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Biomedical subjects

D Bach

Publications and source records attributed to D Bach.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Hemorrhage into a brain abscess.

A case of hemorrhage into a brain abscess is presented, along with a classification of factors affecting the appearance on computed tomography of brain abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Calorimetric studies on various gangliosides and ganglioside-lipid interactions.

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the thermotropic behaviour of various gangliosides differing in size and in the net negative charge. It was found that the number and the position of the negative charges in the headgroup region influence strongly the phase transition profiles. Interaction of GM1 ganglioside with egg phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol was also investigated. GM1 is completely miscible with egg phosphatidylcholine, giving only one transition peak at all ratios of the two components, implying that when gangliosides are in a more fluid lipid environment in biological membranes they will be randomly distributed. Interaction with cholesterol decreases the enthalpy of melting of the ganglioside. The decrease in enthalpy reaches a plateau at about 30 mol% cholesterol, suggesting a lower affinity of cholesterol for gangliosides than for sphingomyelin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Incidence, Prevalence and mortality of urolithiasis in the German Federal Republic.

Two nationwide surveys were conducted in the German Federal Republic. An incidence of 0.54% and a prevalence of 4% were registered. The ratio of men to women for incidence was 2:1 and for prevalence 1:1. Stone prevalence increased from 1.28% to 6.79% with increasing age. The occupational groups mostly affected were pensioners (34.3%), housewives (23.5%) and employees (16.9%). In cities the prevalence rate was higher than in rural areas. In recent years the mortality rate had decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Circadian rhythm of lithogenic substances in the urine.

After determination of the lithogenic and inhibitory substances in serum and urine of 18 healthy control subjects and 20 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis on an uncontrolled diet, the alteration of the parameters while taking a standard diet was investigated. After attainment of a steady state, the investigations were performed over 48 h on 3-h aliquots of urine. Typical circadian rhythms were detected for all lithogenic parameters in the urine and normal ranges were established. This special investigation permits detection of "peaks" in the excretion of lithogenic substances which were masked in investigation of 24-h urine samples alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Parathyroid hormone is normal in renal stone patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and high fasting urinary calcium.

In a group of patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and an increased fasting urinary calcium excretion we re-examined the question: does secondary hyperparathy-roididsm exist? Eight out of 51 patients with calcium renal stones had a high calcium excretion in both fasting and in 24 h urines. The carboxyl-terminal immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) values in these patients were 16 +/- 5 ngeq/ml (M +/- SD), no higher than the iPTH values in the other groups, e.g. normocalciuric patients had an iPTH of 23 +/- 8 ngeq/ml. The existence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in a subgroup of stone patients with increased fasting urinary calcium excretion is questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and diagnosis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

In the German Federal Republic, the incidence of urolithiasis is 0.54% and the prevalence is 4%. Calcium oxalate stones are to be expected in over 60% of the cases. Pathogenetic factors are discussed. It is demonstrated that the overconsumption of chocolate, rhubarb and spinach brings about risk situations for stone formation, while asparagus and tomatoes present no risk. The increased animal protein and alcohol intake may be the most important reasons for the accumulations of calcium oxalate stones. Beside the minimum investigation programme it is demonstrated by examples that recurrent stone formers need an extended investigation to find out more about the pathogenesis, in order to determine an effective treatment or to prevent recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Compositional aspects of lipid hydration.

The effect of various lipids such as cerebrosides, gangliosides and dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPPC) on the lowering of the melting temperature of water, was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The lowering of the melting temperature, and the number of water molecules per lipid molecule which apparently do not undergo melting, increase with the increase of the size and charge of the polar group and with the unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chains. Freezing curves show supercooling to about -20 degrees C. It was found that the number of apparently unfreezable water molecules is about four for glucocerebroside from Gaucher's spleen and about eight or nine for galactocerebroside from bovine brain. In gangliosides from bovine brain the following number of water molecules/lipid molecule are apparently unfreezable: 22-30 in GM1, 33-40 in GD1a + GD1b while a fraction of gangliosides containing 75% GQ1b and 25% GT1b affects up to 60 molecules of water/molecule of lipid. A zwitterionic DPPC molecule removes apparently six to seven water molecules from freezing. There is no indication that the apparently unfreezable water molecules are in a distinct state. It is suggested that they freeze at very low temperatures producing a flat tail preceding the transition peak which cannot be discerned from the base line.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

How important are prostaglandins in the urology of man?

