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Biomedical subjects

D C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to D C Martin.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Voluntary activity in the aging rat as a function of maternal drug exposure.

Sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley derived primiparous rats were injected subcutaneously twice daily throughout pregnancy and the nursing period with either (1) 3.0 mg/kg of pure nicotine, (2) 5.0 mg/kg methamphetamine HCl, or (3) saline vehicle. Locomotor activity was monitored one night/month from 3-39 months of age in randomly selected male offspring. Significant differences in activity levels were found as a function of maternal treatment for 29 of 35 sessions. The contrasts revealed that methamphetamine offspring were the most active group and there was no shift in relative group positions over time. There was some evidence for periodic activity changes at 5, 6, and 12 month intervals. A trend test revealed a significant decline in activity in the 12 month period preceding death which was not drug-related but common to all groups. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

The use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for relief of climacteric symptoms.

Climacteric symptoms in the menopausal woman are perplexing to the physician. Recent literature concerning the relationship of estrogen to carcinogenesis has caused many women to discontinue this medication; thus, there is a need for an alternative therapy for the relief of these symptoms. The drug medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) was assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 48 subjects. Only one of the placebo-treated patients claimed any relief from climacteric symptoms while only two of the patients who received the study drug noted little or no relief (P < 0.0001). Relief from climacteric symptoms began at 4 to 7 days after entry into the study and extended for 8 to 20 weeks. The only side effects were withdrawal bleeding and a slight, transient weight gain. Depo-Provera appears to be a reliable substitute for estrogen in the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Further investigations with this medication seem indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Easy insertion of a feeding tube.

A small bore feeding tube may be readily introduced into the stomach by splinting it internally, before insertion, with a flexible arteriographic guide wire, which is removed when the tube is in place. Gentle placement of the tube is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A simple method for the isolation of platelet-free lymphocyte suspensions from rat whole blood.

A simple technique for obtaining platelet-free lymphocyte suspensions from rat whole blood for use in complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assays is presented. Rat lymphocytes were purified by filtering buffy coat preparations containing thrombin over nylon fiber columns prior to Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. The addition of thrombin to buffy coat preparations significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced platelet retention on the nylon fiber columns. This procedure yielded lymphocyte suspensions which had a 98% mean reduction in platelet contamination compared to lymphocyte preparations which were purified using only Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. The thrombin-nylon fiber filtration method produced lymphocyte suspensions containing an average of 98% lymphocytes, and the total yield of lymphocytes isolated from 2 ml of blood averaged 2.85 X 10(6) cells. The sensitivity of complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assays was increased by the use of the thrombin-nylon fiber-filtered platelet-free lymphocyte preparations compared to the use of platelet-contaminated lymphocyte suspensions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Orchiopexy using microvascular surgical technique.

Orchiopexy of high intra-abdominal testes with division of the internal spermatic artery and vein is associated with subsequent testicular atrophy in a significant percentage of cases. We herein describe 2 patients in whom arterial supply and venous drainage to the testis were maintained using microvascular anastomosis. The internal spermatic artery and vein were anastomosed to the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. Patency of the vascular anastomosis was verified by subsequent radionuclide examinations and selective arteriography in 1 patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of maternal alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development at eight months.

Infant mental and motor development at 8 mo of age is significantly related to maternal alcohol use during early pregnancy. Data on 462 infants were analyzed with multiple regression techniques, adjusting for effects of nicotine, caffeine, gestational age, parity, and maternal education. Other possible intervening variables were evaluated and not found to explain the results. This study presents further evidence that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy at levels of about four drinks per day and above has an adverse effect on offspring, even in a sample that is basically low risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of hyperlipidemia in dialysis patients, renal transplant recipients, and steroid treated nonrenal patients.

