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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Capillary endothelial cell migration: stimulating activity of aqueous humor from patients with ocular cancers.

In double-masked studies, various concentrations of aqueous humor (AH) from 157 patients (208 samples) with ocular cancers, nonmalignant ocular lesions, and normal eyes were added to bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells plated onto gold-coated cover slips. The phagokinetic tracks made by 100 cells at each concentration were traced, and the mean area of migration plus or minus the standard error of the mean was determined. Data are expressed as the percentages of increase in mean track area made by 100 cells incubated in medium that contained AH samples beyond the mean area of 100 cells incubated in medium alone. The percentage increases in migration-stimulating activity were as follows: a) malignant ocular disease--retinoblastoma (30 samples), 34 +/- 2; malignant melanoma (55 samples), 37 +/- 3; b) nonmalignant ocular disease--cataracts, glaucoma, pseudoglioma, and diabetic retinopathy (36 samples), 14 +/- 2; c) control AH--no ocular disease (51 samples), 9 +/- 1; normal eyes and systemic cancer (36 samples), 38 +/- 6. The percentage increase in endothelial cell migration was as great in cases of systemic cancer as it was in cases of ocular cancer. The endothelial cell migration-stimulating activity in AH from patients with intraocular cancers was significantly higher than the levels in the other groups of patients having no systemic cancer (P much less than .001). In addition, when the results were compared in the control group and the group with benign ocular disease, no significant differences were detected (P greater than .01).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

An in vitro investigation of x-ray sensitivity in fibroblasts from patients with retinoblastoma.

In vitro x-ray survival experiments were performed on fibroblast strains derived from nine patients with sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma, 26 patients with hereditary retinoblastoma, and six normal controls. The x-ray sensitivity of the strains derived from the sporadic retinoblastoma patients and normal controls did not significantly differ from one another. The fibroblast strains derived from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma were significantly more radiosensitive to killing by x-rays as measured by clonogenic survival than either the sporadic strains or the strains derived from normal controls. We hypothesize that the increased in vitro radiosensitivity observed in some hereditary retinoblastoma strains is a reflection of an as yet uncharacterized defect in DNA or DNA replication postirradiation.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1983

Experimental anterior uveitis after subcutaneous injection of feline sarcoma virus.

Feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) is a naturally occurring virus that causes spontaneous tumors in cats. The immunologic and morphologic characteristics of these tumors have been studied extensively. It was recently observed in experiments undertaken to induce systemic malignancy with this virus, that severe uveitis and clinical blindness occurred. An investigation of the ophthalmologic changes was undertaken. A fulminent anterior uveitis was produced in cats by a series of subcutaneous injections of live FeLV-FeSV. This intraocular inflammation occurred in five of six animals using high viral titers, and four of seven with lower titers, resulting from the freeze thaw process. On histopathologic examination, most animals demonstrated dysplastic changes of the ciliary body in addition to the iridocyclitis. The remainder of the eye was unaffected. These animals developed systemic tumors unaccompanied by local inflammation, many of which spontaneously regressed. Notable features of this potential model for uveitis are that (1) direct injection into the eye is unnecessary, and (2) intravenous administration inducing immune tolerance with antigenic overload presented to the spleen is avoided. This inflammatory reaction seems to be specific to the iris and ciliary body. Levels of live virus detected in the aqueous humor exceeded those in the serum. These results suggest that the virus may be actively secreted by the ciliary epithelium, or may preferentially proliferate within the eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The incidence of metastases from untreated ciliary body and choroidal melanoma.

A large survey was conducted to identify patients with choroidal and ciliary body melanomas in whom preoperative evaluation for the presence of metastases was performed. Twenty-nine (2.47%) of 1,214 patients were found to have metastases prior to surgical manipulation of the globe. Liver function enzymes combined with liver-spleen scanning is the most effective means for screening for the presence of metastases in these patients and should be performed in all cases in which surgical manipulation of the globe is anticipated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ocular toxicity associated with high-dose carmustine.

