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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Optic nerve decompression. A clinical pathologic study.

Decompression of the perioptic meninges for intractable chronic papilledema was done in a patient with a right parietal temporal glioblastoma multiforme. The patient died 39 days postoperatively. Histologic study of the optic nerves indicated fistulas in the dura compatible with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) egress and maintenance of a normal subarachnoid space around the nerve. Two additional patients with unilateral optic nerve decompression producing bilateral resolution of papilledema were studied. We contend that egress of CSF was the principle mode of action in these three cases. How long the dural fistula remains patent is unknown. Reports in the literature show considerable variation in the effects of optic nerve decompression. Anatomic variation of the intracanalicular subarachnoid space together with differences in underlying pathologic condition, surgical technique, and patient response may explain discrepancies among the results reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinically unsuspected phacoanaphylaxis after ocular trauma.

Phacoanaphylaxis (lens-induced uveitis) is a potentially curable ocular inflammation secondary to lens truma. Recently we have seen three clinically undiagnosed enucleation specimens in our eye pathology laboratory with this entity. Our observations add an argument to the recent concept that early lens removal in cases of traumatic cataract with lens capsule rupture would ultimately lead to better visual results.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mycosis fungoides. Intraocular and central nervous system involvement.

A 58-year-old man with mycosis fungoides was treated with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation for the recurrent cutaneous form of this disease. Five years after the onset, he developed blurring of vision, neurologic signs, and then lapsed into coma. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment resulted in improvement of the ocular and systemic picture. Within three months, however, the patient's vision deteriorated and swelling of both optic discs, along with retinal and vitreous infiltrates, was noted. Local radiation of the eyes was followed by improvement of the ocular changes. Five months later the patient died. Results of a histologic examination of the eyes showed extensive involvement of the retina and vitreous by tumor cells. The CNS was remarkably free of tumor cells and it was assumed that the radiation and chemotherapy were responsible for this.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Nevus of Ota with contralateral cerebral melanoma.

A case of unilateral nevus of Ota was associated with ipsilateral ocular melanocytosis and contralateral malignant melanoma of the CNS. The malignant neoplasm may have arisen from an area of bilateral leptomeningeal melanosis associated with unilateral nevus of Ota.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Ocular manifestations of focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome.

Although 40 percent of patients with the focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome have ocular abnormalities, to our knowledge, only one case of this condition has been previously described in the ophthalmic literature. Two additional cases are presented, and the systemic and ocular findings are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Transscleral ocular siderosis.

Intraocular migration of iron from iron foreign bodies in an extraocular or intrascleral location was studied in rabbits. Focal changes occurred in the choroid and retina beneath the foreign bodies. Significant amounts of iron diffused through the sclera into the globes. This iron was typically deposited in the epithelium of the ciliary processes and in the tissues at the choroid-scleral junction in the posterior pole.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ocular findings in triploidy.

We studied the abnormal ocular and systemic findings in one case of true triploidy and two cases of triploid mosaicism. A liveborn triploid child 69,XXY, had abnormalities including cebocephaly, a single midline nostril, incomplete cleft palate, transverse palmar creases, partial syndactyly, and ambiguous genitalia. Ocular abnormalities included hypotelorism, blepharophimosis, microcornia, iris coloboma, cataract, persistent hyaloid vasculature, retinal dysplasia, and optic atrophy. A 16-year-old girl with triploid mosaicism had congenital left facial and body hemiatrophy, both growth and mental retardation, left-sided grand mal seizures, incontinentia pigmenti of both legs, partial syndactyly, and generalized weakness. Results of her ocular examination were within normal limits. A 13-year-old boy with triploid mosaicism exhibited both growth and mental retardation, truncal obesity, and required a brace to support his back. Ocular findings included synophrys, bilateral blepharoptosis, and abnormal results of Schirmer tear test. Studies indicate a wide spectrum of ocular and systemic abnormalities occur that are presumably associated with the chromosome error.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Retinal neoplasia and dysplasia. I. Induction by feline leukemia virus.

