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Biomedical subjects

D Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to D Bishop.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Assessment of long-term verbal memory in children.

This study was designed to evaluate the use of a Paired Associate Learning Test (PALT) and a Story Recall test with children aged from 8 to 12 years. 46 normal control children and 19 children of low ability were given the PALT from the Wechsler Memory Scale, and a story recall task, based on Wechsler's Logical Memory subtest, but using stories designed to be suitable for children. Performance on PALT approached ceiling levels for the control children. Both PALT and story recall were more strongly correlated with measures of verbal ability than with digit span. Reliable measures of immediate story recall can be obtained using two or three stories. Many children who are unable to recall a story after a 45 minute delay show dramatic improvement when given a single cue, and it is argued that cued delayed recall gives a better index of long-term memory than uncued recall. Correlations between immediate recall and cued delayed recall are high, and the data presented here may be used to compute a forgetting score which takes into account the level of immediate recall. In the sample seen here, rate of forgetting was remarkably constant across individuals, in both normal and low ability individuals. It is concluded that memory deficits affecting rate of forgetting are rare, but that the test materials described here could be useful for identifying such disorders in children with neurological impairments.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Face perception in children with autism and Asperger's syndrome.

Children with diagnoses of either autism or Asperger's syndrome were matched on measures of verbal mental age with nonautistic control children. They were tested on their abilities to process both facial and nonfacial stimuli. There were no significant differences between the low ability autistic and control groups, but the high ability autistic and Asperger's children performed significantly worse than controls across all tests. Group averages masked substantial individual variation. The results are seen as indicating a general perceptual deficit that is not specific to faces or emotions. This appears to be a common correlate of autism and Asperger's syndrome, rather than a core symptom.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1992

Electrohydraulic-clamshell heart with energy converter inside the compliance reservoir.

Two new ideas on the electrohydraulic actuation of blood pumps have been combined. The first idea was to put the energy converters that propel the hydraulic fluid inside the compliance reservoir instead of having them separate. Compactness of the device and better cooling of the energy converter by the surrounding fluid are two major advantages of this approach. Secondly, we put the pumping membrane inside a clamshell that fits over a soft ventricle (1). The ventricle can be implanted first, after which the shell is slid over it. These two ideas have resulted in devices described in this paper. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo data are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Perception and awareness of phonemes in phonologically impaired children.

Fourteen phonologically impaired children and 14 normally speaking controls were given tests of speech discrimination, in which they had to distinguish between similar phonemes, and tasks of rhyme judgement and matching words on the basis of their initial phoneme, which require the child to identify the same sounds across differing word contexts. Compared to the control group, children with phonological impairment were poor on the phoneme discrimination tasks, but there was wide variation in performance and seven of these children scored near ceiling levels. All children showed some ability to discriminate contrasts they could not produce. Substantial deficits were found in the ability of phonologically impaired children to identify phoneme constancy across differing word contexts. It is difficult to explain such findings in terms of impaired auditory discrimination. Results are discussed in relation to normal phonological development, and it is suggested that phonologically impaired children do not progress to the stage of analysing words at the level of the phoneme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between the perception of social support and post-stroke depression in hospitalized patients.

In our study we examined the relationship between the perceived adequacy of social support and post-stroke depression in 76 hospitalized Australian patients. Social support or the perception of its lack, particularly from a spouse care-giver, was associated significantly with both the presence and severity of depressive disorder. Furthermore, depressed patients who perceived their support to be inadequate had a longer duration of depressive illness than depressed patients who perceived their support in a more favorable light. We conclude that following stroke, perception of social support from key relationships may mediate the emotional response to this life crisis. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

The impact of diabetes in Minnesota--1988.

To assess the impact of diabetes and its complications, state statistics and rates adjusted to Minnesota's population were reported for 1988. We estimate that there were 87,110 persons with diagnosed diabetes and an additional 82,920 with undiagnosed diabetes. There were 556 deaths for which diabetes was reported as the underlying cause. Although diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in Minnesota, its full impact is not measured by mortality alone, but in combination with the morbidity and disability that it causes. Several statistics and estimates help portray the full impact of the disease and its complications.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1990

Torsades de Pointes.

