Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Uveal findings in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

A study Of the uveas of white patients with known cutaneous melanoma and white control subjects showed that patients with cutaneous melanoma had a significantly higher frequency of iris nevi (101 of 197 patients, 51%) than control subjects (58 of 147 subjects, 39%). The frequency of choroidal nevi was also higher in the group with cutaneous melanoma but the number (eight of 197 patients compared with two of 147 control subjects) involved was too small for statistical significance to be assessed. Patients with cutaneous melanoma, particularly women, had more skin nevi than did control subjects.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

New observations on vitiligo and ocular disease.

We examined 223 consecutive patients with vitiligo for ocular disease and 154 consecutive patients with uveitis for vitiligo to better determine the nature of the relationship between vitiligo and ocular disease. Of the 129 patients whose uveitis had an unknown cause, seven (5.4%) had cutaneous depigmentation, poliosis, or early graying of hair. The incidence is 0.5% in the general population (P less than .02). None of the 25 patients whose uveitis had a known cause had vitiligo. Eleven (4.8%) of 223 patients with vitiligo had uveitis at the time of the study or had had it within the previous two years. Of 27 patients in whom vitiligo was associated with cutaneous melanoma, five (18.5%) had had uveitis within the previous two years. In three of these five, the uveitis began within one month of the appearance of cutaneous changes. Evidence of old chorioretinal scars were present in 69 of 223 patients with vitiligo (30.9%) but in only two of 148 control patients (P less than .001). Sixty of 223 patients with vitiligo (26.9%) had evidence of hypopigmentation or atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, or both, not related to old chorioretinitis or macular degeneration but only six of 148 controls did (P less than .001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in conjunctival papilloma.

Two histologically proven conjunctival papillomas (one from a 33-month-old boy and the other from a 28-year-old woman) were examined for the presence of papillomavirus by DNA molecular hybridization. The first case, a recurrent tumor known to be positive for papillomavirus structural antigen, demonstrated human papillomavirus DNA sequences that cross-hybridized to a human papillomavirus type 11 DNA probe. The second case, an initial tumor, which was negative for papillomavirus structural antigen, demonstrated no viral DNA sequences by hybridization.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serologic and immunopathologic findings in temporal arteritis.

In 104 patients undergoing biopsies for temporal arteritis, lymphocyte characterization identified both T4 helper/inducer and T8 cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes in approximately equal numbers. B lymphocytes were absent. Deposition of IgM and IgG was observed in three of 16 positive biopsy specimens. Antinuclear antibodies were present in ten of 16 biopsy-proven cases of temporal arteritis compared with 19 of 55 in the control group with negative biopsy specimens. Anti-smooth-muscle, anti-DNA, and antimitochondrial antibodies were not useful in distinguishing between the two groups.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1983

Papillomavirus in human conjunctival papillomas.

Forty-one human conjunctival papillomas were histopathologically examined for koilocytosis and papillomavirus common antigen with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique immunospecific for genus-specific papillomavirus antigen. Koilocytotic cells, typically found in other papillomavirus-induced tumors, were present in 24 of the 41 specimens. Two of the 41 specimens were positive for viral antigen. The positive reactions were intranuclear within the superficial layers of the epithelium.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

A Merkel cell tumor of the eyelid.

The Merkel cell is a distinctive nondendritic, nonkeratinocytic, epithelial clear cell believed to migrate from the neural crest to the epidermis and dermis, which is usually located in or near the basal layer of the epidermis and associated with nerve terminations. Merkel first described these cells in 1875 as "Tastzellen" occurring in the snout of a mole. They are believed to function as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that mediate the sense of touch. Tumors arising from Merkel cells have been reported to occur on the head and neck area, the trunk, arms, and legs, and resemble a primary cutaneous lymphoma or cutaneous metastasis of a lymphoma or a carcinoma. Electron microscopy, to locate the characteristic membrane-bound, dense core neurosecretory granules, is needed for accurate diagnosis. These tumors must be treated aggressively to minimize the chance of local recurrence and nodal or visceral metastases. The authors present a case of Merkel cell tumor occurring on the eyelid. The clinical history, light and electron microscopic findings are shown.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma: a good prognostic sign.

