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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Human albinism. Light and electron microscopy study.

The eyes of a 13-year-old leukemic boy with the attributes of tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism were obtained for light and electron microscopic study. Repeated examinations had failed to reveal WBCs with giant oxidase-positive granules, and leukemic involvement of the fundus never occurred. Light microscopic examination of horizontal and vertical sections through the retina confirms earlier reports that the fovea is absent in albinos. The synaptic apparatus of the photoreceptor terminals appears abnormal. The rough endoplasmic reticulum of the retinal pigment epithelial cells is sparse though the presence of phagosomes suggests that phagocytic function is intact. Suggestions as to the importance that the morphological findings may have on albino visual function are made.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Iritis in patients with cutaneous melanoma and vitiligo.

Two patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, vitiligo, and uveitis are described. The occurrence of vitiligo following cutaneous melanoma is not uncommon and has been interpreted to result from cellular and humoral factors directed against melanoma cells that also destroy normal cutaneous melanocytes. The present cases raise the possibility that melanocytes in the eye as well as the skin may be affected.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Choroidal melanocytic tumor observed for 41 years before enucleation.

A pigmented choroidal lesion was observed 41 years prior to enucleation. The patient, with a clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma in an eye with good visual function, was followed up for the last 25 years by one of the authors. Sudden growth of the lesion and loss of vision led to enucleation and allowed histologic confirmation of the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. A pigmented iris lesion in the same eye was also present for 25 years and showed no notable growth under observation. The patient died of metastatic disease approximately one year after enucleation.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

False-positive 32P uptake tests.

Three patients had suspected choroidal melanoma and positive results for radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake tests, leading to enuclearion in two of the patients. No malignancy was present on histopathologic examination. This experience reemphasizes the need for the ophthalmologist to evaluate the total clinical picture and not to give inappropriate consideration to a "positive" 32P uptake test in deciding for or against enucleation in a suspected choroidal melanoma. The positive 32P uptake test, even with high values, cannot be equated with malignancy, and a variety of nonmalignant lesions may give false-positive results.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Central retinal vascular occlusion associated with oral contraceptives.

A 40-year-old woman took oral contraceptives for four years. She developed a vascular glaucoma and one year later the eye was enucleated. No other apparent cause for the occlusion was present. The vascular occlusion consisted of a combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion with severe intimal hyperplasia. An intravascular granulomatous reaction is attributed to chronic vascular injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Corneal donor material selection.

Histologic study of eyes used as donor material for corneal transplant revealed one instance of massive leukemic infiltration with leukemic keratic precipitates on the fellow eye. In another eye, microabscesses composed of acute and chronic inflammatory cells containing Crytococcus neoformans were present. In a third patient metastatic anaplastic cells were present in the choroid. We think donor eyes are absolutely unacceptable if death was caused by any chronic neurologic disorder, unless clearly secondary to trauma. Eyes from patients with septecimia, hepatitis, jaundice and any evidence of any active viral infection, syphilis, and positive serology are also unacceptable. Extreme caution should be used in selecting eyes of patients with ocular or systemic malignancy, long-term diseases, particularly if immunosuppressive agents were used, where a history of eye disease exists, including corneal disease or dystrophy, iritis, absolute glaucoma or acute glaucoma, and eyes with a history of previous intraocular surgery.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

Melanocytic tumor of the anterior uvea.

A patient with spindle melanoma involving the iris and ciliary body refused enucleation at the time of diagnosis in 1933. The eye developed painful glaucoma 13 years later and was enucleated. Histopathologic examination indicated spread of the tumor intrasclerally and subconjunctivally. The patient is still alive without evidence of metastases, 32 years after enucleation and 45 years after initial diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Human retinal dysplasia.

We studied the ultrastructure of the four types of dysplastic rosettes and compared them with retinoblastoma rosettes. Dysplastic rosettes have morphologic characteristics intermediate between the normal photoreceptor layer and retino-blastoma rosettes; Müller cells contribute to the formation of dysplastic but not neoplastic rosettes. Abnormality in the relationship between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium is frequent in cases with spontaneously occurring retinal dsyplasia and is consistent with previous observations that the retinal pigment epithelium influences the development of retinal morphology and function. We believe the normal developmental sequence of cell death and disappearance of necrotic cells may have gone awry in retinal dysplasia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Clinical manifestations of brawny scleritis.

