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Biomedical subjects

C Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C Wilson.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Use of physician-hired nurses. A survey.

The results of a survey conducted on the practice of using physician-hired nurses in hospitals are reported. Nursing administrators need information on the nursing services that are being provided in direct association with the medical practice of physicians, particularly when those services influence the quality and cost-effectiveness of patient care. The information can be used to plan more effective approaches to the delivery of nursing health care services.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1985

Acute chest pain in the emergency room. Identification and examination of low-risk patients.

Clinical and laboratory data from 596 patients who came to an emergency room complaining of chest pain indicated that no single variable could identify low-risk patients as well as a normal ECG. A combination of three variables--sharp or stabbing pain, no history of angina or myocardial infarction, and pain with pleuritic or positional components or pain that was reproduced by palpation of the chest wall--defined a very-low-risk group in which ECGs did not add accuracy to the evaluation and were potentially misleading; however, only 48 patients (8%) fell into this category. Standard cardiac enzyme levels were of almost no use as an emergency room indicator of myocardial infarction. These findings emphasize the difficulty of identifying patients at low risk for myocardial infarction or unstable angina in the emergency room without consideration of many factors from the history, the physical examination, and the ECG.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Studies on uptake and catabolism of vascular histamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Reduced vascular histamine content is postulated to contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance in experimental hypertension in rats. Experiments were conducted to examine histamine content, in vitro uptake ability and in vitro catabolism of histamine in blood vessels from 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive controls. Histamine content of mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta from SHR was significantly reduced (P less than .05) when compared to Wistar-Kyoto normotensive controls. This finding confirms a similar observation of reduced vascular histamine content in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats reported from our laboratory. This reduction in histamine content may be more prevalent in arteries because the decrease was not observed in the portal vein from SHR. Uptake of [14C]histamine into mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta was unchanged in SHR compared to Wistar-Kyoto controls. No significant differences between slopes for uptake regression lines were observed for either mesenteric artery or abdominal aorta. Mesenteric artery exhibited a greater capacity of [14C]histamine accumulation than aorta and significant reductions in accumulation of labeled histamine after 20 and 60 min were found in this vessel from SHR. Because metabolism of histamine was inhibited by aminoguanidine, this reduction may reflect diminished retention by histamine storage sites. In vitro I-[14C]histidine uptake was significantly increased in abdominal aorta and iliac artery but not mesenteric artery from SHR. These differences were also present at the later accumulation periods of 20 and 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Defibrillators in general practice.

After a successful pilot scheme introduced in 1975, when six portable defibrillators were provided for health centres, an additional 50 defibrillators were provided in February 1982 for general practitioners to use. Between December 1975 and February 1984 defibrillation was attempted in 54 patients who collapsed with clinical cardiac arrest in the presence of general practitioners or less than five minutes before their arrival. A cardiac output was achieved in 32 patients, 28 survived to reach hospital via a mobile coronary care unit, and 22 were discharged alive. Of the 28 admitted to hospital, 24 were found to have myocardial infarction. If all general practitioners carried defibrillators they might make an important dent in the early mortality from myocardial infarction in addition to that achieved by a mobile coronary care unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Carbonic anhydrase II isoenzyme in rat liver is under hormonal control.

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was developed. Rat livers were perfused with Ringer's solution and the hepatic CAII was measured. Concentrations of CAII in female liver were significantly higher than those in male liver. Castration increased the concentration in male liver, though not to that in females, and diethylstilboestrol treatment of castrated males gave values higher than those in females.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The rat lipolytic beta-adrenoceptor: studies using novel beta-adrenoceptor agonists.

EC50 and relative intrinsic activity values were obtained for isoprenaline, fenoterol, salbutamol, prenalterol and three new beta-adrenoceptor agonists, BRL 28410, BRL 35113 and BRL 35135 on rat white adipocyte lipolysis, rat atrial rate and tension, rat uterus tension and guinea-pig tracheal tension. Fenoterol and salbutamol were selective for tracheal and uterine responses, prenalterol was selective for atrial responses, but BRL 28410, BRL 35113 and BRL 35135 were selective for the adipocyte lipolytic response. pA2 values for propranolol, practolol, ICI 118,551 and sotalol were obtained on adipocytes, atria and trachea. pA2 values for propranolol and sotalol were much lower on adipocytes than on atria or trachea. The pA2 value for practolol was lower on adipocytes than on atria and the pA2 value for ICI 118,551 was lower on adipocytes than on trachea. Both agonist and antagonist studies therefore suggest that the rat adipocyte lipolytic receptor does not fit into the current beta 1/beta 2-adrenoceptor classification.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Radioimmunoassay of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues.

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the rat carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme was developed. High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III were detected in soleus muscle and male liver. Female liver and other skeletal muscles contained significantly lower concentrations, and only trace amounts were found in heart, prostate, kidney, brain, plasma, urine and, possibly, erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Histamine uptake and metabolism in the blood vessels of rats.

