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Biomedical subjects

D Boda

Publications and source records attributed to D Boda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Active immunization of children exposed to varicella infection in a hospital ward using live attenuated varicella vaccine given subcutaneously or intracutaneously.

Active immunization using Takahashi OKA live attenuated varicella vaccine was carried out fire 5 times to prevent the spread of "imported" varicella in a hospital ward. Susceptibility was previously tested by serological examinations: 14 children were vaccinated subcutaneously, the other 19 received the vaccine intracutaneously. Vaccination within a few days following exposure provided complete immunity in the great majority of cases. Intracutaneous administration was nearly as protective as the subcutaneous one.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1984

Cerebroprotective effect of dexamethasone by increasing the tolerance to hypoxia and preventing brain oedema in newborn piglets with experimental pneumothorax.

The effect of dexamethasone (DXM) pretreatment in newborn piglets with experimental pneumothorax (EPT) was studied. Neither low DXM doses nor those administered 1 or 2 h prior to the induction of EPT were found to be effective against its course. In contrast, 5 mg/kg of body wt. of DXM given subcutaneously 4 h prior to EPT improved significantly both the tolerance and laboratory data of the animals. The extent of brain oedema, measured 4 h after recovery, was also considerably lowered. Actinomycin D pretreatment prevented almost completely the beneficial effect offered by DXM suggesting the involvement of newly synthesized protein(s) in the cerebroprotective effect of DXM.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Modulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability in neonatal cytotoxic brain edema: laboratory and morphological findings obtained on newborn piglets with experimental pneumothorax.

Acute, bilateral pneumothorax (PT) was produced in 14 newborn piglets. The clinical status of the operated and 14 control animals was monitored by measuring the arterial blood gases, acid-base balance and mean arterial blood pressure. Different brain regions were processed for electron microscopy and albumin immunohistochemistry; water and electrolyte contents were also determined at the end stage of experimental intervention. Electron microscopy showed more intense pinocytotic activity in the endothelium of brain capillaries from PT animals evaluated by morphometry. Statistically significant (p less than 0.01) differences were found in the distribution of pinocytotic vesicles in different brain areas of PT animals. The blood-brain barrier seemed to be impermeable to albumin in all brain regions both in the controls and in the PT group. Parallel with the changes observed in pinocytosis, the water and sodium contents were also increased in the PT group in the parietal cortex (water content 85.18 +/- SD 0.81% vs. 84.10 +/- SD 0.52%, p less than 0.01; sodium content in wet brain tissue 70.94 +/- SD 8.44 mmol/kg vs. 65.09 +/- SD 4.43 mmol/kg, p less than 0.05, in dry brain tissue 481.70 +/- 75.70 mmol/kg vs. 410.15 +/- SD 35.45 mmol/kg, p less than 0.05) and in the cerebellum (water content 83.95 +/- SD 1.08% vs. 83.02 +/- SD 0.89%, p less than 0.05; sodium content in wet brain tissue 60.67 +/- SD 3.16 mmol/kg vs. 55.90 +/- 6.26 mmol/kg, p less than 0.01). However, in other brain regions--especially in the water-shed area--there was no correlation between the changes of pinocytosis and water-electrolyte contents of the tissues. It is suggested that the type of edema developing in this severe cardiovascular/hypoxic collapse is cytotoxic of origin and this fact should be more seriously taken into account in the treatment of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of allopurinol treatment in premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.

A randomized prospective study of the effectiveness of allopurinol (Ap), a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, was performed in premature infants endangered by hypoxia. The drug was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day orally for 3 days. In the Ap-treated group the expected decrease in the serum concentration and urinary excretion of uric acid was accompanied by a decrease in the mortality rate of infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. In these patients a concomitant improvements in renal function, as indicated by an increased urinary flow rate and creatinine output, was also obvious. It is suggested that the observed beneficial effect is due to the specific inhibition of xanthine oxidase associated with Ap therapy leading to reduced generation of superoxide radicals and decreased urinary loss of purine.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1984

Role of hyperuricaemia in critically ill patients especially newborns.