Although the discovery of prostaglandins (PGs) is to be attributed to investigations into the semen plasma and the accessory sex glands, it has been the female genital function and its relationship to the PGs rather than male genital function which has been the subject of intensive research in the past. This survey is intended to provide some idea of which known PGs play a part in the function of the male genital tract and of the urinary bladder. PGs, above all PGE, occur in testicle tissue, have a modulating effect on the LH-dependent steroid synthesis and possibly influence sperm density and sperm function. The PGs certainly play a part in the motility of the vas deferens and participate decisively in blood flow regulation in male genitals. The basal tone and contractility of the testicle capsule are partly controlled by PGs. Connections between reduced PGE levels in semen plasma and infertility are discussed. PGs are partly responsible for the basal tone and the emptying mechanism in the urinary bladder, and are transmitters acting between the nervous system and the muscular stimulus response. The significance to be attributed to PGs and the effect of urinary bladder carcinomas on their synthesis is still largely unclear. Animal studies and in vitro investigations reveal interesting aspects. The seminal vesicle synthesizes very large amounts of PGs, which probably display their action in the semen plasma and with this also in the female genital tract; there is a close relationship between the steroid and prolactin effects and PGs in the prostate gland. Together with prolactin, PGs are modulators of the stimulatory effects of steroids on this organ. On the other hand, the PGs formed in the prostate gland also exert a certain "remote action' in semen an in the urinary bladder. The importance of PGs in inflammatory changes in the prostate gland and the therapeutic possibilities for these clinical symptoms which may result from influencing PGs can be seen from some studies, but it is not yet possible to draw a final conclusion a this point in time.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Human eosinophil lysophospholipase: the sole protein component of Charcot-Leyden crystals.

Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC), formed in vitro from human eosinophils, were recently shown to contain a protein identical in physicochemical characteristics to human eosinophil lysophospholipase. Monospecific antisera, prepared against homogeneous, chromatographically purified eosinophil lysophospholipase and against CLC formed in vitro, yielded precipitin lines fusing in a pattern of immunochemical identity on Ouchterlony analysis with disrupted eosinophils, purified lysophospholipase, and solubilized CLC protein. With antisera to the purified lysophospholipase, CLC present in vivo in human feces were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence to contain eosinophil lysophospholipase. Fecal CLC, purified by sequential gradient centrifugation, contained a single protein migrating identically to eosinophil lysophospholipase on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Solubilized fecal CLC were recrystallized to form characteristically-shaped CLC. Thus, naturally occurring CLC are formed solely of human eosinophil lysophospholipase.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis. II. Characterization of activity.

Anaphylaxis of lung tissue leads to the generation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. A portion of the prostaglandin generation is due to a unique oligopeptide termed "prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis (PGF-A)," which is generated during anaphylaxis. The activity of PGF-A on human and guinea pig lung was characterized: peak PG formation occurs within 5 to 10 min of the addition of PGF-A, calcium but not magnesium is required for PGF-A activity, and both physiologic pH and temperature are necessary for optimal activity. Human and guinea pig airway and parenchymal (lung) responses to PGF-A were similar (predominantely PGF2 alpha) but were not identical to each other (guinea pig parenchyma produces thromboxane as well). PGF-A is, thus, a novel, potent mediator generated during anaphylaxis of lung tissue that may contribute to the spectrum of tissue responses seen in allergic reactions.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1981

[Medicinal teas in the prophylaxis of urinary calculus. Effect of solubitrat on the excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory substances (author's transl)].

While adhering to a standardized intake of food and liquids the effect of Solubitrat medicinal tea was tested under hospital conditions on the important serum parameters for urinary calculus formation and on the excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory substances in the urine. No significant differences were found in the serum parameters and in the 24 hr urine between the control group and the trial group. Observation of the day and night rhythm in the urine of the test group showed a prevention of the otherwise normal excretion peaks of most parameters at night, in particular the Ca concentration showing a significant flattening. Solubitrat medicinal tea consequently reduces the risk of urinary calculus formation and can be recommended without restriction for the fluid supply in the prophylaxis of urinary calculus.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Characterisation of urinary crystals and thin polished sections of urinary calculi by means of an optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic arrangement.

The use of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined permits a more far-reaching investigation of a given specimen. The subsequent element distribution analysis (EDAX system) allows the determination of mixed phases, inclusions and single crystals. The instrument combination was successfully tried on urinary crystals and thin sections of urinary calculi. The description of some findings, with the aid of examples, explains the efficiency of the system in the expansion of urinary calculus analysis.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1981

[CT and conventional radiography in the evaluation of bony lesions (author's transl)].

Several cases selected from a group of 67 patients with bony lesions (primary benign and malignant neoplasia, secondary neoplasia and metabolic disorders) serve to demonstrate the significant information gained by CT compared to that gained by conventional radiographic methods including angiography and bone scanning. CT is advantageous in showing the exact intra- and extraosseous extent of the lesion--helpful for further diagnosis and therapy. Measurements of length, area, volume and density can help to narrow down the differential diagnosis and they aid in follow-up examinations. CT supplements conventional radiographic methods and in some cases may even replace them, e.g. angiography.

Adenocarcinoma↗