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Biomedical subjects

D M Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D M Wilson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Renal stone epidemiology: a 25-year study in Rochester, Minnesota.

There are no adequate studies of the incidence of urolithiasis in the United States, in spite of earlier claims that a "stone belt" exists in the southeastern section of the country. This report is the first description of the incidence and recurrence rates for symptomatic noninfected renal stones in a well-defined population. A total of 798 patients were enrolled in the study group, of whom 672 were incidence cases having had their first episode as documented residents of Rochester, Minnesota, between 1950 and the end of 1974. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate for females was stable over the 25-year study period at 36.0 per 100,000 population. That for males increased significantly (P less than 0.02) from 78.5 per 100,000 to 123.6 per 100,000. Recurrence calculations showed a high rate for both sexes in the first year, followed by lower but constant rates for all succeeding years.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An evaluation of the immunoperoxidase technique in renal biopsy diagnosis.

An evaluation of the use of horseradish peroxidase labelled antisera against IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 compared with corresponding antisera labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate has been carried out on renal biopsy material from 200 patients with renal disease. A disparity between the two methods was observed in 10-19% of the readings according to the antigen being demonstrated. The majority of differences recorded would not have influenced the executive diagnosis. Where the immunological results could have influenced the executive diagnosis, 5 probable false results were obtained using innumofluorescence and 4 with immunoperoxidase. Immunoperoxidase has the advantage over immunofluorescence in that it provides a permanent preparation which can be reviewed months or years later. In addition it provides more accurate localization of the immune deposits since the section can be counterstained with Mayer's hemalum and viewed by conventional light microscopy. In view of these advantages we recommend that serious consideration should be given to using immunoperoxidase in place of immunofluorescence for the examination of renal biopsy material.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Determination of citrinin in corn and barley.

A method is described for determining citrinin in corn and barley. The initial extraction uses an aqueous acidified acetonitrile solution, and the resulting solution is partially purified by several partition steps. Citrinin is determined by using either high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography (TLC). For HPLC, the extract is injected on a reverse phase column, eluted with either 0.25N H3PO4-methanol (45 + 55) or 0.25N H3PO4-acetonitrile (50 + 50), and detected by fluorescence (excitation 325--385 nm, emission above 451 nm). Recovery of added citrinin from corn by this method is 60--87% at levels of 50--4000 microgram/kg. For TLC, the chromatographic plates are impregnated with oxalic acid by dipping them in an oxalic acid-methanol solution before spotting and development. Recovery of added citrinin from corn, using TLC, is 40--100% at levels of 50--40000 microgram-kg.

Benzopyrans↗
PubMed1977

Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from silage.

Results are presented which show that Aspergillus fumigatus was one of the predominant fungi contaminating moldy silage. Growth of A. fumigatus on silage appeared to depend on a preliminary aerobic fermentation by other natural microflora in silage. The clavine alkaloid, fumigaclavine A, and a new clavine alkaloid designated fumigaclavine C were produced by A. fumigatus. The LD50 of fumigaclavine C was approximately 150 mg/kg oral dose in day-old cockerels.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1977

Clinical features and management of cystinuria.

Cystinuria is a complex hereditary disorder that affects both sexes with equal frequency and severity. Symptoms usually begin early (children and young adults) but may develop at any age. Stature is normal and there are no clinical nutritional abnormalities. The morbidity of cystine urolithiasis is considerable. Hyperuricemia is a frequent associated finding and is probably the result of multiple factors. No other abnormalities are consistently related to this disease. Treatment with adequate oral fluids to ensure a copious urine volume and with oral alkali to keep the urine alkaline is most successful when used prophylactically in the stone-free patient. However, dissolution of existing calculi is unlikely with this regimen alone. The addition of D-penicillamine often results in dissolution of stones and prevention of recurrent calculi in patients who have continued stone growth despite the use of oral fluids and alkali. Because toxic reactions with D-penicillamine are frequent and sometimes severe, this drug should be used only when necessary and then as an adjunct to rather than a substitute for increased oral fluids and alkali. Failure of treatment in spite of adequate therapy should alert the physician to the possibility of coexisting complicating problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The diarrhoeas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1976

Value of renal biopsy in acute intrinsic renal failure.

Eighty-four patients presented with acute renal failure and features suggesting a diagnosis of intrinsic renal disease other than "acute reversible renal failure." Renal biopsy proved valuable in establishing the diagnosis, in indicating the reversibility of the lesion, and in helping to decide on treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Protonmotive force as the source of energy for adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis in Escherichia coli.

Net synthesis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in energy-depleted cells of Escherichia coli was observed when an inwardly directed protonmotive force was artificially imposed. In wild-type cells, ATP synthesis occurred whether the protonmotive force was dominated by the membrane potential (negative inside) or the pH gradient (alkaline inside). Formation of ATP did not occur unless the protonmotive force exceeded a value of 200 mV. Under these conditions, no ATP synthesis was found when cells were exposed to an inhibitor of the membrane-bound Ca2+- and Mg2+- stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or to a proton conductor, carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone. Adenosine triphosphatase-negative mutants failed to show ATP synthesis in response to either a membrane potential or a pH gradient. ATP synthesis driven by a protonmotive force was observed in a cytochrome-deficient mutant. These observations are consistent with the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell (1961, 1966, 1974).

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1976

Two toxic indole alkaloids from Penicillium islandicum.

Two new isomeric metabolites, toxins A and B, were isolated from culture extracts of Penicillium islandicum. Both toxins had a molecular formula of C16H15O2N2Cl, and physical and chemical analyses indicated that they were indole alkaloids. LD50 of toxin A was about 75-125 mg/kg in day-old cockerels. Insufficient toxin B was available to determine accurate LD50 values. Toxin A moderately inhibited growth of wheat coleoptiles but did not inhibit growth of week-old intact corn and bean plants. Toxin B showed no plant-growth inhibition.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1976

Screening method for the detection of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin.

A modification of the official method for ochratoxins and a screening method for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin is described and expanded to include citrinin and penicillic acid. The method uses 0.5N phosphoric acidchloroform (1+10) in the initial extraction; the extract is divided and eluted from 2 columns to provide a quantitative thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method for aflatoxin and ochratoxin in corn and dried beans. Aflatoxin and zearalenone are eluted from one column and ochratoxin, penicillic acid, and citrinin from the other. Ochratoxin A recoveries are low (50%) in peanuts. Zearalenone, penicillic acid, and citrinin were qualitatively recovered from corn and beans; zearalenone and penicillic acid were recovered from peanuts but citrinin was not. Several TLC solvents were used to separate interferences.

Aflatoxins↗