Biomedical subjects
D M Albert
Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.
Retinoblastoma: clinical observations and histopathological study.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Sympathetic ophthalmia: a comparison of the histopathological features from a Chinese and American series.
The importance of this comparison between two large series of cases of sympathetic ophthalmia lies in its confirmation of our previous findings, which differ somewhat from the classical pathological description. Sympathetic ophthalmia remains a clinicopathological diagnosis, relying on a history of perforating injury to one eye, followed after a variable incubation period by inflammation in the fellow eye. The inflammatory changes in both eyes consist of a diffuse, granulomatous proliferation throughout the uveal tract, which involves the choriocapillaris and the retina late in its course. The infiltrate is composed predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells, with a variable number of epitheloid and giant cells. Corticosteroid therapy may modify this picture. The epithelioid cells contain phagocytosed pigment granules, but there is not sign of necrosis. Eosinophils appear early in the course of the disease and disappear late. The granulomatous inflammation may spread to involve the optic nerve sheath, the nerve itself, the scleral emissaria, and the scleral stroma. Dalén-Fuchs nodules appear early peripherally, and it is over these nodules that retinal granulomas, when present, usually are found. In the Shanghai series, it was found that corticosteroid therapy and prompt enucleation of the exciting eye reduced the number of exacerbations experienced by these patients but did not improve visual prognosis. The MEEI data, while they did show a bimodal distribution to the visual result, seemed to indicate that prompt enucleation of a blind eye combined with aggressive corticosteroid therapy may improve visual prognosis.
Clinicopathological study of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Neurofibromatosis of the eyelid and orbit.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Tumors metastatic to the eye and adnexa.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Advanced pigmentary retinal degeneration: an ultrastructural study.
A case of advanced pigmentary retinal degeneration is described. Posterior subcapsular cataract and a remnant of the anterior hyaloid system on the posterior lens surface were found. Extensive dispersion of pigment and organization of the vitreous base were present. Gliosis was seen in the retina, and no photoreceptors were evident. The retinal blood vessel walls were extensively hyalinized, with cell debris and deposition of basement-membrane-like material, which may have originated from perivascular pigment-laden cells of pigment epithelial origin. The pigment epithelium showed extensive proliferation in clumps. Pigmented retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells without lipofuscin, migrating nonpigmented RPE cells, and macrophages with large lysosomal bodies could be identified in each clump. An abundance of extracellular basement-membrane-like material or mucopolysaccharide was seen in the retina and adjacent to the RPE. This material probably originated from the abnormal RPE. Abnormalities of the large and small choroidal vessels are present.
Choroidal neovascularization associated with malignant melanoma: a case report.
Subretinal neovascularization observed over an elevated, pigmented choroidal lesion is usually considered evidence in favour of the benign nature of that lesion, a nevus. Histologic verification of malignant melanoma with choroidal neovascularization has never appeared in the literature. In this report, we present a case of subretinal neovascularization documented by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and histology in an eye containing a malignant choroidal melanoma.
Uveal melanomas presenting during pregnancy and the investigation of oestrogen receptors in melanomas.
We observed a young woman who showed growth of a choroidal melanoma over the course of 2 pregnancies, with subsequent enucleation of the eye. This is the first such documented case. In addition 4 other women with uveal malignant melanomas presented during pregnancy. This observed number of pregnancies (5) was greater than the expected number (2.1) among women of childbearing age who underwent enucleation with subsequent analysis in our pathology laboratory. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Further, more females 44 years of age or younger underwent enucleation for malignant melanoma than men of comparable age. Evaluation of these cases led us to propose that there is a subset of patients whose ocular melanomas are hormonally responsive. We therefore analysed uveal melanoma and choroidal tissue from 7 patients, including one of the pregnant women, for the presence of oestrogen receptors. No specific oestrogen binding was found. The possibilities that other hormones are involved or an immunological mechanism is operative are discussed.
