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Biomedical subjects

D Adam

Publications and source records attributed to D Adam.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Interference of the tissue concentration of antibiotics with a salidiuretic. Behaviour of cephradine and cephalothin in brain tissue after additional administration of furosemide (author's transl)].

Serum and brain tissue concentrations were determined after i.v. administration of 4 g cephradine to 11 patients of whom 6 were additionally receiving 40 mg furosemide t.i.d. peroral. Five further patients were given 4 g cephalothin i.v. All patients were undergoing a brain operation at the time of antibiotic administration. Between 60 and 100 min after dosage, cephradine decreased in the serum from 104.9 mcg/ml to 56.7 mcg/ml and in the brain tissue from 13.02 mcg/g to 8.37 mcg/g in the mean. Cephradine concentrations in serum were higher and in brain tissue lower when furosemide was given as well. These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Serum concentrations of cephalothin over the same period and in the absence of furosemide were very low with 32.2 mcg/ml at 60 to 70 min, and extremely low in the brain tissue (0.55 mcg/g in the mean) so that a trial with furosemide was not performed. Neither antibiotic was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid. The differences in serum and brain tissue concentrations of cephradine in the presence and absence of furosemide demonstrate that special care must be taken when administering more than one drug.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1978

[The position of antibiotic prevention in surgery].

The Importance of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Surgery: The current state of the discussion of the benefits and dangers of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is critically considered with reference to the literature and our own investigations. Situations where prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be absolutely locigal and where such administration may be without benefit to the patient or even dangerous are commented on. "Shortterm prophylaxis" where antibiotics are given before, during and after the operation for a short period of 24 to 48 hours is particularly discussed. If antibiotics are given they must be effective against the pathogen in question and they must be present in sufficiently high concentrations at the possible sites of infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Cephradine in open heart serugery. Concentrations of cephradine in pericardial exudate and serum after cardiac surgery (author's transl)].

The diffusion of cephradine into the pericardial exudate was measured in 19 patients undergoing heart surgery. Every patient received 2 grams of cephradine (=30 mg/kg) during a 20 minute infusion period, before, during, and after the operation, and than at intervals of 6 hours, together 8 grams per day. The highest mean serum level, 10 minutes after the end of the first injection was 150 microgram/ml and after repeated dosages 102.5 microgram/ml, and at the end of the infusion interval 3.2 microgram/ml in the mean. At the time of opening the pericardium the concentration of the substance in the pericardial exudate, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after finishing the first injection, varied from 4.1 to 38.6 microgram/ml in the average. The postoperative maximum levels were higher than 50 microgram/ml and 6 hours after the respective administrations the levels varied between 12.83 and 15.77 microgram/ml in each case. These high concentrations of cephradine in the pericardial exudate could not be attributed to seepage of blood into the pericardium.-At specific "check points" bacteriological materials were taken. Out of 1168 specimens only 6.7% were bacteriological positive. Drains in wounds, the pleura or the pericardium were sterile in most cases. Intravenous catheters were contaminated only in 1%. However the contamination rate rises with period of storage. The results show that cephradine exhibits good diffusion into the exudate of pericardium. With the chosen dosage the concentrations of the antibiotic in the pericardial exudate are higher than the MIC values of most pathogen bacteria.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on the diffusion of cephapirin into prostatic tissue].

After i.v.-application of 2 grams of Cephaprin (= Bristocef) to 13 patients with prostatic adenoma the mean serum concentrations after 30 minutes were 50 microgram/ml and 21.5 microngram/ml after 60 minutes. The corresponding tissue values were 20.8 and microgram/g respectively in prostatic tissue. The evaluated serumand tissue cncentrations are suited to the therapy of infections with cephapirin sensitive rods.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Bacteriological investigation of drains and catheters in pediatric surgery (author's transl)].

About 30% of 209 drains (wound drains, venous catheters, ureteral splints) from 92 pediatric surgical patients were contaminated with pathogens. 70% were sterile. E. coli and staphylococci were most frequently found. Wound drains after abdominal operations had the highest contamination rate at 70%, followed by ureteral splints with 50% and venous catheters with about 10%. Differences in the contamination rate in relation to the period of drainage could not be established. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. Giving antibiotics when pathogens have been detected in a wound drain is only recommended if this organism has also been found in other material from the patient. 2. If organisms are found in a venous catheter, a blood culture should always be carried out. 3. Antibiotic prophylaxis or topical treatment of the skin are not recommended. 4. Timely removal or changing of the catheter is the best prophylaxis against infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Serum concentrations and kinetics after intravenous infusion of four grams of cefazolin (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetics of cefazolin were studied in 25 males and females after administration of 4 g infused over 60 minutes. The mean microbiologically active concentration of cefazolin in serum five minutes after discontinuing the infusion was 410 microgram/ml, after 60 minutes 190 microgram/ml and after 8 hours 8.5 microgram/ml. After 8 hours 84% of the drug was eliminated in the urine of four of the volunteers. The mean serum half-life was 87.38 minutes in the one compartment model, and the volume of distribution 9.20 1. The area under the curve was 44626.15 microgram.min.ml-1. The mean value for the clearance was 73.5 ml/min. The importance of high dosages of cefazolin in severe infections caused by cefazolin-sensitive organisms is discussed. Side-effects were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The importance of serum components, particularly complement factors, properdin and transferrin, in inhibition of bacterial growth by human serum (author's transl)].

In this study human serum was broken down of column chromatography into its protein components, which were than examined singly and in comnination for antibacterial activity. The bactericidal effect of serum was retained to an apperciable extent in only one of six fractions. Antibacterial inhibitory activity could be restored fully by combining the fractions however. There was no correlation with the specific antibody titers. Complement had an essential part in this unspecific defence. In the absence of C'9 all other combinations of the remanining complement components exhibited no appreciable inhibitory effect. Not all complement componets are required, however, for unspcific bacterial growth inhibition. In contrast to this all complement components are necessary in the antigen-antibody reaction. Futhermore, properdin displays bactericidal activity which is related to the presence of complements. A great deal of the antibacterial activity of human serum thus arises only from the combined action of several components. These do not include proteins with a molecular weight between 100,000 and 70,000, whereby transferrin plays a part.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1975

[Phagocytosis of cell wall defective bacteria by human macrophages (author's transl)].

Statistically significant better phagocytosis of spheroplasts was found by comparing the rate of phagocytosis of normal and Penicillin-G induced cell wall defective bacterial (spheroplasts) by human macrophages in isotonic media using a Proteus mirabilis strain as test organism. This provides additional information concerning the minor role of cell wall defective bacteria as persisters in chronic infections.

Bacterial Infections↗