The results of animal experiments and clinical observations concerning the pathological role of hyperuricaemia and the effect of allopurinol treatment in acute metabolic disturbances and critically ill patients is reported. In uricase enzyme blocked rats treated by oxonic acid, urate nephropathy could be elicited by endogenous purine catabolism in shock. Hyperuricaemia aggravated the shock, while allopurinol increased the survival time. In shock resistant rats hyperuricaemia did not develop when shock was elicited. Allopurinol prevented hyperuricaemia and increased the physical performance of swimming rats, while in experimental DIC allopurinol reduced markedly the hyperuricaemia and the kidney damage. In clinical studies a close correlation was observed between the degree of hyperuricaemia and the severity of illness. Serum uric acid values were lowered in cases treated by peritoneal dialysis. In randomized control studies of newborns with IRDS the survival rate was improved by allopurinol treatment. In critically ill patients with various illnesses allopurinol prevented the progression of the pathological process and improved the clinical condition. The effect of allopurinol in acute clinical metabolic disturbances may be due to its protection against the renal damage by hyperuricaemia and against purine loss by inhibition of xanthine oxidase during the hypoxic stress and the enhancement of hypoxanthine salvage by HGPRT. Allopurinol reduced the production of superoxide radicals and thus the effect of injury may also be moderated by xanthine oxidase blockade.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Deleterious effects of smoking during pregnancy: studies on blood oxygen affinity.

16 mothers smoking 1-40 cigarettes dialy during pregnancy and their infants were studied at delivery compared to 13 non-smoking controls. The infants of smoking mothers had significantly decreased weight and length at birth compared to the infants of non-smokers. In the smoker group the thiocyanate level in maternal venous and newborn cord blood sera was significantly higher than in the non-smokers. The standard blood oxygen affinity of cord blood was significantly increased in the smokers' group and was positively correlated to the thiocyanate level in cord blood. At the age of three and five days there were no differences in the newborns' capillary blood standard oxygen affinity between the two groups. The deleterious effect of maternal smoking on the fetus and newborn is discussed.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

Effects of an antenatal load of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on the blood oxygen affinity and prolactin levels in newborn infants and their mothers.

The effects of a loading dose of pyridoxine (100 mg) given intramuscularly or per os to 24 earlier non-supplemented pregnant women at term was investigated. The in vitro oxygen affinity (P50) and the prolactin level in both maternal and newborn blood was sampled. The blood P50 values were measured by a variant of "mixing method". Blood prolactin levels were determined by RIA. After pyridoxine administration, the maternal P50 values increased moderately and the newborns' cord blood P50 values increased significantly when compared with the control group's (number of cases 12) values. The decrease of blood oxygen affinity was most pronounced in the supplemented groups in newborns' capillary blood at the age of five days. The pyridoxine supplementation had no effect on the maternal and the newborns' cord blood prolactin level or on the daily amount of breast milk. Pyridoxine supplementation of the mother at labour may influence favourably the oxygen transport function of the newborn's blood and it may be especially advantageous in early postnatal adaptation disturbances of newborns.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Effect of parenteral allopurinol treatment in critically ill children in need of intensive care.

Intravenous allopurinol was administered in a dose of 5-10 mg/kg daily with continuous control of the blood level of the drug and its active metabolite in 12 infants or children in critical condition resulting from various illnesses. Only one died of the patients who were all in shock and whose state stagnated or progressed in spite of the usual intensive therapy. The importance of hyperuricaemia before treatment is emphasized as this is a common characteristic of hypoxic states and through urate nephropathy it further aggravates the course of the illness. Allopurinol may exert its beneficial effect not only by decreasing hyperuricaemia, but also by preventing the loss of purines from the hypoxic cells of the ischaemic tissues by inhibition of xanthine oxidase and/or diminishing the cytotoxic superoxide radical production, the source of which is xanthine oxidase.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1983

Effect of drugs used in obstetrics on the constriction by oxygen of the ductus arteriosus of the rabbit fetus.

The tone of the ductus arteriosus of the rabbit fetus near term constricted by oxygen (PO2 = 20 kPa) was relaxed reversibly by the drugs chlorpromazine, promethazine, drotaverine, papaverine, diazepam, propanidid, isoxsuprine, pethidine, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methyl-propyl) 2-thiobarbituric acid, and furosemide. Ethyl alcohol, on the other hand, caused constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. These drugs if used in obstetrics may disturb the newborn's adaptation to extrauterine life by inhibiting the postnatal closure of the ductus arteriosus. On the other hand, the constrictive effect of alcohol may adversely affect the fetus. The results make it necessary to investigate the effect of the drugs applied during the perinatal period on the adaptation of newborns to extrauterine life.

Animals↗