The ocular side effects of carmustine (a nitrosurea) are not well established. Evidence of delayed bilateral ocular toxicity developed in two of 50 patients treated with high dose intravenous (IV) carmustine (800 mg/sq m) with autologous bone marrow rescue. Symptoms or signs of ocular toxicity became apparent four weeks following IV treatment. Evidence of delayed ocular toxicity ipsilateral to the side of the infusion developed in seven of ten patients treated with intra-arterial carotid doses of carmustine to a cumulative minimum of 450 mg/sq m in two treatments. The ocular toxicity began two to 14 weeks (mean, six weeks) following intra-arterial treatment. In three of these patients, the visual loss progressed over one week to no light perception. The funduscopic manifestations of both groups included arterial narrowing, nerve fiber-layer infarcts, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated segmental perivascular staining, wide-spread late capillary leakage, and optic disc hyperfluorescence. One patient had light and microscopic confirmation of cilioretinal artery occlusion and choroidal fibrin thrombi.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ocular melanoma.

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Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Development of oral HSV-1 infection model in mice. Evaluation of efficacy of 5'-amino-5-iodo-2',5'-dideoxyuridine.

We developed a new model of oral HSV-1 infection in mice. After oral inoculation, 100 percent of mice developed the clinical lesions at the inoculated area and latent HVS infection in their trigeminal ganglia without mortality. The antiherpetic efficacy of AIdUrd, an agent specifically activated by herpesvirus-encoded enzyme, has been evaluated in this animal model. Early topical or systemic treatment of AIdUrd notably reduced the development of clinical lesions and the virus content in the inoculated lips. However, the establishment of latent HSV infection in the sensory ganglia was not influenced by AIdUrd treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Histologic and ultrastructural characteristics of temporal arteritis. The value of the temporal artery biopsy.

Temporal artery biopsy is an easily performed procedure of low morbidity that produces valuable information in establishing a diagnosis and guiding therapy as well as providing tissue for further pathologic and immunologic research aimed at understanding and ultimately controlling this disease. The pathogenesis of temporal arteritis remains unresolved. In an effort to clarify this question, 19 temporal arteries demonstrating typical arteritic changes by light microscopy were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. At the light microscopic level, a granulomatous inflammation, often containing giant cells, was found in all layers of the vessel but most commonly concentrated within the internal or external border of the muscular media. The internal elastic lamina was usually fragmented and surrounded by inflammatory cells. Segmented subintimal fibromuscular hyperplasia and lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration of the adventitia were nondiagnostic but suggestive findings commonly observed. Ultrastructural alterations were most striking in the muscular media. Degenerating smooth muscle cells with elongated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagic vacuoles containing electron-dense material were observed. Macrophages and giant cells contained degenerated smooth muscle cell basement membrane within phagocytic vacuoles, and macrophages were found within smooth muscle. Although frequently found in the vicinity of macrophages and giant cells, disrupted elastic lamina was not demonstrated in phagocytic cells.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Uveal malignant melanoma associated with ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis.

Seventeen patients with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis were identified among 1,250 Caucasian patients with uveal malignant melanoma. The uveal melanomas in these seventeen patients were similar in size, cell type, and tendency to metastasize to those occurring in reported populations without ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis. Clinical and histopathologic study of these 17 cases indicated that all of the affected eyes had episcleral and choroidal melanocytosis and that other ocular and periocular tissues (sclera, iris, conjunctiva, angle structures, and optic disc) were involved less commonly. The uveal malignant melanoma that was present in each of these cases involved the eye with melanocytosis. Furthermore, the melanoma arose from the zone of uveal melanocytosis in every eye with sectoral involvement. Statistical analysis of these data supports the contention that uveal malignant melanoma has a higher incidence in white persons with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis than in those without these conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The progression of the ocular abnormalities of herpes zoster. Histopathologic observations of nine cases.

The ocular pathologic findings from nine patients who suffered from herpes zoster ophthalmicus are described. Autopsy material from four patients who died within weeks of the illness and ocular specimens from five patients who required surgery for complications of the disease months to years later demonstrated how the ocular abnormalities caused by zoster may progress in severity with time. The changes ranged from superficial keratitis and mild uveitis to severe granulomatous inflammation of the ciliary body, choroid, and optic nerve within the first several weeks of the disease. In some instances damage secondary to vasculitis predominated, and in others inflammation directly involved ocular tissue. In some chronically affected eyes, granulomatous reaction to Descemet's membrane persisted for years, whereas in others the inflammatory reaction apparently resolved, allowing successful penetrating keratoplasty to be performed in one case.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rhabdomyosarcoma.

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Adolescent↗