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Biomedical subjects

D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D Miller.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Vitreous variation in vitreous fluorophotometry.

Clinical vitreous fluorophotometry is a technique used to evaluate the early breakdown of the blood-retina barrier, which is often seen in diabetic retinopathy. However, the test does not take into account the possibility of individual variations of fluorescein diffusion in the vitreous body. This study undertook to follow the diffusion of a fluorescein solution in 20 different bovine vitreous bodies in a laboratory setting. The results showed a broad distribution of fluorescein diffusion in the sampled population. By statistical analysis, at least three subgroups, differing with respect to the fluorescein dye diffusion pattern, were identified. Further experiments suggest that variation in hyaluronic acid structure in vitreous bodies might account for these differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Communicating morphological concepts in health sciences.

A program in Health Sciences Education at McMaster University, centered on the undergraduate M.D. program in particular, has changed the educational methodology used in teaching and learning to a different approach than the traditional method. The emphasis on individualized instruction in the morphological disciplines has resulted in the need to develop new facilities. One-hundred modules or units have been produced for self-study in the Department of Anatomy. Audiovisual personnel, illustrators, and laboratory technicians have worked in collaboration with subject experts on the development of these devices; they have shown the value of utilizing different learning modalities to achieve efficient learning outcomes.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1982

Ophthalmic technology for the clinician: direct ophthalmoscopy revisited.

The history and basic optical principles of the direct ophthalmoscope are reviewed, and new developments, including the halogen-tungsten bulb, are explored. To counter the problem of trying to discern retinal details through an immature cataract or an edematous cornea, a system has been designed that sends a thin light annulus along the outer edge of a dilated pupil, avoiding the middle of the cornea or lens. Recent studies suggest that the direct ophthalmoscope with a standard bulb at design voltage can safely be used steadily for only about a minute and a half, and occasional pausing during prolonged viewing is recommended.

Equipment Safety↗
PubMed1982

Extracapsular cataract extraction with hyaluronate sodium.

Extracapsular cataract extraction may result in a lower incidence of cystoid macular edema, but it may be a different operation from a technical standpoint. We tried a method using 1% hyaluronate sodium (Healon) as the irrigating vehicle during the procedure. The high viscosity of hyaluronate prevents posterior capsule rupture and its coating effect protects the corneal endothelium from trauma. In the study 20 eyes received the extracapsular extraction using a traditional technique with balanced salt solution. Another 20 eyes received the surgery using hyaluronate. The resulting endothelial cell counts, postoperatively, showing significantly less loss of endothelial cell using hyaluronate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Increased therapeutic index using moderate dose methotrexate and leucovorin twice weekly vs. weekly high dose methotrexate-leucovorin in patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck: a safe new effective regimen.

A new intensive methotrexate regimen for the treatment of advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is presented, employing twice-weekly parenteral low-moderate doses of methotrexate and a single parenteral dose of leucovorin 24 hours following methotrexate. Toxicity and therapeutic results in 20 patients treated with this regimen favorably with results of weekly high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin in 36 patients treated immediately before initiation of the new regimen. Moderate nephrotoxicity and mild gastrointestinal/mucosal toxicity were common to both, while myelotoxicity was rarely seen with the low dose regimen and was more frequent with the high-dose regimen. Partial response was observed in 60% of patients treated on the intensive low-moderate dose schedule, and 50% of patients previously untreated with methotrexate on the weekly high-dose schedule. None of 12 patients previously failing low-moderate doses of methotrexate responded to high doses administered in this trial. The characteristics of antitumor response with low-moderate and high-dose schedules were similar except for the median dose required to attain response (50 mg/m2 vs. 3 g/m2) and the lesser toxicity of intensive lower dose therapy with leucovorin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Differences in prognosis for boys and girls with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

In the period 1968--78, 3161 children were enrolled in six studies of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by participating institutions of the Childrens Cancer Study Group. In the first two studies, which did not include central-nervous-system (CNS) prophylaxis in the treatment programme, the outcome for male and female patients was very similar. In the following four studies, which included radiation prophylaxis to the CNS, a difference in outcome favouring females appeared consistently. This difference began about 6--12 months after initial remission and was further accentuated by withdrawal of therapy. Some of these studies also included a randomised trial of duration of therapy, studying 3 versus 5 years of maintenance treatment. Analysis of these studies suggests that sex group has implications both for duration of treatment and for optimum central-nervous-system prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Topical flurbiprofen or prednisolone. Effect on corneal wound healing in rabbits.

Flurbiprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) agent currently undergoing clinical investigation. Anti-inflammatory steroids have long been known to delay the healing of corneal stromal wounds. This was designed to compare the effects of equipotent anti-inflammatory doses of flurbiprofen and of prednisolone acetate on the inflammation and the healing (as measured by the wound bursting pressure) or 4-mm through-and-through incisions treated four times a day for ten postoperative days. The results suggest that flurbiprofen and prednisolone are not different in their effect on both postoperative inflammation and postoperative wound healing. Since NSAI agents and steroids inhibit prostaglandin formation at different enzymatic steps, it is possible that prostaglandins not only are responsible for postoperative inflammation but also are required for postoperative wound healing.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Glare sensitivity in simulated radial keratotomy.

Models for 8-, 16-, and 32-slit radial keratotomies with both different-sized clear central areas and different incisional scar widths have been produced. Five normal subjects who looked through a series of these models have had their glare sensitivity determined using variable contrast threshold targets surrounded by a constant glare source. Results show that increased glare sensitivity is present with small (less than 3 mm), clear central areas and wide (greater than or equal to 0.3 mm) incisional scars. The study suggests that finer scars, larger clear central areas, and configurations of eight and 16 slits should produce the least increase in glare sensitivity. These suggestions seem to be supported by studies performed on patients who have undergone radial keratotomy.

Cornea↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. A clinical update.

Optimal therapy for stage III and stage IV squamous carcinoma arising in the head and neck requires a multidisciplinary approach, including chemotherapy. Advances have identified several chemotherapeutic agents and combinations of agents that show substantial antitumor activity in this disease. While antitumor activity can be documented, experience indicates the duration of antitumor effect is short, and the toxicity may limit further therapy. To date, studies have not shown an advantage of combination chemotherapy over single agents. Theoretically, combination chemotherapy should increase patient survival through regression of the primary tumor as well as ablation of distant metastases. An analysis of recent trials with patients who received induction chemotherapy before definitive local treatment suggests that regression of tumor in stage III and stage IV lesions before definitive therapy may increase local treatment for regional disease. Randomized trials are needed to confirm or disprove the efficacy of combination chemotherapy for advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