed by ultrasound and vitreous aspirate. Electron microscopic observations.

Ultrasonography and cytologic examination of the vitreous aspirate established the correct pre-enucleation diagnosis of medulloepithelioma in the case of an 8-year-old boy. The use of a muscle hook allowed the examiner to elevate the eye and bring the ciliary body into adequate ultrasonographic view. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated eye showed a partially pigmented mass composed of elongated neuroepithelial tubules and cords arising from the ciliary body inferiorly. Several tubules displayed a central lumen with rosette-like structures. The tumor was classified as a benign, nonteratoid medulloepithelioma. Electron microscopically the lumens of the rosettes contained myriad, slender microvilli, and were bordered by numerous terminal bar complexes and areas displaying zonula adherens and zonula occludens type junctions. Additionally, invaginating gap junctions, which clearly established that the tumor originated from the ciliary epithelium, were identified.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Pigmented conjunctival cysts following tetracycline/minocycline therapy. Histochemical and electron microscopic observations.

Unpigmented and pigmented cystic epithelial inclusions were found bilaterally within the lower palpebral conjunctiva temporally of a 31-year-old man. He had a history of tetracycline/minocycline therapy for 14 years because of acne vulgaris. The cysts were studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and ultraviolet light. By light microscopy the unpigmented cysts contained faintly eosinophilic globular material that disclosed yellowish-green autofluorescence indicating the presence of tetracycline/minocycline. The pigmented cysts revealed laminated eosinophilic to brownish concretions that also showed yellowish-green autofluorescence. Autofluorescence, however, decreased with increasing brown pigmentation of the concretions. Histochemically, the pigment, which failed to show the staining characteristics of lipofuscin, melanin or iron, probably represented an oxidation product of tetracycline. By electron microscopy the cysts contained moderately electron dense amorphous material as well as degenerating epithelial cells. The epithelial cells lining the conjunctival cysts, did not contain membrane-bound, large, pigment granules within their cytoplasm as has been demonstrated in the colloid and follicular epithelium of the thyroid following minocycline therapy.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1983

Epidural buprenorphine for pain relief after major abdominal surgery. A controlled comparison with epidural morphine.

In a controlled trial epidural buprenorphine was compared with epidural morphine as the sole means of analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Bolus injections of buprenorphine 60 micrograms in 10 ml or morphine 2 mg in 10 ml of normal saline were given on demand for the first 48 hours postoperatively. Both drugs produced significant reduction in pain scores as assessed by the linear visual analogue scale and both produced prolonged analgesia at this dosage, which could be extended by further 'top-ups'. The authors conclude that, for postoperative epidural analgesia, buprenorphine may be the opiate of choice and the reasons for this are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Changes in certain blood constituents during Ramadan.

Fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, uric acid, gastrin, and insulin were measured in a group of 24 Muslims at the beginning and end of Ramadan--the Muslim month of fasting. There was a significant increase in the levels of total serum cholesterol, thyroxine, and uric acid and a significant fall in body weight. There was no significant change in the levels of total serum triglycerides, triiodothyronine, gastrin, insulin (fasting), or in the rise in gastrin or insulin 1/2 h after food. These changes, although unlikely to affect normal people, may be significant in patients. Physicians working in Muslim countries should be aware that Ramadan may affect some laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Laparoscopy--a stressful procedure.

The metabolic and hormonal response to laparoscopy was investigated in 22 patients, in whom nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia was supplemented with either 150 micrograms fentanyl or an Althesin infusion. There were significant increases in plasma cortisol (p less than 0.05) from 303 to 458 mmol/litre and prolactin from 1869 to 3918 mU/litre (p less than 0.01) at the end of laparoscopy in both groups of patients; these were sustained during the first hour of the recovery period. The blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 4.48 to 5.28 mmol/litre at the end of laparoscopy in the Althesin patients and remained increased 1 hour postoperatively at 5.54 mmol/litre (p less than 0.01). The blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 4.43 to 5.36 mmol/litre in the fentanyl patients only during the recovery period. There was no significant difference between the metabolic and hormonal changes observed with the two anaesthetic techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Structure and synthesis of a simian virus 40 super T-antigen.

Mouse cells transformed by simian virus 40 often contain virus-coded tumor antigens distinct from those synthesized in productively infected permissive cells. The SV3T3 C120 cell line produces no large T-antigen of apparent molecular weight 94,000 but instead a super T-antigen of apparent molecular weight 145,000. We used recombinant DNA techniques to isolate the template for this super T-antigen and determined its structure by DNA sequencing. The integrated viral early transcription unit contains an in-phase, perfect tandem duplication of 1,212 base pairs. Transfer hybridization and endonuclease S1 mapping experiments were performed to elucidate the structures of the stable, cytoplasmic mRNAs of SV3T3 C120 cells, mRNAs of 3.9 and 3.6 kilobases, containing the small t- and large T-antigen splices, respectively, were transcribed from the internally duplicated early transcription unit. We showed by in vitro translation that these mRNAs encode small t-antigen and the super T-antigen of molecular weight 145,000. Peptide mapping studies of the SV3T3 C120 super T-antigen were consistent with its being derived from an internally duplicated template, since the protein has methionine and cysteine tryptic fingerprints virtually identical to those of normal large T-antigen, with certain methionine peptides present in greater than one molar yield.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Cytological sampling at fibreoptic bronchoscopy: comparison of catheter aspirates and brush biopsies.

