Biomedical subjects

D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D Miller.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Regulation of the synthesis of adenylate cyclase in Escherichia coli by the cAMP -- cAMP receptor protein complex.

The synthesis of the adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphatelyase-(cyclizing), E.C. 4.6.1.1.] of Escherichia coli, appears to be regulated negatively by the cAMP receptor protein, CRP. This conclusion is based on a comparison of adenylate cyclase activities measured in vitro with the rates of cAMP synthesis by intact bacteria. The activity of adenylate cyclase, depending on conditions of growth, is also regulated by CRP; this effect, however, is indirect insofar as it is mediated by a protein or proteins under CRP control.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1981

Ro 21-7634, a new antiallergic agent with potent oral activity.

Ro 21-7634 was examined for oral antiallergic activity in two in vivo models commonly used to evaluate antiallergics. In the rat PCA test, this drug had an oral ID50 of 1.14 mg/kg and was found to be more potent than several other antiallergics including Disodium Cromoglycate (cromoglycate), Oxatomide, Doxanthrazole, Xanoxate, 2,6-bis (ethyoxyoxalylamino) pyridine, PRD-92-EA and M + B 22,948. In contrast to cromoglycate, Ro 21-7634 was found to be an orally active inhibitor of antigen-induced broncho-constriction in passively sensitized rats (ID50 = 0.2 mg/kg). In addition, Ro 21-7634 inhibited antigen-induced histamine release in an in vivo passive peritoneal anaphylaxis test system, following intraperitoneal administration. Ro 21-7634 demonstrated no end organ antagonism toward histamine, metacholine or serotonin in the guinea pig.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1981

Intraocular lens power check.

We have developed a simple procedure that uses a standard keratometer to determine the power of an intraocular lens that is still in its sterile package. The procedure is accurate to within +/-0.5 diopter and may be used in conjunction with any intraocular lens packaging system in which the convex side of a plano-convex intraocular lens is clearly visible through a clear, flat surface.

Humans↗

PubMed1981

Sleep-inducing effects of three hypnotics in a new model of insomnia in rats.

Sleep-inducing effects of hypnotic drugs are difficult to demonstrate in rats because of high baseline sleep times. Most increases in slow wave sleep (SWS) following the administration of hypnotics have been found to be at the expense of REM sleep rather than waking. In the first experiment we found that rats chronically implanted with electrodes for recording ECoG and EMG slept significantly less during the first two hours of the dark period when housed under 16-hr light 8-hr dark (16L/8D) than when housed under 12L/12D conditions. The second experiment examined the effects of flurazepam, phenobarbital and thalidomide administered orally at the onset of the two-hour period of increased waking resulting from the 16L/8D lighting. All three drugs caused dose-dependent reductions in waking and increases in SWS with no alterations in REM% of total sleep time. Sleep onset latency was also significantly was also significantly reduced by all three drugs. As in man, flurazepam was the most potent, and thalidomide was the least potent of the hypnotics in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Reinforcing and other behavioral effects of nicotine.

Published findings of intravenous nicotine self-injection indicate that the reinforcing properties of nicotine are weak when the drug is made available according to continuous reinforcement (CRF) or fixed-ratio (FR) schedules. CRF self-injection rates are generally only 2-3 times saline control levels and self-injection frequency is largely insensitive to changes in unit dose. In contrast, drugs of the psychomotor stimulant, opiate, and sedative-hypnotic classes, with similar pharmacokinetic parameters, maintain much higher self-injection rates and show systematic changes in rate with unit dose variations. Recent studies using interval and second-order schedules of nicotine presentation have been more successful in maintaining higher rates of self-administration behavior. Systematic dose-response functions have also been found under these conditions. Food-deprivation, species and strain differences, circadian rhythms, and duration of exposure to the drug also appear to be important variables in determining self-injection rate. Finally, the rapid development of tolerance to the effects of nicotine may account for changes in the pattern of self-administration within daily sessions and the differential sensitivity of those patterns to nicotine pretreatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Use of computerized tomography in dose calculations for radiation treatment planning.

The detailed anatomic information provided by CT scanners can be used to improve the accuracy of dose distribution calculations for radiation treatment planning. Commonly used methods for dose computations are described, with emphasis on their use with CT data, and measured data are presented to illustrate their relative merits. Modification of CT numbers to account for the difference in energies of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation is discussed. A description of a typical CT-based radiation treatment planning system is presented.