Serum lipids were studied in 25 stable renal transplant recipients 3-60 months after transplantation, 25 stable patients maintained on hemodialysis, and 16 steroid-treated patients with normal renal functions. Lipid abnormalities were found in 72% of the transplant patients and 52% of dialysis patients. The mean serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the transplant and the dialysis group than age and sex matched controls, but were not significantly elevated in the steroid-treated patients with normal renal function. The mean cholesterol levels were normal for the transplant and steroid-treated groups, but significantly reduced in the dialysis group. There was a significant correlation between the triglyceride levels and the reciprocal of creatinine clearance suggestive of a possible etiologic relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Germinal cell tumors of the testis after orchiopexy.

A review of the literature revealed 220 cases of germinal cell tumor of the testis that has occurred after orchiopexy. Of these cases 97 were accurately documented in regard to scrotal placement of the undescended testis and the subsequent tumor. Only 6 cases were reported after orchiopexy in children less than 10 years old. Since the number of patients at risk is unknown the possible protection of early orchiopexy against subsequent malignant degeneration cannot be established. The small number of cases reported after orchiopexy in children less than 10 years old is encouraging. The accumulated reports of germinal cell tumors of the testes after orchiopexy in patients between 10 and 20 years old militate against such a procedure in patients with a unilateral underscended testis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of Peyronie's disease by dermal grafting.

We describe our experience with dermal grafting for the treatment of Peyronie's disease in 27 patients over a 3-year period. With the various nonsurgical treatments, a significant number of patients remain handicapped by the disease. For this unresponsive group, we recommend surgical excision of the penile plaque with dermal grafting. The proper selection of patients for this operation is of paramount importance, and this can be facilitated by a preoperative psychological evaluation in doubtful cases.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1979

Renal tubular dysfunction in transplanted kidneys.

We studied 15 renal transplant recipients for evidence of tubular dysfunction. Eight patients were hypophosphatemic, and two had systemic acidosis with a urinary acidification defect. Mild aminoaciduria and bicarbonaturia were present in four and 14 patients, respectively. Elevated parathyroid hormone level was found in only one patient. Tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was depressed in all eight hypophosphatemic patients, while no such abnormalities were observed in 14 control subjects. Defective tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was the most striking abnormality. None of the parameters studied, including immunosuppressant therapy, parathyroid hormone levels, creatinine clearance, or acid-base balance, clearly account for the pathogenesis of this abnormality.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1979

Orchiopexy using microvascular surgical technique.

Orchiopexy of high intra-abdominal testes with division of the internal spermatic artery and vein is associated with subsequent testicular atrophy in a significant percentage of cases. We herein describe 2 patients in whom arterial supply and venous drainage to the testis were maintained using microvascular anastomosis. The internal spermatic artery and vein were anastomosed to the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. Patency of the vascular anastomosis was verified by subsequent radionuclide examinations and selective arteriography in 1 patient.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

Effects of maternal absorption of phenobarbital upon rat offspring development and function.

Sixty Sprague-Dawley derived primaparous rats were administered Luminal (sodium phenobarbital) subcutaneously in doses of either 80 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, or 0 mg/kg (saline) on Days 9-21 of gestation. The two drug groups delivered litters significantly later with evidence of increased resorption at the higher dose. The higher dose offspring were lighter in weight at birth and at adulthood, but not at weaning. The lower drug dose offspring were developmentally accelerated compared with the other two groups. Acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) was negatively correlated with increased drug dose. In appetitive operant paradigms, saline offspring received more reinforcements on fixed ratio sequential schedules, and the lower drug dose offspring received significantly fewer reinforcements than either of the other two groups on an FR-concurrent schedule. Both groups of drug offspring were able to obtain their reinforcements with a lower expenditure of effort than the saline offspring. The higher drug dose offspring made significantly more incorrect (early and late) responses on a schedule which rewarded a delayed response (DRL).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Preliminary study on the use of manosonic aerosols at La Bourboule thermal springs (author's transl)].

A preliminary study of 119 observations yielded the first conclusions on the use of a new technique in thermal practice : the manosonic aerosol at La Bourboule. The best indications seem to be for sinusitis with cephalagia, allergic or not, and for the ear, hypoacusis, either by erous otitis or by repetitive otitis as well as tubal catarrh. Positive results are observed in about 75 % of cases. The limits and precautions in the use of this technique are also reported.

Adolescent↗