Feline leukemia virus, a naturally occurring C-type virus (oncorna virus), was injected systemically and intraocularly into fetal and newborn kittens. A light microscopy study of the resultant ocular tumor changes was carried out. One animal developed an intraocular tumor of apparent retinal origin. Eight animals showed intraocular neoplastic cell infiltration. The most common ocular change observed was retinal dysplasia. Sequential histologic examination of enucleated eyes showed diffuse intraocular inflammation after viral inoculation. In the developing retinas progressive disorganization and necrosis were documented, with subsequent reorganization into cell clumps and dysplastic rosette structures. The retinal pigment epithelium showed proliferation and intraretinal migration. The mature retina exhibited full-thickness folds and tubes associated with infoldings of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ocular effects of scrapie agent in hamsters: preliminary observations.

Scrapie is caused by one of a group of so-called slow viruses responsible for the subacute spongiform encephalopathies. In the present study, young hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with hamster-adapted scrapie agent. At termination, all inoculated animals showed signs and central nervous system pathology compatible with scrapie infection. The eyes appeared well developed grossly, but histologically the retina and optic nerve were abnormal. There were varying degrees of thinning of the retina, with the photoreceptor layer being most severely affected. Although the ganglion cell layer was not much different from the controls, the optic nerve appeared more cellular than that of the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Heterotransplantation of retinoblastoma into the athymic "nude" mouse.

Fresh surgical specimens of retinoblastoma were successfully transplanted into the anterior chamber of the "nude" mouse (a homozygous mutant, nu/nu, with a severe defect in cellular immunity), filling the eyes but failing to grow subcutaneously. Retinoblastoma cells from an established cell line, Y-79,1 spread from the intraocular injection site to invade the orbit, optic nerve, and brain and formed large tumors when implanted subcutaneously. Tumor cells injected into the anterior chamber of immunologically normal litter-males (heterozygotes, nu/+) survived for varying periods in the anterior chamber but showed little growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Retinal neoplasia and dysplasia. II. Retinoblastoma occurring with persistence and hyperplasia of the primary vitreous.

The occurrence of retinoblastoma in an eye with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is reported. These are both rare lesions. The absence of previous reports of their association has led to the clinical impression that the occurrence of PHPV in a microphthalmic eye precludes the presence of retinoblastoma. The coexistence of these lesions in the present case may represent a coincidence. Their occurrence in the same eye is felt to be noteworthy, nontheless, because of its clinical implications and the possibility of a common underlying etiology.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Suspected multiple primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands.

A 63-year-old man had apparent primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands. Initially an adenocarcinoma of ectopic lacrimal gland origin was suspected following biopsy of a mass in the left orbit. The patient received radiation therapy to this area and showed no recurrence of the original lesion or development of other tumors for a period of 27 months. At that time, the patient returned with a mass in the left preauricular area. This was surgically resected and found to be an adenocarcinoma of the left parotid gland. Both tumors were histologically similar, mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas. There has been no further evidence of tumor growth in an additional three-year period.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1976

Active giant cell arteritis with cerebral involvement. Findings following four years of corticosteroid therapy.

A patient had continued active giant cell arteritis proved on biopsy four years after the initial diagnosis of temporal arteritis. The patient had had erythrocyte sedimentation rates within the normal range and had been receiving corticosteroids without interruption for four years. Central nervous system symptoms occurred three and four years after the initial diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Skip areas in temporal arteritis.

Segments of temporal arteries removed from patients with the characteristic systemic findings of temporal arteritis were studied to determine whether they showed "skip areas" lacking evidence of granulomatous inflammation, as has been frequently described in this disease, or showed diagnostic evidence of inflammation throughout the entire length of the artery. Eleven temporal artery specimens from ten patients were included in this study. Sections from areas of each specimen had previously been found to contain typical granulomatous inflammation. Nine of these biopsy specimens contained granulomatous inflammation throughout their entire length. Two specimens each had two discrete areas of granulomatous inflammation adjoining segments that lacked evidence of epithelioid or giant cells. These "skip areas" showed diffuse round-cell infiltration of the adventia or lacked evidence of inflammation entirely. This series suggests that "skip areas" in temporal arteritis do occur.

Aged↗