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Biomedical subjects

D Adam

Publications and source records attributed to D Adam.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Diffusion of cefotaxime in different tissues of the urogenital tract (author's transl)].

Within the framework of perioperative prophylaxis against infections, serum and tissue concentrations were measured following an i. v. bolus injection of 2.0 g of cefotaxime in 25 patients with a prostatic adenoma. The mean serum concentrations were 64.9 microgram/ml, 56.6 microgram/ml, 45.2 microgram/ml, 18.2 microgram/ml and 19.9 microgram/ml 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively following the injection. The corresponding concentrations in the prostatic adenoma tissue were 8.8 microgram/g, 15.3 microgram/g, 22.9 microgram/g, 4.3 microgram/g and 2.7 microgram/g respectively. The tissue concentrations in ten testes from six patients were measured in a similar way. The maximum concentration (5.4 microgram/g) was also found to occur 90 minutes after the injection. We found very different values, ranging from 0.3 microgram/g to 39.6 microgram/g, in eight kidneys as a result of greatly differing diagnoses and function. Average concentrations of 9.2 microgram/g to 0.8 microgram/g in the ureter, fatty tissue and muscle tissue were within the therapeutically effective range. The cefotaxime concentrations found in serum and tissue lead us to expect successful therapy when cefotaxime is used to treat bacterial infections with sensitive pathogens in the urogenital tract.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Diffusion of cefuroxime into the prostatic and other tissues of the urogenital region (author's transl)].

From 33 patients with prostatic adenoma with an average age of 68.4 years, serum and prostatic tissue concentrations after a single bolus-dose of 1.5 grams of cefuroxime were estimated. The mean serum concentrations 30 to 35 minutes after the injection were measured with 132.6 and after 55 to 60 minutes with 99.6 micrograms/ml. The corresponding concentrations in the prostata tissue were 29.2 after 30 to 35 minutes and 20.1 micrograms/g after 55 to 60 minutes respectively. After 145 to 155 minutes the concentrations in the serum were still at 23 micrograms/ml and 9.2 micrograms/g in the prostatic tissue. In other organ tissues of the urogenital region (renal tissue, testicle, fat, muscle) the concentrations were different depending on the state of the tissue. The estimated concentrations of cefuroxime in serum and tissue are suited for the treatment of infections caused by cefuroxime sensitive microorganisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Concentrations of cefradine in renal tissue (author's transl)].

After a single bolus injection of two grams of cefradine the concentrations of antibiotic in serum and renal tissues of 21 patients were estimated. After 30 minutes the mean serum concentrations were 159 microgram/ml, after 60 mins 62 microgram/ml and after 95 mins 22 microgram/ml. The tissue concentrations in normal renal tissue (group I) after 30 minutes were 348 microgram/ml and with tissue of chronically inflamed kidneys (group II) 118 microgram/ml in the same period. After 90 minutes the concentrations of group I were 214 microgram/g, and in group II 28 microgram/g, e.g. 8 times lower. The estimated cefradine concentrations in serum and in normal and impaired renal tissue within the time interval of 10 to 90 minutes are above the minimal inhibition concentrations for most cefradine sensitive pathogens.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1979

[Diffusion of cefamandole into the prostatic tissue (author's transl)].

From 21 patients with prostatic adenoma with an average age of 69 years, serum and prostatic tissue concentrations after a single i.v. dose of 2 grams of cefamandole were estimated. The mean serum concentrations 30 minutes after the infusion was completed, were measured with 104.8 and after 60 minutes with 51 microgram/ml. The corresponding concentrations in the prostatic adenoma tissue were after 30 minutes 32.87 and after 60 minutes 17.1 microgram/g. These data are compared with earlier findings with other caphalosporine antibiotics (cephradine, cephapirine, cephacetrile, cephalothin) in the same tissue materials at the same time points. The estimated concentrations of cefamandole in serum and prostatic tissue are suited for the treatment of infections caused by cefamandole sensitive microorganisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Therapy of chronic respiratory tract infections in children, including mucoviscidosis (author's transl)].

In respiratory tract infections in children a distinction must be made between frequently recurring infections and genuine chronic infections due to specific anatomical factors, immunological defects or congenital diseases such as mucoviscidosis. The most frequent pathogens are Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella, S. aureus predominates in infants. The same applies for mucoviscidosis, in which P. aeruginosa is the second most frequent pathogen, occurring frequently after a primary infection with staphylococci. In order to avoid frequent relapses in mucoviscidosis patients, uninterrupted long-term treatment with an antibiotic which is effective against staphylococci is recommended, commencing the moment the diagnosis has been established. Suitable antibiotics are co-trimoxazole or oral cephalosporins (e. g. cephalexin, cephradine or cefaclor). Other respiratory tract infections should be treated according to the antibiogramme with a suitable antibiotic once the diagnosis has been confirmed.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1979

[Pharmacokinetic studies on broad spectrum antibiotic combinations of penicillin and oxacillin in normal volunteers (author's transl)].

