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Biomedical subjects

D Berger

Publications and source records attributed to D Berger.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of adrenergic receptor blockade on the exercise-induced rise in pancreatic polypeptide in man.

The effect of adrenergic receptor-blocking agents upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), human GH (hGH), immunoreactive insulin, and glucose during graded submaximal exercise was ascertained in six healthy nonobese males. Subjects exercised from 0--27 min on a motor-driven treadmill and received infusions from -10 to 40 min of either 1) saline, 2) saline plus phentolamine (0.5 mg/min; alpha-adrenergic blockade), or 3) propranolol (3 mg) from -10 to -5 min, followed by saline plus propranolol (0.08 mg/min; beta-adrenergic blockade). During saline-exercise, mean plasma hPP rose from a mean (+/-SE) basal level of 45 +/- 11 to 149 +/- 51 pg/ml at 27 min, whereas with phentolamine-exercise, the maximal level reached by mean plasma hPP (305 +/- 28 pg/ml) was significantly greater than that with saline (P less than 0.05). During propranolol-exercise, mean plasma hPP did not rise significantly above the basal level. The incremental area under the hPP curve for phentolamine-exercise also was significantly greater than that for saline-exercise or propranolol-exercise. The changes in plasma hGH during and after saline-exercise correlated with those of hPP, but the effects of phentolamine and propranolol upon exercise-induced increases in hGH were opposite to the effects upon hPP. The exercise-induced fall in immunoreactive insulin was accentuated with propranolol and abolished with phentolamine. It is concluded that 1) submaximal exercise stimulates secretion of hPP and hGH, 2) adrnergic mechanisms participate in exercise-induced increased secretion of hPP (beta-adrenergic stimulation augments secretion and alpha-adrenergic stimulation inhibits secretion), and 3) adrenergic effects which modulate exercise-induced secretion of hPP and insulin are in parallel but are opposite to those that modulate the secretion of hGH.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Do aerosol propellants produce a bronchoconstrictor effect? (author's transl)].

25 asthma patients regularly showed an increase in respiratory resistance, as measured by the oscillation method, after propellant from a dosage aerosol had been sprayed into their buccal or nasal cavity. This effect, which was also seen in three laryngectomised patients, could be blocked by ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic agent. Evidently it is due to a bronchoconstrictor reflex elicited by the local low-temperature stimulus produced by the propellant.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Personality-structure in different kinds of bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

The "Giessen-Test" is a psychological test in form of a questionnaire, basing on self-assessment. It was applied in 63 patients with bronchial asthma in order to get their "self-images" and their "ideal-self-images". Except of higher values for depression the "self-images" of the asthmatics resembled very closely those of normals. The ideals ("ideal-self-image") of the patients were uncharacteristic and reflected general trends. In contrast to these findings eleven physicians had a negative conception of asthmatic patients ("foreign image"). Physicians assessed the asthmatics to be disliked ("negative social resonant"), obstinate ("dominant") and depressive. Patients with exogen-allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma and asthma of unknown origin differ from each other only within a few marks. These differences, however, are not sufficient, to allow to coordinate a specific personality-structure with one of the different kinds of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Visual loss and foveal lesions in Usher's syndrome.

Forty-eight patients with Usher's syndrome were assess for the degree of visual loss, extent of lens opacities, and presence of foveal lesions. Twenty-one patients (44%) showed either atrophic or cystic-appearing bilateral foveal changes. Despite having foveal lesions and variable degrees of lens opacities most patients maintained central visual acuity of 20/60 or better until their middle 30s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Efficiency and limitations of Pickrell's anomyoplasty in treatment of postoperative incontinence in children with anorectal malformations (author's transl)].

Eight children with high or intermediate anorectal malformations and fecal incontinence after primary repair were operated according the Pickrell technique. In 3 patients, the result of the Pickrell plasty was clinically not sufficient and the opposite gracilis muscle was used in addition at a second operative session. The 8 children were studied clinically, radiologically, by electromyography and manometry. The results are presented in detail. All 8 patients had a good passive continence at rest, but an active physiological continence could not be achieved. This seems to be due mainly to the absence of the internal anal sphincter, but partially also to the incomplete or even lacking adaptation of the pulled through bowel, which showed a relative hyperactivity and did not function as a neorectal reservoir. Some therapeutic measures to overcome the problems due to the fact that we deal at the same time with smooth and with striated muscles are discussed in the limelight of the present study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

On nasobronchial reflex in asthmatic patients.

In 27 asthmatic patients a single cold stimulus into the nose resulted in a sudden increase of airway resistance, measured continuously by a new forced-oscillations-technique. The effect could be blocked by previous intrabronchial application of an anti-cholinergic drug. In laryngectomised patients, who no longer have a connection between the upper and the lower airpathways, cold stimuli into the nose caused a bronchoconstriction just as it did in the asthmatics. So the cold effect must be based on a reflex mechanism.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

Endovesical transurethral electrostimulation in the rehabilitation of neurogenic bladder in children. 4 Years clinical experience.

4 years of experience in the rehabilitation of neurogenic bladders by endovesical electrostimulation (ES) with 31 children permits us to judge the value and limitations of this treatment. 8 children (26%) reacted favorably to treatment and acquired continence approaching normal. 12 children (38%) showed modifications of bladder-sphincter equilibrium, without acquiring socially sufficient continence. 10 children (33%) showed no response to treatment. In 1 child ES may have precipitated bladder decompensation. An analysis of clinical, manometric, and radiological results in comparison to the underlying pathology permitted us to define the contraindications to ES therapy, criteria which should in the future permit a more efficient selection of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of age on fasting plasma levels of pancreatic hormones in man.

The effect of age and adiposity on fasting plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI) and glucose was examined in 263 healthy subjects between the ages of 20-69 yr. Mean plasma levels of hPP rose continuously from the third through the seventh decades. Mean plasma levels of IRG rose within the third and fourth decades but failed to rise further thereafter. Mean plasma levels of IRI did not change with age. Mean plasma levels of glucose rose by approximately 2 mg/dl . decade. The correlations of age with hPP, IRG, glucose, and adiposity were 0.47, 0.35, 0.25 (all P less than 0.01) and 0.15 (P less than 0.05), respectively. When adjustments were made for adiposity, the correlations of age with hPP, IRG, and glucose remained. Adiposity correlated with IRI, IRG, and glucose but when age correction was made, only the correlation of adiposity with IRI persisted. We conclude that: 1) age has a significant effect on fasting plasma levels of hPP and IRG; 2) the patterns of the age-related changes in hPP and IRG are not the same, suggesting that there are differences in the mechanism(s) by which age influences plasma levels of these two pancreatic hormones; and 3) age should be considered in the interpretation of fasting plasma levels of hPP and IRG.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Personal networks of ex-mental patients in a Manhattan SRO hotel.

This paper describes the results of the first systematic investigation of ex-mental patients residing in a large Manhattan Single Room Occupancy hotel. Utilizing a "Network Profile" questionnaire, personal interviews, and participant observation, the study focuses on the relationship of social networks to the degree of personality disturbance and the chances of remaining in a nonhospitalized environment. The findings indicate that: (1) schizophrenics have significantly fewer numbers of personal contacts than nonpsychotics; however, even the most impaired schizophrenics are not totally isolated; (2) within the schizophrenic spectrum, there are differences regarding network size, multiplexity, directionality of relationships, and degree of connectedness; these findings are correlated with the ability of schizophrenics with minimal residual deficits to become important members of the hotel community; (3) small, nonmultiplex networks with a low degree of connectedness are correlated with more frequent rehospitalizations.

Group Structure↗