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Biomedical subjects

D Adam

Publications and source records attributed to D Adam.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Antibiotic therapy in bacterial infections in gynaecology].

A brief review of the special aspects concerning the use and selection of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics in bacterial infections occurring in gynaecology both specifically and generally. In case of severe bacterial infections such as sepsis it is recommended to combine two antibodies (e.g. beta-lactam antibiotics with aminoglycosides or several beta-lactam antibiotics together). Special attention is given to the particularly effective broad-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins as well as to the aminoglycoside antibiotics etc. Individual well-tried antibiotics are briefly characterised in respect of their anti-bacterial efficacy (sensitivity and resistance), their field of application, and their dosage. In particular, the possibilities of the therapy of infections by anaerobic microorganisms and fungi are pointed out. In addition, a brief description is given of antibacterial chemotherapy of pneumonias of urinary tract infections and specifically gynaecological infections (such as adnexitis, endometritis, parametritis, pelveoperitonitis) under the aspects of rational antibiotic treatment. The article includes by pointing out the possibilities of prophylactic administration of antibiotics especially in surgical procedures in the sense of a perioperative short-term prophylaxis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Short- and long-term effects of a marital enrichment program upon couple functioning.

Short- and long-term effects of a new marital enrichment program (MEP), based upon Sager's contractual model of couple functioning, were evaluated using both self-inventories (DAS, MCI) and behavioral scales (MICS). Couples were randomly assigned to either no-treatment control conditions or the 20-hour long MEP. Evaluations of marital functioning of both groups were repeatedly done during the experimentation, at pretest, midtest, posttest and follow-up 1 (two months after completion of the program). A second follow-up on the experimental couples was done a year after the end of MEP. Significant results were obtained for five of the seven criterion variables (marital adjustment and communication and certain aspects of problem-solving behavior). Positive gains shown by the experimental couples in the subjective measures were maintained for an entire year following MEP. It was concluded that the program succeeded in meeting both its short- and long-term goals, thus representing a most promising preventative strategy to modern couple living.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid administered alone and in combination.

The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, administered alone and in combination, were studied in six male and six female normal human volunteers. Each ingested 500 mg of amoxicillin or 125 mg of clavulanic acid or the above agents in combination in randomized sequences. The results indicate that most of the parameters tested for either substance are essentially independent of the presence of the other one.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime with and without probenecid].

Serum concentrations and urinary recovery of ceftizoxime were investigated in 18 healthy volunteers. The substance was given as a bolus (2 min) i.v. injection. In volunteers the injection was preceded by orally administered probenecid, 500 mg, 7 and 1 h before (Group II); the remaining 12 volunteers received medication. 5 min after the injection, the serum concentration in Group I was 107 +/- 22 micrograms/ml and in II 93 +/- 18 micrograms/ml in the mean; 30 min after the injection in I 45 +/- 8 micrograms/ml and 44 +/- 10 micrograms/ml in II. The further of the serum concentration was slower in II than in I: serum concentration 6 h after the injection was 2.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml in I and 4.4 +/- 2 micrograms/ml in II. During the first 8-h period 81% of the administered cephalosporin was recovered in the urine of I and 58% in the urine of II. t/2 beta was calculated for I with 1.76 h and 2.13 h for II. The distribution volume was equal, so that the differences in serum concentrations could be explained by the reduced renal clearance: from 2.1 to 1.4 ml/s. Because the comparison was done with two independent groups and furthermore only 6 volunteers participated in the probenecid group, only the difference in the urine in the first 2 h was statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Antibiotic prophylaxis with cephalosporins in heart surgery].

60 minutes after i.v. injection tissue levels of 7 different cephalosporins were obtained using biological assay. The following concentrations were measured: cephalothn 1.4 micrograms/g; cepharin 4.7 micrograms/g; cephacetrile 11.2 micrograms/g; cephradine 15.4 micrograms/g; cefazedone 26.9 micrograms/g; cefamandole 40.3 micrograms/g, and finally cefoxitin 43 micrograms/g. The high tissue levels of cefamandole and cefoxitin are especially remarkable as i.v. doses of both antibiotics had been 50 mg/kg body weight ( doses of all other cephalosporins 100 mg/kg body weight). Except cephalothin, all cephalosporins tested were suitable for antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1981

Myocardial relaxation. V. Postextrasystolic contraction-relaxation in the intact dog heart.

