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Biomedical subjects

D Middleton

Publications and source records attributed to D Middleton.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pre-transplantation immunological monitoring and graft survival in recipients of renal allografts.

Various immunological parameters were measured pre-transplantation in 82 renal transplant recipients. The results were compared with the clinical course of the recipient post-transplantation and with the results of 40 controls. Only one test C3 inactivation products (C3i) was associated with transplant outcome in that 0/30 patients with no rejection episodes had C3i whereas 9/38 patients with rejection episodes, including 3/12 patients whose graft failed, had C3i.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anilides related to substituted benzamides. Potential antipsychotic activity of N-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide.

The substituted benzamides are used clinically both as antipsychotics and as stimulants of gastric motility. The antipsychotic effects are considered to be a consequence of their central dopamine antagonist properties, but there is evidence that the gastric stimulatory effects may be mediated by other mechanisms. Clebopride (3) is a substituted benzamide that although marketed for its stimulatory effects on gastric motility, is also a potent central dopamine antagonist. The corresponding anilide, BRL 20596 (4a), where the amide bond has been reversed, has been synthesized and found to lack gastric stimulatory activity. However, the potent central dopamine antagonist activity is retained, suggesting that benzamides and anilides have similar affinities for central dopamine receptors. The implications of the conformations adopted by benzamides and anilides at such receptors are discussed. Evidence is also presented that there is a further lipophilic binding site on such receptors for which the N-benzyl group is an optimal fit.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

HLA antigen frequency in erythema multiforme and in recurrent herpes simplex.

In this study the HLA antigen frequency was determined in a group of patients with erythema multiforme and in a separate group of patients with recurrent herpes simplex to establish whether either disease had any antigens whose frequency deviated from that of a normal population. The frequency of HLA-B15 was significantly increased in both patient groups (P less than 0.5). The increase in the erythema multiforme group does not appear to be due to the fact that some of the erythema multiforme patients have associated herpes simplex and this increase remained significant after further correction for the number of antigens tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of HLA antigen association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

One hundred and thirteen patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for at least 15 years were typed for 22 HLA antigens of the A and B series. Fifty-six patients had severe bilateral proliferative retinopathy and 57 had no retinopathy. There was no statistical difference in frequency of HLA antigens between the 2 groups of diabetic patients. There was a significantly higher frequency of HLA B15 and a significant lower frequency of HLA B14, B17 in the combined diabetic groups than in a control population of 200 normal blood donors.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1981

H.L.A. antigens in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

One hundred and four patients with diabetes mellitus present for at least 15 years were tissue typed for HLA antigens AI and B8. Fifty six patients had severe proliferative retinopathy and 48 patients no retinopathy. The results were compared with a group of 200 normal blood donors. There was no significant difference in frequency of AI and B8 between the two groups od diabetic patients. The HLA pattern A-I B+8 was more frequently present among the group of patients with proliferative retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Increased incidence of IgM class smooth muscle antibody in patients after renal transplantation.

Autoantibodies were examined in 70 patients with renal failure, before acceptance on a hemodialysis program, during the program, and up to 3 months after renal transplantation. Smooth muscle antibody (SMA) in the IgM class was detected in 76% of the patients after transplantation compared with 14% before transplantation. This increase was significant at the 5% level. Furthermore, two groups of patients were distinguished on the basis of a 4-fold or greater increase or no demonstrable increase in the titer of IgM SMA after transplantation. Rejection episodes occurred more frequently amongst patients from this former group (67%) compared with the latter group (35%).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Baseline pharmacology, electrophysiology and pharmacokinetics of mexiletine.

Mexiletine is effective in abolishing experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmias and belongs to the Vaughan-Williams Class I group of antiarrhythmic agents. It depresses the maximum rate of depolarisation with little or no modification of resting potentials or the duration of action potentials. When given intravenously mexiletine redistributes rapidly from plasma to tissues after a single intravenous injection. Therapeutic plasma concentrations lie in the region of 1-2 mcg/ml and in order to achieve these concentrations rapidly an initial loading dose is desirable. After oral administration it is rapidly and well adsorbed. An initial oral loading dose is advisable to achieve constant adequate plasma concentrations. The prior administration of opiates may delay oral absorption but this is compensated for by a larger initial loading dose. The half-life may vary under certain circumstances and lies in the region of 10-16 hours. Some 10-15% is excreted unchanged in the urine within 72 hours of oral administration. Mexiletine is largely metabolised in the liver and although there is some renal excretion with pH dependent tubular reabsorption, in clinical practice this has not presented any major problems.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

HLA antigen frequencies in flax byssinosis patients.

Not all workers exposed to flax dust contract byssinosis. It is not known what determines susceptibility or insusceptibility. This study is an attempt to establish whether the incidence of histocompatibility antigens is involved in susceptibility to the disease. Forty patients suffering from flax byssinosis were tissue-typed for HLA-A and -B antigens. HLA-B27 was significantly more common in the patients (22.5%) than in the controls (5.5%); P = 0.029 after correction for the number of antigens compared. HLA-A11 was present in twelve patients (30%) compared with 14% in the controls; after correction for the number of comparisons, this is not a statistically significant increase. Because HLA-B27, though significantly more common in flax byssinosis, is not necessary for its occurrence (77.5% of our patients did not have it), it is possible that the increase in the frequency of HLA-B27 is attributable to an association with other genes, perhaps those regulating the immune response or coding for antigens at other HLA loci.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

HLA-antigen frequencies in patients with a Plummer-Vinson stricture.

Factors of individual susceptibility seem to be involved in the occurrence of Plummer-Vinson stricture, which is a permanent stricture of the cervical esophagus associated with long continued iron deficiency. Fifty female patients with Plummer-Vinson stricture were HLA typed and the antigen frequencies were compared with those of 75 female blood donors from the same geographic area and of the same race. A comparison was also made with the HLA antigen frequencies of a group of 200 blood donors (75 female and 125 male). There were no statistically significant differences in the HLA antigen distributions of the three groups.

Adult↗