We studied four patients with posterior brawny scleritis. Two underwent enucleation for suspected melanoma, and in the other two, the correct diagnosis was made and effective therapy begun. Of seven other eyes with brawny scleritis from other sources, five were enucleated after diagnosis of choroidal melanoma and one for suspected intraocular tumor. This experience and other previous reports indicate the high incidence of diagnostic confusion regarding brawny scleritis. We therefore emphasized clinical symptoms and signs of brawny scleritis: inflammation, tenderness or pain of the globe, history of collagen vascular disease, proptosis, bilaterality, and retinal and choroidal detachment. A preserved normal choroidal vascular pattern over an elevated subretinal mass may be indicative of posterior brawny scleritis. Scleral biopsy is useful for tissue diagnosis. Radioactive phosphorus uptake tests and ultrasonography may erroneously indicate choroidal melanoma and lead to enucleation of a potentially salvageable globe.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body in the goldfish (Carassius auratus).

A medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body in the right eye of a 1-year-old goldfish (Carassius auratus) had spindle and epithelial cells arranged either in columns or around a central lumen. Vitreous-like material was found within the tumor. A medulloepithelioma is a most unusual tumor in fish in which ocular tumors are rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins in transformed mammalian cells.

Extracts prepared from several lines of transformed cells were examined for the presence of cellular binding proteins specific for retinoids. Extracts of human retinoblastoma cell line WERI-Rb1 contained a cellular binding protein specific for retinoic acid, whereas extracts of human retinoblastoma cell line Y-79 contained cellular binding proteins for both retinol and retinoic acid. Upon purification, the latter two binding proteins proved to have properties similar to those of the corresponding proteins obtained from bovine retina. Smaller amounts of these binding proteins were detected in extracts of undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma and McCoy cells. HeLa and rat glioma cells had no detectable amount of binding proteins. The 11-cis-retinal-binding protein, present in extracts of human, rat, and bovine retina, was not found in any of the cell lines examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Direct delivery of anticancer agents: experimental treatment of intraocular malignancy.

Two anticancer agents, one lipophilic, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and one hydrophilic, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazol-4-carboxamide (DTIC), were used to treat Brown-Pearce epithelioma in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. The BCNU test animals were divided into three groups: one treated by direct injection of the drug into the subconjuntival space or the anterior chamber, the second by both direct injections and intravenous administration, and the third by intravenous injection alone. The DTIC test animals were treated with only local injection into the subconjunctival space or anterior chamber. Dosage, delivery system, and effectiveness were compared following clinical observation and histopathologic examination. Direct delivery of BCNU or DTIC in subconjuntival space or anterior chamber delayed the growth of Brown-Pearce epithelioma in rabbit eye. The effectiveness of this treatment was significnatly enhanced by combining direct injection with systemic administration of a lower dose of BCNU.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of tyrosinase in the adult bovine uveal tract and retinal pigment epithelium.

Modern techniques offer an opportunity for a more complete evaluation of melanin production in the uvea and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). By measuring the release of tritium from tritiated tyrosine in homogenized samples of adult bovine RPE as well as iris and choroid, tyrosinase activity could be demonstrated in both the uveal tract and the RPE. Phenylthiourea, a specific tyrosinase inhibitor, markedly decreased tyrosinase activity, whereas 3-iodo-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, had no effect. These techniques indicate tyrosinase activity in the uveal tract and the RPE of adult cattle. This is the first biochemical demonstration of tyrosinase in adult RPE.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Rapid purification of an RNA tumor virus and proteins by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography on porous glass bead columns.

High-performance steric exclusion chromatography on a 1250-A pore size polyethylene glycol-treated glass bead column was used to purify avian myeloblastosis virus and hamster melanoma virus from plasma protein and tissue culture media. The purified hamster melanoma virus was still infectious and the avian myeloblastosis virus-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase showed a 1100-fold purification of the virus from one column treatment. Electron microscopy of the purified virus showed intact particles, with surface projections evident. The time required for column purification of the virus was 5 min.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