Ocular pathology of the Majewski syndrome.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: topical therapeutic efficacy in ocular herpes and systemic teratogenic and toxicity studies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Lipid inclusions in human ocular tissues in vitro induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pseudochalazion of the upper lid due to hard contact lens embedding -- case reports and literature review.
Two cases of pseudochalazion formation secondary to hard contact lens embedding are reported. In all previously reported cases a lump, swelling, mucopurulence, and ptosis were the most common presenting symptoms. Embedding usually occurred concave to the globe in the supratarsal region. The cases reported herein are unique in that the location of one lens was beneath the tarsal conjunctiva, and in the second case there was spontaneous release of the lens after four months of embedding.
[Retinoblastoma: clinical and histopathological features].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Mass cultivation of bovine ocular pigment epithelial cells in microcarrier suspension culture.
Recent developments in tissue culture technology permit the mass cultivation of anchorage-dependent cells in a compact and easily maintained system by utilizing the large surface area of suspended microspheres for cellular attachment and proliferation. The present study describes the successful cultivation of pure bovine iris pigment epithelium and mixed bovine retinal pigment epithelium-choroid by microcarrier suspension culture. Ocular pigment epithelial cells were collected from enucleated calf eyes and cultured in conventional monolayer fashion on flat plates. Subsequently, cells were harvested by trypsinization and were inoculated into microcarrier culture. Confluence was obtained in 8 to 12 days and final cell densities were 1 x 10(6) cells/ml for iris pigment epithelium and 8 x 10(5) cells/ml for combined retinal pigment epithelium--choroid; the microcarrier density was 5 gm/L. Samples from ongoing microcarrier cultures were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Culture of bovine ocular pigment epithelial cells by microcarrier suspension technique provides a simplified method of cultivation of large numbers of cells, with additional advantages in ongoing culture maintenance and accessibility.
Metastasis in a rabbit choroidal melanoma model.
A substrain of Greene hamster melanoma adapted to grow in the choroid of the rabbit eye is shown to have the tendency to metastasize. Twenty-one normal rabbits were studied for the effects of vascular inoculation of a tumor cell suspension prepared from this choroidal melanoma, and two rabbits were used for long-term observation of the natural untreated course of the choroidal melanoma. In both groups, metastases to the liver, lung, kidney, and other organs were demonstrated.
Vitiligo or halo nevi occurring in two patients with choroidal melanoma.
Vitiligo frequently develops in patients with cutaneous melanomas, especially those who have survived with metastases for prolonged periods. To our knowledge, only one patient with an ocular melanoma in whom vitiligo developed has been described. We have observed a second patient in whom vitiligo developed six to eight years after he had undergone an enucleation for ocular melanoma. Multiple hao nevi developed in a third patient who had an ocular melanoma. The association of vitiligo and ocular melanomas in these patients may not be the result of chance alone.
Induction of ocular neoplasms in Fischer rats by intraocular injection of nickel subsulfide.
Nickel subsulfide, alpha Ni3S2, was administered to albino Fischer rats by a single injection into the vitreous body of the right eye (0.5 mg alpha Ni3S2/rat, suspended in 20 microliter of NaCl vehicle). Control rats received a similar injection of the vehicle. Malignant tumors developed in the injected eyes of 14/15 alpha Ni3S2-treated rats by 8 months (vs. 0/11 controls, p less than 0.001). Five of the injected eyes of alpha Ni3S2-treated rats contained multiple tumors. The 21 eye tumors that were induced by alpha Ni3S2 included 11 melanomas, four retinoblastomas, three gliomas, and three unclassified malignant neoplasms. Three of the melanomas developed extraocular extensions; one of the melanomas metastasized to lungs and brain. Although the melanomas arose from amelanotic uveal melanocytes, melanosomes were observed in electron micrographs of the tumor cells. This study provides a new experimental model for chemical induction of ocular neoplasms. As a procedure to test the carcinogenicity of nickel compounds, intraocular injection has the advantages of short latency period, high tumor incidence, and ease of tumor detection.