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Biomedical subjects

D Berger

Publications and source records attributed to D Berger.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Gallium-67/technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate ratio imaging: early rabbit osteomyelitis and fracture.

Simultaneous digital acquisition of [67Ga] and [99mTc]MDP images, and subsequent division of the first by the second to produce a parametric ratio image (G/T), is employed to characterize the relative localization of the two radiopharmaceuticals in early rabbit tibia Staphloccocus aureus osteomyelitis and fracture repair. Images obtained during the first 48 hr of each condition show preferential 67Ga accumulation probably reflecting an initial inflammatory response while G/T images at 5-7 days show predominance of the bone-seeking scan agent, which may indicate that the dominant process is osteoblastic repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Surgical therapeutic attitude towards complicated stress ulcers in children].

Perforation or uncontrollable hemorrhage following a stress ulcer rarely occurs in high risk children if strict prophylactic measures are adopted. However, we have observed and operated 3 cases over a period of 2 years. Despite the diverse etiologies and contrary to some authors, we have always chosen the simplest and least mutilating operation in order to preserve the physiologic function of the digestive tract. The aim of this article is to compare our therapeutic attitude with that of the literature.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Early postoperative enteral feeding through a needle catheter jejunostomy.

The advantages of early postoperative enteral nutrition through a needle catheter jejunostomy in 13 operated children (1 day to 14 years) are analysed. They presented various surgical or medical diseases. 8 of them had a duodenal atresia or stenosis. Their postoperative follow-up was compared with other children suffering from the same pathology without early postoperative enteral feeding. The simplicity of the realimentation, the absence of septic complications and the metabolic advantages of this method prove to be extremely efficient when a protein and calorie malnutrition must be avoided and fractionated oral feeding is impossible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Low levels of functional of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the promotion of C3-cleavage by granulocyte-neutral proteases in pleural empyema.

It has been suggested that C3 breakdown by granulocyte-neutral proteases in pleural empyemas may be related to a decreased inhibitor potential for these enzymes. In the present study it was shown that in 17 infected pleural effusions, high proteolytic activity on 125I-labeled C3 (16.3% +/- 4.4%) correlated with low functional levels of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), as determined by trypsin-inhibitory capacity (56.2 +/- 20.1 IU/ml; rs = -0.97, P less than .001), whereas in 18 sterile pleural effusions there was no such correlation (125I-labeled C3 cleavage, 2.2% +/- .2%; trypsin-inhibitory capacity, 192.6 +/- 26.7 IU/ml). However, alpha 1-PI and alpha 2-macroglobulin protein concentrations in infected and sterile effusions (as measured by immunodiffusion) were similar. Fifteen strains of three bacterial species--Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis--isolated from patients with pneumonia or empyema inactivated the elastase-inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-PI in vitro. These results show that in empyemas functional levels of alpha 1-PI were too low to inactivate granulocyte elastase and that some bacterial species may contribute to the low inhibitor potential of infected pleural fluid by direct alpha 1-PI inactivation.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Induction of proteolytic activity in serum by treatment with anionic detergents and organic solvents.

Using casein plates as a sensitive assay for proteolytic activity, it was observed that sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and other anionic detergents induce caseinolysis when mixed with sera and plasma. Caseinolysis was dependent on the presence of plasminogen in the fluids and could be blocked by inhibitors of serine proteases and antibody to plasminogen. Similarly, organic solvents such as isopropanol induced caseinolysis after mixing with plasma, but not normal serum. Isopropanol dissociated complexes of alpha 1-antitrypsin or alpha 2-macroglobulin with trypsin preformed in vitro. As both SDS and organic solvents are widely used in biochemical investigations of biological fluids, attention should be paid to the possible induction of proteolysis.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1983

[Therapeutic alternative in the treatment of portal hypertension in children. Vossschulte's esophageal dissection-ligation modified by Rehbein].

The dissection and Vossschulte ligature of the esophagus, modified by Rehbein, is precisely directed on the oesophageal varices, responsible for the most dangerous symptom of portal hypertension in childhood. This technic was employed six times between 1974 and 1977 in the prehepatic portacaval obstructions. The postoperative follow-up actually carries over a period from 5 to 8 years without any hemorrhage recurrency. The long term clinic, radiology, endoscopy and manometric analysis, allows to precise even better the advantages and inconveniences of this palliative method which was found to be curative in most cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

On vagal bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients by nasal irritation.

In 27 asthmatic patients a single cold stimulus into the nose resulted in a sudden increase of airway resistance, measured continuously by a forced-oscillation technique. The effect could be blocked by previous intrabronchial application of an anticholinergic drug. In laryngectomised patients, who no longer have a connection between the upper and the lower airways, a cold stimulus into the nose also caused bronchoconstriction. So the cold effect must be based on a reflex mechanism.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of glucose in plasma by a differential pH technique.