We have identified and studied twenty-seven patients with melanoma who also had vitiligo. Four patients had vitiligo before the diagnosis of melanoma, and twenty-three developed depigmentation after the diagnosis of malignancy. We also have reviewed published reports about twenty-four other patients with melanoma who developed vitiligo. The clinical course of the melanoma in the fifty-one patients was remarkably similar. Thirty-seven had a melanoma arising at a site which tends to carry a poor prognosis, for example, on the trunk, under the nail, or on the mucous membranes. Forty-nine patients had metastases in regional lymph nodes or at distal sites. Thirty-three patients survived 5 years, and twenty-five survived 10 years. These data suggest that the appearance of vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma portends a longer survival than expected. The patients with vitiligo are not necessarily cured and eventually may succumb to metastatic disease. We were unable to determine whether the vitiligo caused retardation of tumor growth or whether the melanoma caused vitiligo.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Malignant melanoma and vitiligo-like leukoderma: an electron microscopic study.

We report clinical and ultrastructural results in eight patients with melanoma and widespread leukoderma. Leukoderma appears to be a good prognostic sign. Although some features of this entity are suggestive of vitiligo, the patients' age, the distribution and appearance of body lesions, and ultrastructural results show a more varied clinical and ultrastructural spectrum. The high frequency of ocular pigmentary disturbances and uveitis in this patient population is noteworthy and deserves further study. We would recommend routine use of Wood's light examination in following patients with thick stage I, stage II, or stage III melanoma to facilitate detection of this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of DNA fragments from chromosome 13.

A number of patients with retinoblastoma have a deletion of chromosome 13. Comparison of the deleted segments from different individuals reveals that all deletions involve chromosome band 13q14. This observation has lead to the hypothesis that in this region is a gene of genes important in the etiology of retinoblastoma. As a first step toward understanding those genes, the authors successfully isolated five DNA fragments from chromosome 13 using recombinant DNA techniques. The DNA fragments from chromosome 13 will be useful in identifying DNA polymorphic sites that are linked to the retinoblastoma locus tentatively assigned to 13q14. Such DNA polymorphisms will be important in the genetic counselling of families with retinoblastoma. These chromosome 13q14 fragments also may be useful in searching for microdeletions of 13q14.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In vitro radiosensitivity of fibroblasts derived from patients with retinoblastoma and abnormalities of chromosome 13.

In vitro x-ray survival experiments were performed on fibroblast strains derived from nine patients with sporatic unilateral retinoblastoma and 26 patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Fibroblasts derived from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma were significantly more radiosensitive than those derived from patients with sporatic retinoblastoma. The authors hypothesize that the increased in vitro radiosensitivity observed in some hereditary retinoblastoma cell strains is a reflection of an, as yet, uncharacterized defect in DNA repair or post-irradiation DNA replication. X-ray sensitivity was also measured in 19 fibroblast strains derived from patients bearing deletions, trisomies, inversions, or translocations of all or part of chromosome 13. These results are compared with data from individuals trisomic for three other autosomes. The results suggest an association between abnormalities of chromosome 13 and the cytotoxic effects of x-irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vitiligo and disorders of the retinal pigment epithelium.

The association of vitiligo with inflammation of the uveal tract is well established. The relationship between vitiligo and hypopigmentation and/or degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) not secondary to ocular inflammation has not been adequately investigated. Sixty (27%) of 223 consecutive patients with vitiligo were found to have some evidence of RPE hypopigmentation ranging from mild, focal areas of involvement in most cases to extensive RPE degeneration with a retinitis pigmentosa-like syndrome in one patient. Fifteen (25%) patients complained of night blindness. Only 6 (4%) of 148 patients in a control group had similar funduscopic findings (p less than 0.001). None of these patients were symptomatic. There have been isolated reports of vitiligo occurring with tapetoretinal degeneration. We report 2 patients with both vitiligo and retinitis pigmentosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intraocular pathology of trisomy 18 (Edwards's syndrome): report of a case and review of the literature.

