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Biomedical subjects

D Daniels

Publications and source records attributed to D Daniels.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Determination of minimum effective concentration of praziquantel in in vitro cultures of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus.

The minimum effective concentration of praziquantel against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus (ovine strain) was determined in vitro; 20 micrograms/litre gave statistically significant results. No difference was seen between the sensitivity of ovine and equine protoscoleces at 50 micrograms/litre. Morphological observations on treated protocsoleces and passage into gerbils both suggested that the eosin-exclusion technique overestimates viability. Electron microscopy of treated protoscoleces showed severe, disruptive tegumentary damage. Praziquantel is thus an extremely active protoscolicidal agent that may have an important peri-operative role in preventing recurrence.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Partial purification of prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase and prostaglandin-15-hydroxydehydrogenase from ovarian tissues of rabbits.

Prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase (PGE2-9-KR) and prostaglandin-15-hydroxydehydrogenase (PG-15-HDH) have been purified 25.0- and 15.4-fold, respectively. The rate equations of the enzyme reaction for two substrates were used for the determination of kinetic constants. The Michaelis constant, Km, for PGE2 was 122 microM for the PGE2-9-KR and 8 microM for the PG-15-HDH. The presence of both enzymes in ovarian tissues of rabbits indicate that these tissues may be able to synthesize and metabolize PGF2 alpha.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Psychosocial functioning of siblings of children with rheumatic disease.

The potential impact of an ill child on other siblings in the family was examined by comparing 72 siblings of children with rheumatic disease with 60 siblings of healthy children from demographically matched families. Psychosomatic, behavioral, emotional, and social problems, as reported by both the parents and the siblings, were investigated. Although siblings of patients with rheumatic disease generally were functioning as well as siblings of healthy children, they reported having more allergies and asthma. A set of vulnerability and protective factors was tested as predictors of sibling functioning. Cohesive and expressive family environments in which mothers and patients with rheumatic disease were functioning adequately promoted better adaptation among the siblings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Efficacy of oral antibiotics for the treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion.

We followed 137 children who were found to have persistent otitis media with effusion (POME) one month after the diagnosis of acute otitis media. Subjects were randomly assigned to either treatment with erythromycin ethylsuccinate and sulfisoxizole or to no treatment. Follow-up utilizing pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry showed that treated patients were more likely to have normal findings, and less likely to develop acute otitis media during the month following treatment. These data indicate that children with POME one month following acute otitis media may benefit from an additional course of antibiotics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Differential experiences of siblings in the same family as predictors of adolescent sibling personality differences.

In the area of personality development, environmental influences operate to make siblings in the same family different rather than similar to each other. The goal of the present study was to determine whether differential experience of siblings can be used to explain the marked personality differences of siblings. The Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE) along with personality information (the EAS Temperament Inventory and questions about career expectations) was administered to 50 biological sibling pairs and 98 adoptive sibling pairs in adolescence and young adulthood. The results indicated that differential sibling interaction and differential peer characteristics as self-reported on the SIDE explain 6%-26% of the variance in sibling personality difference scores. For example, the sibling who reports more sociability as compared to his sibling also experiences more sibling closeness and more peer popularity as compared to his sibling. Comparison between adoptive and biological siblings indicates that the SIDE relations are mediated environmentally rather than genetically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Consistency and change in mothers' behavior toward young siblings.

Siblings differ markedly in behavioral development, and it has been suggested that differential maternal treatment may contribute significantly to these differences. The question of how consistently mothers treat their different children was examined in a study of 45 sibling pairs from the Colorado Adoption Project, in which each child at 24 months of age was videotaped at home with the mother. The results showed mothers to be consistent in affection and verbal responsiveness but to differ in their controlling behavior toward the 2 siblings. Comparison of the same mother's behavior to the 2 siblings at 12 months and at 24 months showed little stability in maternal behavior to the same child over this age period.

Adoption↗
PubMed1985

CT of the inferomedial orbit and the lacrimal drainage apparatus: normal and pathologic anatomy.

The normal and pathologic CT anatomy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus was examined during study of the orbits, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses in 100 patients with a variety of clinical complaints related to the inferomedial orbit. The bony lacrimal fossa, the nasolacrimal canal, and the fluid- or air-filled lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct were readily recognized in all cases. The lacrimal fossa and sac are found at the inferomedial orbit and are preseptal structures. Cystic expansion of the lacrimal sac (dacryocystitis) may mimic orbital abscess clinically; however, the radiographic recognition of a cystic, peripherally enhancing mass centered at the lacrimal fossa should exclude postseptal abscess and permit more conservative therapy. Obstruction or invasion of the drainage apparatus by tumor, infection, or posttraumatic scarring is readily depicted by CT. Sagittal/coronal images reformatted from thin transverse axial sections are often useful in defining the origin of an inferomedial orbital mass and its relation to the lacrimal sac when clinical studies and axial CT findings are equivocal.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Environmental differences within the family and adjustment differences within pairs of adolescent siblings.