A prospective study was undertaken to compare bronchial brushings with dry catheter aspiration for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Duplicate samples taken by aspirate and brush were obtained at 103 consecutive routine bronchoscopies. Aspirate and brush samples were reported on separately by two cytologists. At the end of the study a 30% sample, including the 19 cases with different findings by the two methods, were subjected to a blind crossover review, and then an open review. Forceps biopsy specimens for routine histological assessment were taken in 94 cases (92%). Ninety-eight of 103 (95%) aspirates and 99 of 103 (96%) brush specimens were technically satisfactory. Carcinoma was diagnosed at bronchoscopy on cytological or histological evidence or both in 57 cases. Fifty-five of these tumours (96%) were recognised by either the aspirate or the brush method, 52 (91%) by brush, and 50 (88%) by aspirate. Thirty-four cases (60%) could be diagnosed from histological specimens. The order of cytological sampling did not systematically affect yield. It is concluded that fine-catheter aspirates, permitting smears to be prepared in the laboratory, are a satisfactory alternative to brush smears for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at bronchoscopy. The routine use of both techniques at bronchoscopy will increase diagnostic yield by about 5%. Duplicate sampling may be especially useful in obtaining diagnostic material from upper-lobe or apical-segment tumours.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of antigen-specific, Ig-restricted cell-free material made by I-J+ Ly-1 cells (Ly-1 TsiF) that induces Ly-2+ cells to express suppressive activity.

A set of T cells defined by a unique profile of cell surface alloantigens (phenotype Ly-1+2-; Qa-1+; I-J+) produces biologically active cell-free material(s) (Ly-1 TsiF) which induces another T cell set (cell surface phenotype Ly-1,2+; I-J/; Qa-1+) to participate in the suppression of primary immune responses to heterologous erythrocytes. The suppression is specific for the inducing antigen, and the Ly-1 TsiF binds antigen in a specific way. The activity of Ly-1 TsiF can be removed by anti-I-J immunosorbents and will not be expressed if the functional producer and acceptor cells do not share gene products that are encoded in or are tightly linked to the VH portion of the Ig complex. There is no requirement for the Ly-1 TsiF and its acceptor cell(s) to share major histocompatibility complex gene products. Thus, for optimal induction of antigen-specific suppression by cell-gree materials from Ly-1 T cells, three necessary conditions must be met: (a) antigen recognition by Ly-1 TsiF; (b) the expression of I-J gene products and (c) identify of VH-linked Ig locus gene products (or other products influenced by those genes) on both the inducer molecule and its acceptor cell. The role of the Ig-linked restriction is particularly intriguing, and its possible meaning is considered in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of an antigen-specific H-2-restricted cell-free products(s) made by "I-J-" Ly-2 cells (Ly-2 TsF) that suppresses Ly-2 cell-depleted spleen cell activity.

Immune Ly-1-,2+ splenic T cells release material(s) (Ly-2 TsF) into culture supernatants which (a) are antigen-specific and (b) do not contain gene products of the I-region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) (within the limits or our detection system) and which can lead to antigen-specific suppression of spleen cell cultures depleted of all Ly-2+ (Ly-2 and Ly-1,2) cells. The cells which make Ly-2 TsF possess no detectable I region- or Qa-1-encoded determinants. Nonetheless, the ability of the material(s) to suppress target cells is restricted by genes closely linked to the MHC. No demonstrable evidence for a role of the polymorphic portion of genes linked to the Ig locus for this suppressive interaction to occur could be found. It is suggested that this material(s) may be the final effector moiety of the suppressor circuit because (a) it does not require the presence of any Ly-2+ cells to work, and (b) in contrast to material(s) which induce suppression, there is no latent period; i.e. the Ly-2 TsF suppresses both the early and late phases of the immune response in primary Mishell-Dutton cultures. The MHC restriction that is imparted to the biologically active material is likely to be due to its "anti-MHC" activity. Since this is the first report in which the presence of I-J-controlled gene products was investigated on an antigen-specific, Ly-2 cell-produced suppressor factor that worked in the absence of Ly-2+ cells in the assay culture, the possibility that many, if not all, antigen-specific suppressor effector cells and molecules are "I-J-" must be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pleural effusion in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: two case reports.

Two cases of pleural effusion associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are described. This association has not previously been reported. In one case the effusion cleared with prednisolone. It is suggested that the effusions were directly related to the aspergillosis.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