The ophthalmic histopathology is detailed in a case of trisomy 18 (Edwards's syndrome). In addition to the ocular pathology already reported, previously unreported findings of iris stromal hypoplasia, abnormal lens shape, and decreased ganglion cells in the retina are noted. The ophthalmic histopathology associated with this syndrome and the relationship of several genetic disorders to their ocular manifestations are discussed.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1983

Sustained release of carmustine (BCNU) for treatment of experimental intraocular malignancy.

Sustained release of carmustine (1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea, or BCNU) via an episcleral implanted silicone device was used to treat Greene hamster melanoma implanted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. Group 1 animals received carmustine intravenously; group 2 received the drug by local sustained release via an episcleral implanted silicone device; group 3 received the drug by both local sustained release and intravenous injection (a total dosage more than twice that in group 1); and group 4 was not treated. The effectiveness of the various administration routes was compared by clinical observation of tumour size and systemic and local toxic reactions, and by histopathological examination. Carmustine delayed the growth of Greene melanoma in all 3 treated groups, but was most effective when a lower dose of the drug administered intravenously was combined with an additional higher dose administered by local sustained release. Local side effects included corneal clouding and conjunctival oedema and congestion at the early stage of local drug delivery via the episcleral implanted device.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Osteosarcoma in a phthisical feline eye.

Eight years ago a cat sustained injury to the left globe and phthisis bulbi ensued. Two months prior to presentation, a firm intraorbital and periorbital mass developed and enucleation was done; histologic examination revealed osteogenic sarcoma. This is the first histologically documented report of osteosarcoma occurring in association with phthisis bulbi.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In vitro malignant transformation of hamster retina by herpes simplex virus.

Hamster retina was infected in vitro with irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2. Cells underwent malignant transformation, and when injected subcutaneously into nude mice and hamsters, produced transferable tumors. Transformed cells were found to have HSV antigen as determined by indirect fluorescent staining. In addition, the undifferentiated transformed retinal cells possess neurosecretory granules and retinoic acid receptors and produce growth factor, features similar to those found in spontaneous human retinoblastoma. This is the first neoplasm of ocular tissues induced experimentally by herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Co-cultivation of retinoblastoma with fibroblasts, iris pigment epithelium, and retinal pigment epithelium in tissue culture.

Retinoblastoma cells of the Y79 line were co-cultivated with human fibroblasts and bovine iris and retinal pigment epithelium in tissue culture. The Y79 cells, which characteristically grow as a suspension culture, were found to attach directly to the fibroblasts and pigment epithelium on the flask surface. Electron microscopic examination of the fibroblast-retinoblastoma co-cultures revealed numerous pinocytotic vesicles lining the fibroblast cell borders that were in contact with the tumor cells. The retinoblastoma cells contained increased numbers of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and-mitochondria. Fibroblastic processes appeared to wrap around and engulf tumor cells. In both the iris and retinal pigment epithelium co-cultures with retinoblastoma cells, there were increased numbers of mitochondria in the tumor cells in areas adjacent to pigment epithelium but no pinocytotic vesicles were seen. The pigment epithelium attached to Y79 cells showed fewer processes than did the fibroblasts in co-culture. In summary, both fibroblast and pigment epithelium functioned as an effective carrier cell layer for retinoblastoma cells. In addition, we believe that the fibroblast layer removed substances secreted by the tumor cells via pinocytotic vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pathologic processing of vitrectomy specimens. A comparison of pathologic findings with celloidin bag and cytocentrifugation preparation of 102 vitrectomy specimens.

Specimens obtained from 102 vitrectomies were processed by cytocentrifugation and celloidin bag techniques. The histopathology obtained with each procedure was compared with respect to cellular and tissue findings. Forty-five percent of cases had identical findings by the two techniques. Quantitative analysis of the discrepancies revealed better cellular recovery and identification by cytocentrifugation, and similar rates for the recovery and identification of tissue elements. Qualitative analysis showed better demonstration of tissue histopathology using celloidin bag thin sections. Thus, pathologic analysis was more complete when the two techniques were used together than when either was used alone.

Centrifugation↗