Humans↗

PubMed1981

A teaching eye model for ophthalmoscopy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Eye↗

PubMed1981

Health in Khulais villages, Saudi Arabia. An educational project.

A field work project was conducted in Khulais villages by the Department of Community Medicine, Riyadh Faculty of Medicine, in February 1977. The project involved jointly Riyadh University and the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health, as well as other organizations. Over a 10-day period, twenty-five students of the fourth-year medical class under the supervision of seven members of the staff studied health problems and rendered selected health services to the community. Project activities included a study of a sample of 280 schoolchildren by clinical examination, anthropometric measurement and selected laboratory investigations; a house-to-house survey; a study of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis and malaria; immunization of pre-school children; a health education programme and an evaluation of the health centre's activities. The main objective was to give the students an appreciation of the need for team-work in approaching community health and help to cultivate their interest in community medicine as an applied discipline.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed1981

Left and wrong in adverts: Neuropsychological correlates of aesthetic preference.

Twenty left-handed and 20 right-handed subjects were found to differ significantly in their preferences for the left-right arrangement of words and pictures in advertisements. The right-handers preferred the picture to the left of the text, while left-handers had no overall preference, but showed a wider range of individual variation. The results are interpreted as demonstrating an influence of hemispheric specialization on everyday aesthetic preferences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Effective of highly selective vagotomy upon the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Recently highly selective vagotomy has been suggested as both a cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux and a potential cure. This study was designed to investigate whether this operation produced any change in the resting pressure or the length of the lower oesophageal sphincter in patients undergoing highly selective vagotomy. A group of patients undergoing truncal vagotomy and drainage were also studied for comparison. No alteration in the resting pressure or length of the lower oesophageal sphincter was noted after either operation. It is therefore unlikely that interference with the sphincter is responsible for post-vagotomy reflux.

Esophagogastric Junction↗

PubMed1981

The differential diagnosis of the mass in the neck. A fresh look.

A diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma by light microscopy in a neck node biopsy is insufficient to come to a conclusive answer as to the type of tumor with which one is dealing. The fact that undifferentiated carcinoma by light microscopy may very well be a histiocytic lymphoma with a different mode of treatment and an increasingly improved cure rate has changed the mode of evaluation in arriving at a diagnosis of the node in the neck with no visible primary in the upper aerodigestive tract.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1981

Improved survival for patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck treated with methotrexate-leucovorin prior to definitive radiotherapy or surgery.

Patients presenting with Stage III-IV squamous carcinoma of the head and neck often relapse following aggressive surgery and/or radiotherapy. In an attempt to increase survival in this high risk group of patients, HD-MTX, 3 gm./m2/dose, given weekly, was administered to 21 inoperable patients with Stage III/IV squamous carcinoma of head and neck prior to, and for 1 month after, definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy. Six of 11 patients (55%) who showed a significant response (greater than 50% reduction in tumor volume) to HD-MTX are alive and free of tumor greater than 38 months following treatment (p = 0.6) (Fisher Exact Test). Responder median survival is greater than 38 months while non-responder median survival is 15 months (p = .02) (Log Rank Test). For the entire treatment group, at a mean duration of 44.2 months following initiation of therapy, 7 patients (33%) remain alive and free of tumor. Patients responding to induction MTX-LCV more often become eligible for combined modality approach than did the non-responder group. This "downstaging" of the tumor prior to aggressive surgery or radiotherapy may be responsible for the increased survival rate seen in those patients who responded to MTX-LCV.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1981

Immunologic evaluation in the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A report from Childrens Cancer Study Group.

Eight-hundred ninety-five previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were entered on a protocol designed to provide results of selected immunologic tests. At diagnosis, delayed hypersensitivity tests with four antigens (tetanus, diptheria, candida, and SKSD), immunoglobulin levels, tests for serum inhibition to phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis, and HLA-A, B, and C typing were performed. Although delayed lymphocyte blastogenesis have been reported previously to be abnormal in ALL, we did not find them to be associated with disease outcome. Thirty percent of the patients had reduced levels of one or more immunoglobulins. The frequency of remission was less in those patients with decreased IgG and IgA. IgA and IgM showed prognostic importance in remission duration, and all three fractions appeared to have prognostic significance for survival duration. Although none of the HLA types appeared to be associated with significantly increased or decreased success in remission induction, patients with antigens A28 or B12 and patients bearing lymphocyte A11/B35 had shorter remissions. our results indicate that the immunologic factors studied, hypogammaglobulinemia and certain HLA antigens may be related to disease control and outcome in ALL.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981