After i.v. application of broad spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, mezlocillin, carbenicillin) alone or combined with oxacillin (concomitantly) in different dosages to normal volunteers, the course of serum levels and recovery from urine were assessed and pharmacokinetic data were calculated for a 1-compartment model, in some cases also for a 2-compartment model. The following penicillins were tested alone and combined with oxacillin; ampicillin 3 g, oxacillin 2 g and their combination; ampicillin 2 g, oxacillin 1 g and their combination; mezlocillin 3.75 g, oxacillin 1.25 g and their combination; mezlocillin 2 g, oxacillin 1 g and their combination; carbenicillin 7.5 g, oxacillin 2.5 g and their combination. Apart from one combination (oxacillin 2 g + ampicillin 3 g), all penicillin combinations exceeded the serum levels achieved after individual application at any time. In combinations, the elimination constants decreased, total clearance was lower, and half-lives increased. The distribution volumes varied. With one exception, oxacillin 2.5 g + carbenicillin 7.5 g, all the combinations yielded a higher recovery from urine than did individual administration. When administering i.v. two penicillins simultaneously, a process similar to that following administration of probenecid in association with caronamide must need be considered. It may be assumed that the prolongation and elevation of serum levels after combined administration likewise lead to higher tissue concentrations, which effect might be of clinical consequence.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of childhood meningitis with mezlocillin.

30 children suffering from bacterial meningitis and 2 children suffering from septicemia were treated with 6-((R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetmido(-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen). The daily dose was 250 mg/kg, divided in three portions. Therapy was successful in all patients. Neither signs of toxicity nor side effects of any kind could be found. Mezlocillin concentrations were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mainly on days one and six or seven of therapy. Serum concentrations were in the expected range. CSF concentrations depended on the inflammation of the meninges. On the first day of treatment they ranged from 0.5 to 7.2 to 12.0 microgram/ml. After normalisation of CSF no concentrations of mezlocillin were detectable.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[The diffusion of cefazedone into heart muscle, prostatic and skin tissue and into bile].

The diffusion of cefazedone into human heart muscle, prostatic and skin tissue as well as bile fluid was investigated. 40 to 80 min after a single injection of 100 mg/kg (n = 14) the concentration in the heart muscle was between 10.8 and 85.5 micrograms/g. The respective serum levels were between 117 and 168.1 micrograms/ml. The single i.v. injection of 2 g cefazedone resulted within 30 min in a mean concentration of 34.63 +/- 9.75 micrograms/g in the prostatic tissue and in serum levels of 139.07 +/- 39.68 micrograms/ml (n = 14). In 5 patients additional values were estimated after 60 min. At this time the antibiotic concentrations were 24.92 +/- 1.31 micrograms/g in the tissue, with simultaneous serum levels of 87.25 +/- 20.86 micrograms/ml. 1 h after a 500 mg i.v. dose, concentrations in bile taken from T-tube were between 71.4 and 210 micrograms/ml. After 2 h there was a mean level of 83.2 micrograms/ml which was significantly above the serum concentrations at the same time (1 h = 35.25 +/- 7.17; and 2 h = 20.5 micrograms/ml). The bile concentration of 2 patients taken 5 h after cefazedone injection was 4.95 and 11.6 micrograms/ml. The cefazedone concentrations in the skin were estimated mainly in biopsies from granulating leg ulcer tissues. The mean concentrations in 4 cases were 120 +/- 28.7 micrograms/g 3 h after i.v. injection of 2 g cefazedone. The simultaneous serum levels were between 14.85 and 68.2 micrograms/ml, in one patient with extreme venous stasis the tissue concentration was only 8.1 micrograms/g. Cefazedone should be regarded as an antibiotic with excellent penetration into tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Serum concentration and kinetics after i.v.-infusion of 3 g lincomycin (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetics of lincomycin (Albiotic) were studied in ten healthy male and female volunteers after administration of 1 X 3 g and 2 X 3 g lincomycin i.v., respectively, infused over 60 min. After discontinuing the infusion a mean serum value of lincomycin of 97.5 microgram/ml was measurable. 5 h later the mean serum values were 13.5 microgram/ml and 24 h later 1.6 microgram/ml. After 24 h 72.5% of the drug had been eliminated in the urine of 4 volunteers. The mean serum half-life was 286.3 min with the one-compartment model. The volume of distribution was 78.7 l with the one-compartment model and 25.9 l with the two-compartment model. The area under the curve has the value of 14 805.39 microgram . min . ml-1 and 44 418.9 microgram . min. ml-1 with the one- and two-compartment model, respectively. The mean values for the total renal clearance with the two models were 204.8 and 75.5 ml/min. The importance of high-dose therapy with lincomycin is discussed with respect to the tissue penetration of the substance and possible bactericidal effects, whereas lincomycin in general only acts bacteriostatic.

Adult↗