To what extent do siblings in the same family experience different parental treatment, sibling interaction, and peer relationships? Are such within-family experiential differences related to differences in the siblings' emotional adjustment? The present study explored these questions concerning within-family environment using data from 348 families that each included 2 siblings 11-17 years of age. The results indicate that siblings in the same family experience different environments, as reported by parents and to a larger extent by the siblings themselves. The results also demonstrate that within-family environmental differences are related to differences in development between siblings. Both the parent and sibling reports of the environment converge on the finding that the sibling who is more psychologically well adjusted (as reported by parents, siblings, and teachers) also experiences more maternal closeness, more sibling friendliness, more peer friendliness, more say in family decision making, and more parental chore expectations as compared to the other sibling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The pituitary fossa: a correlative anatomic and MR study.

This study characterizes the normal appearance of the pituitary fossa in partial saturation magnetic resonance (MR) images. In sagittal images, the pituitary fossa appears inhomogeneous. Correlation of sagittal MR images in normal subjects with sagittal cryomicrotomic images in cadavers suggests that the highest intensity signal from the posterior-inferior pituitary fossa is due to a fat pad. This conclusion was supported by MR images and postmortem cryotome sections obtained in normal subhuman primates. The cause of the less constant, low intensity signal was less certain. The height of the pituitary gland in sagittal images was usually less than 8 mm, and the upper surface was flat or concave.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Correlates of difficult temperament in infancy.

Despite interest in the construct of "difficult temperament" in infancy, little is known about its correlates within the first 2 years of life. In a study of 272 families consisting of 152 adopted and 120 nonadopted infants tested in their homes at 12 and 24 months of age, a parental report of difficult temperament was related to 3 major areas of correlates: (1) infant functioning (parental ratings of temperament, tester ratings using Bayley's Infant Behavior Record, and Bayley Mental Index scores); (2) parental personality (Cattell's 16PF test and a self-report temperament inventory); and (3) measures of the home environment (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment and the Family Environment Scales). No systematic significant relationships were found between difficult temperament and other aspects of infant development, parental characteristics, or the home environment for the entire sample or for a subsample consisting of the 10% most difficult infants. In addition, we found no evidence for significant interactions between parental personality and home environment as they affect difficult temperament nor did interactions of any type emerge as significant. Taken together with other evidence indicating that difficult temperament in infancy fails to predict concurrent or later behavioral problems, these data add to growing doubts about the utility of the construct of difficult temperament and suggest the need to consider specific infant temperaments that parents find difficult.

Adoption↗
PubMed1983

Feedback modality and dimension in voluntary skin temperature control.

Ten male and ten female subjects were trained in the voluntary control of peripheral skin temperature, under four different conditions of feedback. These conditions were (i) visual proportional, (ii) visual binary, (iii) auditory proportional, and (iv) auditory binary. Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA and showed a significant effect attributable to dimension, with proportional displays promoting faster acquisition of control than binary displays. No differences were detected between the visual and the auditory modes or in gender identity. The importance of these results is discussed with reference to the present need for a taxonomy of feedback displays which would optimize the effects of feedback training in a clinical milieu.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous regression of a postpartum pituitary mass demonstrated by computed tomography.

An 18-year-old woman had postpartum thyrotoxicosis, hypercalcemia, and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. A pituitary mass with suprasellar extension was demonstrated on computed axial tomography (CT). The patient subsequently became hypothyroid and normocalcemic, and repeated CT scanning showed that the pituitary mass had undergone a spontaneous regression in size. Computed axial tomographic scanning is an important modality for the evaluation of postpartum pituitary masses and their natural history. This case suggests that some patients with postpartum hypopituitarism and a pituitary mass need not have early surgical intervention but may be closely observed and treated by hormone replacement alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneous reversal of internal carotid artery occlusion: case report.

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid arteries, including those dissections resulting in total occlusion, may be a spontaneously reversible process. A patient who had angiographic evidence of bilateral complete internal carotid artery occlusions of different ages of onset illustrates this process. This case suggests certain considerations regarding the pathogenesis of these dissections.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