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Biomedical subjects

D Boda

Publications and source records attributed to D Boda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Misunderstandings and pitfalls on the narrow pathway of medical ethics].

Due to the scientific progress and the rapid changes in social circumstances, medical ethics became a complicated and difficult science. On the basis of fundamental and simple principles of medical ethics (salus aegroti suprema lex) the author tries to take standpoint in questions arisen in his practice in which the medical aspect was not necessarily obvious. It can be ethically faulty when more then necessary is provided to the patients (in prescribing medicine, in welfare, in performing examinations). It is necessary that the steadily increasing medical specialization goes together with the better cooperation between the medical disciplines and with wider distribution of special experience. The system of the medical honorarium should be entirely open and publicly regulated. It is a medical ethical obligation to place the organs of brain death cases suitable for transplantation at the disposal of patients requiring it. In the field of reproduction not the suspicion alone but the undoubtebly proven injury of fetus only can be a sufficient medical indication for the termination of pregnancy. The medical person by his attitude in creating optimal conditions for the perinatal care has to do his best in avoiding any heartlessness, contralily, in promoting willingness in the parents to have children.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Blood glutathione redox ratio as a parameter of oxidative stress in premature infants with IRDS.

Oxygen toxicity is thought to play an important pathogenic role in several neonatal diseases, including idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). Therefore, the development of a reliable measure of the actual oxidative stress status of patients would be of great clinical significance. In order to obtain information about the oxidative stress during the first week of life in premature infants with IRDS, the blood concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione, as well as their molar ratios, were determined by a highly sensitive, specific enzymic assay. The fractional inspired oxygen concentrations needed to maintain adequate arterial oxygen tension and the arterio-alveolar oxygen ratios were chosen as parameters indicating the severity of illness in premature infants at a given time. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the glutathione redox ratios and the fractional inspired oxygen concentrations. A maturity-related difference was also found; the oxidized glutathione concentrations were the highest in the least mature infants, accompanied by a pronounced compensatory rise in the reduced glutathione concentrations as well. A significant negative correlation was found between the arterio-alveolar oxygen ratio and the glutathione redox ratio: i.e., an improvement in oxygenation was accompanied by a decrease in the glutathione redox ratio. The efficient recycling of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes providing antioxidant protection for premature infants, permits the use of the blood glutathione redox ratio as a noninvasive measure of in vivo oxidative stress.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1990

[Hypoxic myoglobinemia in severe neonatal disorders of adaptation to extrauterine life].

In two series of newborns needing intensive care the presence, the degree and the prognostic value of myoglobinaemia was examined. In series I. of hypoxic newborns the myoglobinaemia was present even in infants requiring less than 60% O2 therapy. The serum myoglobin value was significantly higher in cases needing oxygen therapy over 60% oxygen. This was most pronounced in the critically severe and progressive cases. In series II. of 34 consecutive cases of hypoxic newborns exceeding 7 nM/l proved to have a prognostic value indicating critically severe course or fatal outcome of the disease. The myoglobinaemia observed in the present study may explain the effectivity of the peritoneal dialysis therapy introduced previously by us in severe hypoxic newborns. This possibility was supported by further observations on the transperitoneal passage of myoglobin in 4 renal hilus ligated and peritoneally dialyzed newborn piglets. In conclusion, early detection of the elevated myoglobinaemia in severely hypoxic newborns has a definite prognostic value and its degree can be used in the indication of peritoneal dialysis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of urinary caffeine metabolites reflecting the "in vivo" xanthine oxidase activity in premature infants with RDS and in hypoxic states of children.

Grant et al. have demonstrated that after caffeine intake the ratio of 1-methyluric acid (MU) and 1-methylxanthine (MX) in the urine indicates the total xanthine oxidase (XO) activity of the organism. It has been stated - after having applied this method on premature infants with severe respiration distress syndrome (17 cases) and on children in need of intensive care (18 cases) in the critical phase and during the reparation of the same patients as well, furthermore on so-called shock-tolerant patients (6 cases) and on healthy children (15 cases) - that the total XO activity can increase extremely in severe acute clinical states but a considerable decrease can be detected during reparation while in shock-tolerant states it can become expressively low. The investigations explain properly the favourable XO inhibiting effect of allopurinol demonstrated in states of experimental and clinical shock. The low XO activity observed in shock-tolerant conditions may be the result of intrinsic compensatory mechanisms.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

The ratio of oxidized/reduced glutathione as an index of oxidative stress in various experimental models of shock syndrome.

Red blood cells are well equipped to handle intracellular oxidative stress, their membranes are permeable to O2- and H2O2, and in this way they are important regulators of oxygen reactions occurring in their surroundings. The protective effect against reduced oxygen species - generated during the endothelial cell injury of various tissues - is attributed mainly to the glutathione metabolism of red blood cells. The blood concentration of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was determined by a sensitive method using glutathione reductase in experimental shock syndromes induced by paraquat toxicity, tourniquet ligature and endotoxin in rats, by bleeding and reperfusion in dogs and by transient ligature of thoracic aorta in newborn piglets. Under these conditions the concentration of GSSG was elevated and GSH was lowered, resulting in an increase in the redox ratio: [GSSG/(GSH + GSSG)] x 100 (GSSG/GSH); particularly during reperfusion. Determination of the GSSG/GSH seems to be a reliable index to assess the degree of oxidative stress "in vivo".

Animals↗