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Biomedical subjects

D M Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D M Wilson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Normal renal function: CIN and CPAH in healthy donors before and after nephrectomy.

To establish normal values for glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow for age and sex, the records of 141 healthy renal transplant donors were reviewed. These patients had no history of renal or systemic disease, had normal physical examinations, and had normal laboratory studies in addition to having studies of the clearances of insulin (Cin) and para-amino hippurate (Cpah) preoperatively. Regression analysis of the clearance data revealed no significant sex differences in renal function. A linear age-related decline in renal function begins in the 20's and decreases by 4 ml/min per decade for Cin and by 35 ml/min per decade for Cpah through the 60's, our oldest patients studied; therefore, the absolute lower limits of normal (lower fifth percentile) for Cin and Cpah were calculated as a function of age. Residual function was constant with average postoperative clearances 70% of preoperative values regardless of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The role of denervation in renal transplantation on renal function in the dog.

The role of denervation in renal transplantation on renal function in the dog was assessed in a controlled study. There was no significant difference between innervated and denervated kidney with regard to effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary potassium excretion. However, urinary sodium excretion was elevated, and a significant increase in urinary bicarbonate excretion was observed in the in situ denervated or autotransplanted kidney compared with the innervated control kidney. Denervation rather than either tubular damage from the transplantation procedure or a decreased glomerular filtration rate probably is responsible in part for the observed posttransplant urinary sodium and bicarbonate loss and its associated metabolic problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Indomethacin enhancement of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rabbits.

Seventy-three rabbits (2 to 3 kg in weight) were studied during a control period and after receiving 50% glycerol (G) or mercuric chloride (M) with or without indomethacin (I) (controls received the diluent used for I). Plasma creatinine, plasma renin activity, blood pressure, sodium and potassium concentrations, hematocrit value, urinary output, body wt and histologic appearance of the kidney were determined. I enhanced the incidence and severity of the acute renal failure produced by G but failed to aggravate that produced by M. Because the dose of I used in this study blocked the synthesis of renal prostaglandins in the rabbit, we suggest that renal prostaglandins protect against the development of G-induced acute renal failure (a circulatory type of renal failure) in this animal model. Furthermore, the failure of I to aggravate M-induced acute renal failure indicates that it is unlikely that I aggravates G-induced acute renal failure by a direct nephrotoxic effect. No evidence was found for other possible side actions of I being responsible for the observed aggravation.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Effects of extracellular fluid volume contraction and expansion on the bicarbonaturia of parathyroid hormone.

To evaluate the effect of extracellular fluid volume alterations on the bicarbonaturia of parathyroid hormone, thyroparathyroidectomized dogs were made alkalotic and volume-contracted or expanded through hemodialysis. Clearance studies were performed before and after infusion of purified bovine parathyroid extract (PTE). Glomerular filtration rate and blood bicarbonate concentrations were kept constant throughout the experiments. A significant increase in fractional bicarbonate excretion was observed following PTE infusion in both the volume-contracted (8.67 +/- 3.25 to 14.70 +/- 3.63%, P less than 0.010) and the volume-expanded state (22.80 +/- 3.04 to 37.26 +/- 3.38%, P less than 0.050). It is concluded that PTE decreases reabsorption of bicarbonate independent of the volume state of the animal.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed1975

Influence of modified atmosphere storage on aflatoxin production in high moisture corn.

Samples of freshly harvested corn and remoistened corn were inoculated with Asphergillus flavus and stored for 4 weeks at about 27 C in air and three modified atmospheres. Aflatoxins and fat acidity were determined weekly. Corn stored in the modified atmospheres did not accumulate over 15 mug of total aflatoxins per kg. Corn from the high CO2 treatment (61.7 per cent CO2, 8.7 per cent O2, and 29.6 per cent N2) was visibly molded at 4 weeks and had a higher fat acidity than the other treatments. In the N2 (99.7 per cent N2 and 0.3 per cent O2) and controlled atmosphere (13.5 per cent CO2, 0.5 per cent O2, 84.5 per cent N2) treatments, a fermentation-like odor was detected. When the corn was removed from the modified atmospheres it deteriorated rapidly and was soon contaminated with aflatoxins.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1975

Survival of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme in high-moisture corn stored under modified atmospheres.

Freshly harvested high-moisture corn with 29.4% moisture and corn remoistened to 19.6% moisture were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. and stored for 4 weeks at about 27 C in air (0.03% CO2, 21% O2, and 78% N2) and three modified atmospheres: (i) 99.7% N2 and 0.3% O2; (ii) 61.7% CO2, 8.7% O2, and 29.6% N2; and (iii) 13.5% CO2, 0.5% O2, and 84.8% N2. Kernel infections by A. flavus, Fusarium moniliforme (Sheld.) Snyd. et Hans., and other fungi were monitored weekly. The modified-atmosphere treatments delayed deterioration by A. flavus and F. moniliforme, but their growth was not completely stopped. A. flavus survived better in the remoistened than in the freshly harvested corn. F. moniliforme survived in both. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the dominant fungi in corn removed from the modified atmospheres and exposed to normal air for 1 week.

Air↗
PubMed1975

Changes in plasma renin substrate, plasma and renal renin, and plasma osmolarity during glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rabbits.

Seven groups of rabbits were studied before or at various intervals after the subcutaneous administration of 50 percent glycerol in isotonic saline (14 ml/kg). A sharp increase in plasma crystalloid osmolarity, due to glycerol reabsorption from the subcutaneous tissue, was detected at 1.5 and 6 hours and was maximal between 12 and 20 hours. Plasma renin activity did not change at 1.5 hours, but it was significantly elevated at 6 hours and maximally increased between 12 and 20 hours. The increase of plasma crystalloid osmolarity might contribute to renin release in this experimental model. Changes in renal renin levels after the administration of glycerol were not significant, although lower renal renin values were consistently found in rabbits with more severe impairment of renal function. Plasma renin substrate increased later than plasma renin activity (20 hours) and remained high after plasma renin activity had returned to normal (48 hours). The increase of plasma renin substrate was interpreted as mainly due to the impairment of renal function, since a positive correlation was found between plasma creatinine and plasma renin substrate.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Indirect blood pressure measurements in the rabbit: correlations with direct aortic and ear pressures.

Blood pressures in the central artery of the ear were determined in rabbits by the use of a modified Grant-Rothschild pressure capsule using two end-points defined as the complete cessation (occlusion) or restoration (opening) of the arterial blood flow. In normal rabbits, the opening values measured by the capsule were closely related to diastolic pressures measured directly in the aorta or in the central artery of the ear, whereas the values obtained during arterial occlusion were higher, by a reproducible amount, than the direct systolic recordings in both the ear and the aorta. In rabbits rendered chronically hypertensive, systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured directly in the aorta and the ear were less (in a predictable manner) than their correspondent occlusion and opening values recorded with the capsule. The amount of this difference increased proportionally as blood pressure increased. Differences between direct and capsular recordings were less consistent in rabbits made acutely hypertensive with infusions of angiotensin. Through regression analysis, systolic and diastolic pressures in the aorta and in the central artery of the ear can be reliably predicted from capsular reading.

Angiotensin II↗