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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Trachoma in a rural Haitian community.

We selected 43 patients, aged 15 days to 57 yesrs, for intensive study after screening 975 people for clinical evidence of trachoma in rural Haiti. Trachoma was present in Haiti with low endemicity and was followed by relatively mild sequelae. Laboratory studies confirmed the disease through demonstration of conjunctival inclusion bodies by immunofluoresence and serotyping of antibody in sera or eye secretions, or both. Of 23 patients (age 1 to 36 years) with active trachoma, all had serum antibody to chlamydia (range 1:10 to 1:640), nine had eye secretion antibody (range 1:10 to 1:1280), and one was inclusion positive. The remaining 20 patients (age 15 days to 57 years) had the following diagnosis: atypical follicles (eight), conjunctivitis with or without mucopurulent discharge (ten) innactive pannus only (one), and severe anemia (one). Only 16 of the 20 were tested for serum antibody and all were positive (1:10 to 1:5,120), 11 of 20 had eye secretion antibody (1:10 to less than or equal to 1:640), and one was inclusion positive. Serotyping attempted on 22 patients yielded 16 patients with antibodies specific for type A, one patient with type B, and five who were not typed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Experimental iridectomy with bipolar microcautery.

Peripheral iridectomy was performed in pigmented rabbits after the application of bipolar microcautery to the iris surface. At low doses of cautery, no increase in postoperative inflammation or complications was noted clinically or pathologically in control eyes. High doses of cautery resulted in an increased incidence of postoperative inflammation, corneal opacity, hyphema, iris prolapse, lens changes, and poor wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Traumatic rupture of healed cataract wounds.

Three patients suffered blunt trauma that caused rupture of the site of cataract incision three to 12 years after surgery. Epithelial cells were noted in the old cataract would of a 79-year-old white man. The second patient, a 25-year-old black women, had bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis and loss of vitreous humor at the time of lens extraction. The third patient, a 63-year-old white woman, had open-angle glaucoma treated previously with filtering procedures and cyclocryotherapy. The ultimate outcome was poor in each case.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis diagnosed by conjunctival biopsy.

Ophthalmologic examination of a 31-year-old black man presenting with an intractable gastric ulcer revealed small conjunctival nodules in the lower cul-desac that were sarcoid granulomas by microscopy. Previous endoscopic examination had revealed polyps in the gastric antrum, and a biopsy and microscopic examination had revealed granulomatous lesions, but a definite diagnosis could not be made until the ophthalmoscopic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Metastatic intraocular carcinoma: clinicopathologic study of a case.

This case report describes the fluorescein angiography, the radioactive scintigraphy, and the pathologic findings of an intraocular metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma which occurred in a 64-year-old white man. In spite of extensive studies, no definitive differential diagnosis between primary and secondary eye lesion could be established before enucleation for intractable pain. This case illustrates that presently available methods are not adequate for correct differential diagnosis in such cases.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1976

Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma in a dog.

A malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma that arose from the ciliary body was found in an adult Beagle. The anterior part contained relatively well-differentiated tumor cells, cartilage, and ganglion cells. These structures were interpreted as teratoid formations derived from the embryonic anlage of the medullary epithelium. The more posterior part was highly anaplastic and invasive. A transitional area contained neural rosettes of the Flexner-Wintersteiner type. This tumor is rare in both man and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.

Thirty-eight newborn Beagle puppies from eight litters of a specific pathogen-free colony maintained in isolation were inoculated with canine herpesvirus. Pups were killed between one and 30 days after inoculation. Histopathologic studies were carried out on the eyes and other tissues in conjunction with fluorescent antibody and viral isolation studies. Evidence of ocular inflammation manifested by panuveitis with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was usually seen by the fourth day after infection. Eyes with severe inflammation showed peripheral anterior synechiae, cataract, and keratitis. The presence of the virus was confirmed by viral isolation from ocular tissues and fluorescent antibody studies. Developmental anomalies included retinal dysplasia with fold and tube formation of the neural retina, retardation of retinal maturation, and areas of necrosis and reorganization were seen. The retinal pigment epithelium showed initially patchy depigmentation and vacuolization and, subsequently, folding hypertrophy and duplication as well as areas of widespread atrophy and patchy loss. In some animals ectopic retina was found within cystic spaces of the optic nerve. These experiments confirm the ability of canine herpes infection in neonatal pups to produce severe ocular inflammation with subsequent retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Successful therapy of herpes hominis keratitis in rabbits by 5-iodo-5'-amino-2'5'-dideoxyuridine (AIU): a novel analog of thymidine.