Torsades de Pointes (T.D.P.) is a ventricular dysrhythmia that is a commonly undiagnosed condition seen within Critical Care areas of most Major Metropolitan Hospitals. It is a condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Experience has shown a lack of understanding of the clinical features and the treatment of this particular life threatening dysrhythmia. This paper was compiled to increase the awareness of the health professional of Torsades de Pointes, covering areas of physiologic mechanisms, clinical features, causes of the dysrhythmia and most importantly treatment, whether it be mechanical, drug therapy or a combination of both. Controversial issues have been raised and are discussed in this paper including the use of Magnesium Sulphate as first line treatment.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1990

Interdisciplinary perspectives on mechanisms and management of low back pain.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most pervasive and costly problems facing medicine today. In addition to personal suffering, CLBP accounts for a greatly disproportionate amount of consumer health care over-utilization, employee absenteeism, lowered work productivity, disability and compensation payments. Recent research in the area has called attention to the complex nature of the problem and the need for an interdisciplinary approach to identification and management. Toward this end, a panel of health care professionals with skill in the assessment and treatment of chronic pain was convened on November 17, 1988. Sponsored by the Institute for Behavioral Medicine in Providence and with funding from the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke and Trauma Program, the purpose of the panel discussion was to bring together clinicians and researchers from distinctly different specialties but who all work with CLBP patients. Topics of discussion included etiology, current status of medical diagnostics and treatments for chronic pain, conceptual and systems issues, and directions for future research.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1989

Alpha-amanitin resistant transcription of protein coding genes in insect and bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei.

The variant cell surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene expression sites of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei are transcribed by an unusual alpha-amanitin resistant RNA polymerase. All other protein coding genes of T.brucei examined to date are transcribed by an alpha-amanitin sensitive RNA polymerase, presumably RNA polymerase II. We now show that transcription of protein coding genes by alpha-amanitin resistant RNA polymerases is not unique to the bloodstream form expressed VSG gene expression sites, but also occurs in insect form trypanosomes, which do not express VSG genes. In insect form trypanosomes transcription of the procyclin or PARP genes is resistant to alpha-amanitin to a degree comparable with that of VSG and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparison of the alpha-amanitin resistantly transcribed PARP and VSG gene families shows that they both produce one of the most abundant mRNAs [1-3% of poly(A)+] and they both encode the major cell surface proteins of their respective life cycle stages. Transcription of a subset of functionally comparable protein coding genes is thus mediated by an RNA polymerase which differs from the regular RNA polymerase II.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1989

Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human renal carcinoma demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in man comprise at least four gene families. Three of these families give rise to cytosolic isoenzymes (alpha, mu and pi classes), whilst the remainder is membrane bound and has been called microsomal GST. These enzymes are implicated in tumourogenesis and both pi class GST and alpha class GST have been described in four cases of human renal cell carcinoma. Using specific polyclonal rabbit antisera we have demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that all 12 renal carcinomas studied contained GST pi. Most tumours also contained GST alpha, GST mu and microsomal GST isoenzymes but their distribution was heterogeneous and sometimes very focal. This heterogeneity of GST isoenzyme distribution within tumours has not been well documented previously, but is relevant to our understanding of the functions of GST, and to the interpretation of biochemical quantification experiments using tissue extracts.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1986

DSM-III and clinically identified problems as a guide to treatment.

Problems, DSM-III diagnoses, and treatment interventions were coded from the problem-oriented medical records of an acute psychiatric hospital. Problems and diagnoses were entered into separate stepwise multiple regression analyses to test their ability to predict 24 treatment interventions. Significant predictors were then included in a combined analysis. Both DSM-III diagnoses and problems were robust and significant indicators of medication treatments. Both were better predictors of medication than were problems and DSM-II diagnoses in an earlier study. With regard to psychosocial interventions, problems were better indicators than were DSM-III diagnoses, although neither was robust. Both were less useful as predictors of psychosocial interventions than in the earlier study. Overall, the combination of problems and diagnoses was generally superior in predictive power to either alone. These results suggest that problem nomenclature should include DSM-III diagnoses. Alternatively, DSM-III should be revised to accommodate some of the greater specificity and range of a problem nomenclature.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed1986

Information overload and how to lighten it.

The overabundance of information resources, and the inadequacy of current information retrieval methods, are considered with special reference to the scholarly record of the health sciences. Both formal and informal means for finding information, and for keeping abreast of new knowledge, are reviewed, with practical suggestions for lightening the load. Continuing educators are seen as having a special role in this process.

Abstracting and Indexing↗