A new automatic apparatus based on the differential measurement of pH between two solutions has been developed. Two 25-microL (internal volume) glass capillary electrodes are used to measure the results of automated (under microcomputer control) chemical reactions that lead to the liberation or the uptake of hydrogen ions. The sensitivity of the differential pH measurements is better than +/- 0.0001 pH unit, and the change in H+ concentration that can be detected by such an apparatus is 1 mumol/L for plasma and 3 mumol/L for whole blood. The technique has been applied to the measurement of glucose in plasma, giving results in agreement with the specifications of the Food and Drug Administration reference method for quantitative determination of glucose (hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method).

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Simulated stratospheric ozone depletion and increased ultraviolet radiation: effects on photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice.

Solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface of the earth is a recognized cause of skin cancer. Postulated anthropogenic reductions in the thickness of the ozone layer would lead to an increased amount of ultraviolet radiation and hence would be expected to increase the risk of skin carcinogenesis. This study uses hairless (Skh:HR) mice as an animal model to study this increased risk. The mice were exposed 5 days/week to graded doses of ultraviolet radiation from a xenon arc lamp attenuated by five different thicknesses of Schott glass filters (WG320) to simulate various ozone layer thicknesses. A Robertson-Berger sunburning ultraviolet meter was used as one of the forms of dosimetry. The results of the various exposure treatments are expressed as the percentage of animal with tumors (incidence) versus time after commencing irradiation and as cumulative tumor yield (average number of tumors per survivor) versus time. With any given filter, the time to 50% incidence is inversely related to daily dose in Robertson-Berger meter units. The time to 50% incidence for comparable Robertson-Berger meter doses through different filter thicknesses increases with increasing thickness. These results indicate that the effective dose for skin cancer induction may be estimated from the Robertson-Berger meter dose but that the Robertson-Berger meter response spectrum underestimates the photocarcinogenic effectiveness of the shorter wavelengths. The cumulative tumor yield data are also consistent with these conclusions. Alternate weighting of the source spectra with the acute-response action spectrum for mouse skin edema gave a better correlation between unit dose and time to a tumor response, independent of the source spectral distribution. This suggests that the mouse skin edema action spectrum, indistinguishable from a human skin erythema action spectrum for lambda greater than 295 nm, is similar in shape to the mouse skin photocarcinogenesis action spectrum for lambda greater than 295 nm.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute intussusception: a classic clinical picture?

57 patients with acute intussusception were admitted to the Children's Hospital Zurich between 1972 and 1979. All were treated surgically. One died, 7 needed a bowel resection, 9 intussusceptions were difficult and 32 easy to reduce. The retrospectively reviewed data show that the classic symptomatology, beginning suddenly in a healthy male (60%) under 3 years of age (91%) with attacks of colicky pain (81%), vomiting (93%), a palpable abdominal mass (72%) and rectal bleeding (72%), appears during the course of illness or may not be present at all. This leads to misdiagnosis, wrong treatment and worsening of the pathology. Blood per rectum, the most typical symptom, was present in the first hours of illness in only 5%, vomiting in 44% and colicky pain in 33% of the patients. A high degree of awareness is therefore necessary to diagnose intussusception during the first hours of illness, and particular stress must be laid on the accuracy of the diagnosis because reducibility and resection rate depend directly on the duration of the symptoms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. Comparison of medical, surgical and gynecological units].

Antibiotic use was evaluated retrospectively in 1229 patients of a university hospital (Basle, Switzerland). The frequency with which antibiotics were prescribed, the indication, duration of treatment, side-effects and clinical results were compared in relation to various subspecialities. 38.1% of medical, 36.4% of surgical and 24.4% of gynecological patients received one or more antibiotic during hospitalization. The main indications for antibiotic treatment were respiratory infection (57.8%) and urinary tract infections (21%) in medical patients, prophylaxis (38%) and urinary tract infections (23%) in surgery, and urinary tract infections (43%) and adnexitis or endometritis (23%) in gynecology. Amoxycillin or penicillin G were the first-line drugs for respiratory infection, cotrimoxazole for urinary tract infection and cefalothin or cefacetrile for surgical prophylaxis. Patients with endometritis or adnexitis usually received clindamycin in combination with an aminopenicillin. Aminoglycosides were employed in only 9.5% of antibiotic courses. Information on adverse reactions in the records was scanty, only generalized exanthem (13 cases) and nausea/vomiting (2 cases) being specifically mentioned. The therapeutic result was classified by the responsible physician as cure in 50.8% or definite improvement in 16.4% of patients. However, in 118 cases (29.7%) the contribution of antibiotics to the clinical outcome could not be evaluated retrospectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon.

The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