The efficiency of 5-iodo-5'-amino-2'5'-dideoxyuridine (AIU) in the therapy of experimental herpes keratitis in rabbits has been examined. Virus infections were established bilaterally in 40 animals using herpes simplex, type 1 (NIH strain 11124). Twenty-four hours after infection the rabbits were divided into five matched groups of eight and each group was treated, double-blind, with topical drugs at four-hour intervals for a total of 72 hours. The solutions instilled were: (1) saline; (2) IdUrd, 1 mg. per milliliter; (3) AIU, 1 mg. per milliliter; (4) AIU, 4 mg. per milliter; and (5) AIU, 8 mg. per milliliter. Each eye was examined daily for 12 days and graded independently by two ophthalmologists. Although IdUrd and AIU (8 mg. per milliliter) were effective therapeutically, IdUrd had a greater effect. The AIU at 1 and 4 mg. per milliliter were less active, but showed more rapid healing than the saline control. Viral recovery studies are consistent with the clinical observations. A second independent experiment, similar to that described above, gave essentially identical results. Although less potent than IdUrd, AIU does provide effective therapy for herpes keratitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

Flecked retina. Appearance secondary to oxalate crystals from methoxyflurane anesthesia.

Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of a 66-year old white man with changes in the fundus oculi consistent with the flecked retina ayndrome. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis, mild hypertension, and mild renal insufficiency presumed due to his hypertension. He underwent prolonged abdominal surgery under methoxyflurane anesthesia, following which he developed acute irreversible renal failure. Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated postoperatively in a kidney biopsy specimen. He subsequently was maintained on renal dialysis with decreasing renal function. Several weeks before his death fundus examination revealed a picture suggestive of a flecked retina syndrome. At autopsy, widespread oxalosis was found including crystals in the RPE and in some areas in the neural retina and cillary epithelium.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Photodynamic inactivation in experimental herpetic keratitis.

The effect of photodynamic inactivation on experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits was investigated using neutral red as a photosensitizing dye followed by exposure to light at 425nm. Combined dye application and light exposure early in the disease (two days following infection) reduced to a minimal extent the severity and duration of the acute epithelial infection. The effect on well-established keratitis (three days postinfection) was negligible as evaluated by clinical grading, viral recovery, and histopathological study. In initial experiments, it was found that the dye and light did not have any observable deleterious effect on intact corneas or cause any noticeable delay in healing of injured cornias. Further, when light or dye were utilized alone, neither changed the severity or duration of the keratitis. In vitro treatment of the virus with light and dye destroys its ability to produce experimental keratitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Black hypopyon: report of two cases.

Two patients are described in whom black hypopyon and black keratic precipitates occurred as a result of intraocular melanoma. In one instance the hypopyon was due to a clinically unsuspected primary choroidal melanoma in an eye with opaque media; in the second case the tumor was metastatic to the uvea froma cutaneous melanoma. Histological examination showed the hypopyon to be composed of pigment-laden macrophages and neoplastic melanoma cells.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1975

Light and electron microscopic study of dysplastic rosette-like structures occurring in the disorganized mature retina.

Histopathologic examination of six, adult human eyes revealed "rosette-like" structures in the retina which appear to have developed after maturation of the retina. These structures resemble dysplastic rosettes which are generally interpreted as a sign of maldevelopment of the retina (retinal dysplasia). The underlying lesions in the eyes of these patients were ocular ischemia, sickle-cell retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, and trauma. It is suggested that a distinction should be made between these degenerative-regressive changes and dysplastic rosettes which represent an abortive attempt of regeneration by germinal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

IgA associated lymphoplasmacytic tumor involving the conjunctiva, eyelid, and orbit.

A 65-year-old white man had an unusual disseminated lymphoid tumor that first appeared in the subconjunctival tissues of the right eye. The tumor later appeared in the skin, lymph nodes, and left upper eyelid and orbit. A monoclonal serum IgA spike was present although the urine did not contain Bence Jones proteins. The cells of the tumor appeared to be plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Prominent intranuclear inclusions, or Dutcher bodies, were present. Throughtout the 11-year history, the patient has been treated only with local excision and radiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Ocular clinical findings and basement membrane changes in Goodpasture's syndrome.

Goodpasture's syndrome is a rapidly progressive disease characterized by the onset of pulmonary hemorrhage with glomerulonephritis, leading to pulmonary and renal failure. The hallmark of this disease is linear deposition of antibasement membrane IgG in the basement membranes of the kidney and lung. In two cases of nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome, the first patient demonstrated multiple ischemic areas in the choroid on fluorescein angiography. Histopathologic and immunologic studies of the eyes in the second patient demonstrated macular edema and elevation of the retina in association with choroidal infarction and linear deposition of IgG in Burch's membrane and the basement membranes of the choroidal vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Solitary choroidal metastasis from bronchial carcinoid.

This report describes the clinical, light microscopical, and electron microscopical features of a metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumour occurring in a 29-year-old white woman. The eye lesions was diagnosed 30months after resection of the primary pulmonary tumour. Ophthalmoscopically the patient was observed to have a solid choroidal mass. Enucleation was carried out because of the possibility that the tumour was a primary choroidal melanoma. Enucleation was also indicated because of the relatively good prognosis for long-term survival in patients following excision of metastases from a bronchial carcinoid tumour. By light microscopy the metastasis was seen to be composed of cords; and ribbons of cells which showed positive staining characteristics for argentophilia. On electron microscopical study, neurosecretory vesicles, numerous microvilli, mitochondria, and light and dark cells, characteristic of endocrine tissue in different states of activity were noted.

Adult↗