In vitro radiolabeled histamine uptake and metabolism were investigated in abdominal aorta, iliac artery, mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein of the rat. Histamine uptake was rapid and remained linear over the initial 10 min of the accumulation period. The uptake rate was temperature sensitive with marked reduction in rate at 0 degrees C. The accumulation at 0 degrees C represents nonspecific uptake. The uptake of histamine was observed to be related to the amount of tissue stores of histamine as well as extracellular sodium ion concentration. The only histamine metabolite detected in the vasculature examined was imidazoleacetic acid representing almost 80% of the chromatogram radioactivity. This observation indicates the primary metabolic pathway for histamine in rat vasculature involves the enzyme, diamine oxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The relationships of calculated percent body fat, sports participation, age, and place of residence on menstrual patterns in healthy adolescent girls at an independent New England high school.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine normal menstrual patterns in healthy girls in an independent high school and assess the effects of exercise (type and hours per day), age (chronologic and gynecologic), calculated estimate of body fat, and place of residence (boarding and day students) on menstrual function. Three hundred twenty-seven girls (means age 15.5 +/- 1.1 years) answered a questionnaire on menstrual history; 306 (93.6%) were postmenarchal and 21 (6.4%) premenarchal. Calculated estimate of percent body fat was significantly lower in premenarchal than postmenarchal girls (22.4% versus 27.3% p less than 0.0001). Ninety-three percent of adolescents reported flow lasting 4-7 days; 59.7% dysmenorrhea; and 63% premenstrual symptoms. There was no correlation between estimated body fat or hours per day of exercise and the regularity of menses, duration of flow, or dysmenorrhea. With the exception of gymnastics and dancing, sports participation had little or no impact on menstrual patterns. Follow up questionnaires and menstrual calendars were obtained from 87 girls eight to fifteen months after the initial questionnaires. All girls whose cycles had changed from regular to irregular were boarding students, confirming previous anecdotal reports that separation from home may be a significant stress for adolescents.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Perturbation of Chara Plasmalemma Transport Function by 2[4(2',4'-Dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionic Acid.

Electrophysiological measurements on internodal cells of Chara corallina Klein ex Willd., em. R.D.W. revealed that in the presence of (2-[4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionic acid) (diclofop) the membrane potential was very sensitive to the pH of the bathing medium. At pH 5.7, 100 micromolar diclofop caused a slow reduction in the electrogenic component of the membrane potential to the value of -123 +/- 5 millivolts. Membrane resistance initially decreased, recovered transiently, then stabilized at approximately 65% of the control value. At pH 7.0, the potential appeared to plateau around -200 millivolts before rapidly declining to -140 +/- 4 millivolts; removal of diclofop resulted in recovery of the electrogenic component. Diclofop reduced cytoplasmic ATP levels by 96.4% and 36.6% at pH 5.7 and 7.0, respectively. At pH 8.2, diclofop did not change the ATP concentration significantly, but induced a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential to near -250 millivolts, and also reduced or inhibited the dark-induced hyperpolarization; the light-induced depolarization was reduced to a lesser extent. DCMU applied in the light elicited the same response at the plasmalemma as placing cells in the dark. When K(+) channels were opened and cells depolarized with 10 millimolar K(+), diclofop induced a further depolarization of approximately 30 millivolts. Cells decoupled with HPO(4) (-2) were still sensitive to diclofop. Currents associated with OH(-) efflux and HCO(3) (-) influx, as measured with a vibrating probe technique, became spatially destabilized and reduced in magnitude in the presence of diclofop. After 60 minutes, most of the cell surface was engaged in a low level of OH(-) efflux activity. The results indicate that diclofop may be a proton ionophore at pH 7.0 and 5.7. At pH 8.2, diclofop may inhibit the operation of the H(+)-ATPase and OH(-) efflux systems associated with HCO(3) (-) transport by perturbing the control processes that integrate the two, without a reduction in ATP concentration.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Clinical significance of human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

A group of 25 controls and 30 women with lesions of the cervix associated with papillomavirus were studied prospectively by colposcopy and cytology for up to two years to investigate the relation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix and resolution or progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We found that the viral changes were transient and that active infection, as judged by repeated colposcopic and cytological examination, resolved in 83% of the patients. Resolution or persistence of the viral infection did not appear to affect the development of the CIN lesion. The proportion of CIN lesions that resolved and persisted were the same for the study group and the controls. Possible reactivation of latent papillomavirus was noted in three control group patients. Our findings indicate that changes in the cervix associated with papillomavirus should not influence the clinical management or follow up of patients with CIN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Schwannomas of the jugular foramen.

Schwannoma is an important entity in the differential diagnosis of the enlarged jugular foramen. Our recent experience with 4 consecutive large schwannomas over a 12-month period is presented. As these tumors are usually less vascular than glomus jugulare tumors, they are frequently more amenable to surgical extirpation. Radiologic clues to their identity include discrete borders and less angiographic vascularity when compared with glomus jugulare tumors. Our operative treatment of these cases has evolved to include preoperative embolization with Ivalon sponge particles, followed by a lateral temporal bone resection in exposing the jugular foramen. A posterior fossa craniotomy is done as a second stage when necessary. This staging allows for less morbidity and greater chance for total tumor removal. The surgical technique and relevant anatomy are reviewed and illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of obesity with thermogenic beta-adrenoceptor agonists: studies on BRL 26830A in rodents.

Studies on BRL 26830A in rodents have shown that thermogenic beta-adrenoceptor agonists have potential for the therapy of obesity. BRL 26830A reduced body weight gain in ob/ob mice and fa/fa rats by reducing lipid accumulation. It had no effect on lean body mass. BRL 26830A did not reduce food intake, its anti-obesity effect being due to stimulation of energy expenditure. This thermic effect was enhanced in the obese animals by repeat dosing. BRL 26830A did not affect body weight gain in the lean counterparts of the obese animals because its thermic effect in lean animals was reduced by repeat dosing. Brown adipose tissue is an important site of BRL 26830A-induced thermogenesis. A single dose of BRL 26830A raised brown adipose tissue temperature, depleted brown adipose tissue lipid and unmasked GDP-binding sites in brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Repeat dosing caused hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue and improved cold tolerance in mice. In-vitro studies showed that the rat brown adipocyte beta-adrenoceptor does not fall into the beta 1/beta 2 classification and BRL 28410, which mediates the biological effects of BRL 26830A in vivo, selectively stimulated the brown adipocyte receptor. It is concluded that BRL 26830A achieves its anti-obesity effect by mimicking natural mechanisms involved in thermogenesis and the control of body weight.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