Postextrasystolic (PES) relaxation of the left ventricle was studied in 24 anesthetized dogs using the time constant (tau) of the left ventricular isovolumic pressure decline as an index of global relaxation velocity. Using programmed atrial stimulation and a control RR interval of 500 msec, the "coupling interval/compensatory pause" was varied from 400/600 msec to 250/750 msec, and left ventricular pressure-segment length data from control beats were compared with data from PES beats. Contractile state and fractional shortening increased in the PES beat, but the relaxation time constant remained unchanged (control, 35 +/- 3 msec; PES at 250/750 msec, 36 +/- 3 msec) (p = NS). Pretreatment with propranolol did not qualitatively influence these results. Isoproterenol and calcium were given in doses sufficient to increase the time derivative of isovolumic pressure (maximal positive dP/dt) by an amount equal to that obtained with PES potentiation (approximately 50%); isoproterenol produced a substantial decrease in the relaxation time constant (38 +/- 4 to 30 +/- 6 msec, p less than 0.01), whereas calcium administration produced only a small decrease in the time constant (30 +/- 5 to 27 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.05). Thus, in the intact dog heart, some positive inotropic interventions augment contraction and speed relaxation, but PES potentiation of contraction is not associated with a change in relaxation velocity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Concentration of cefoperazone in various tissues of the urogenital system (author's transl)].

Within the framework of perioperative short-term prophylaxis against infections, serum and tissue concentrations were investigated after a single i.v. bolus injection of 2.0 g cefoperazone (Cefobis), a semisynthetic cephalosporin parenterally applicable, in 30 patients with a prostatic adenoma. The mean serum concentrations ranged from 82.0 micrograms/ml at 30 min to 41.9 micrograms/ml at 150 min following the injection decreasing continuously. The corresponding mean concentrations in the tissue of prostatic adenoma were 17.8 micrograms/g and 13.9 micrograms/g, the maximum concentrations were found 90 min after the injection with 21.6 micrograms/g. Most differing concentrations were found in 14 kidneys 90 min after injection. The individual values varied between 5.5 micrograms/g and 70.2 micrograms/g. These ranges of variation must be attributed to the differing clinical and histological diagnoses of the collected organs with highly differing degrees of function. Effective levels of 7.0 micrograms/g to 28.9 micrograms/g were found at different times in 13 testes of 14 patients undergoing plastic orchidectomy because of a carcinoma of the prostata. Average concentrations of 10.3 micrograms/g to 13.2 micrograms/g in the ureter, adipose tissue and muscle were within the therapeutically effective range. The high cefoperazone concentrations found in serum and different tissues lead us to expect successful therapy when cefoperazone is used to treat bacterial infections with sensitive pathogens in the urogenital tract.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic concentrations in blood and tissue. Intraoperative ischemia as a model for the determination of tissue concentrations using mezlocillin and oxacillin as examples.

Blood present in the tissue distorts the results obtained during measurement of antibiotic tissue levels. The greater the blood supply to the tissue, the bigger the error when tissue levels are measured. The examination of tissue removed during temporary intraoperative ischemia is an alternative to the indirect mathematical method of correcting errors of blood level measurement. This technique was tested by determining tissue concentrations after i.v. injection of 4 g mezlocillin and 2 g oxacillin. The tissue was removed during operations on limbs after the application of an Esmarch's bandage. Determination of hemoglobin in ischemic tissue confirmed exsanguination so that the 6-((R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido )-penicillanic acid-Na (mezlocillin) and 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin (oxacillin) concentrations determined corresponded to the actual tissue levels. The concentrations of mezlocillin and oxacillin in fat, skin, tendon, muscle, ganglion, aponeurosis, tumour, ligament, subcutis, synovial fluid, epineurium and serum are given in the text.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[On the combination of clindamycin with beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides (author's transl)].

With the checkerboard-technique, it was found in vitro, that methyl-[7-chloro-6,7,8-tridesoxy-6-trans-(1-methyl-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidincarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-alpha-D-galacto-octopyranoside] (clindamycin) in combination with cefoxitin, cefotaxim, mezlocillin, azlocillin, gentamicin and amikacin has no antagonistic effects against common infective microorganisms such as staphylococci, enterococci and E. coli. In most cases the combination was found to be synergistic. If the results of the in vitro experiments are calculated with the FIC-indices (fractional inhibitory concentration), only the combination of clindamycin with cefoxitin and clindamycin with cefotaxime showed no synergistic efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. Only 20% of the enterococci strains were inhibited synergistically with the combination clindamycin and gentamicin or with amikacin, respectively. All the other strains tested were inhibited synergistically by the combinations of clindamycin with the antibiotics mentioned above. In clinical use clindamycin can be administered in combination with cefoxitin, cefotaxime, mezlocillin, gentamicin and amikacin, respectively, without any loss in its activity against the microorganisms tested in this study.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1980

[Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxim in geriatric patients (author's transl)].

The behavior of plasma concentrations after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 2 g cefotaxim (Claforan) was determined in an intra-individual cross-over comparison in 10 geriatric patients. The half-lives measured of about 2 hours were approximately twice as long as in healthy subjects. Thus an effective level is maintained over the same period with half the recommended dose of antibiotic compared with younger patients, which could be clinically relevant.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity.

A 12-year-old boy with aplastic anemia developed severe but reversible cardiac failure after treatment with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4 x 50 mg/kg on four consecutive days) given as preparation for bone marrow grafting. This and previously reported cases demonstrate the possibility of cardiotoxicity after high doses of the drug.

Anemia, Aplastic↗