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Biomedical subjects

C Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C Wilson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mental retardation, inspection time, and central attentional impairment.

Performance of mentally retarded and nonretarded adults on simple visual discrimination tasks was compared. Experiment 1 involved a lines-discrimination task used in previous research to measure inspection time. A dichoptic stimulus presentation procedure was employed, with target and masking stimuli presented to different eyes so that only central masking could occur. Experiment 2 involved a discrimination between two lights in different positions, demonstrating that masking was characterized by constant stimulus-onset-asynchrony, because the relationship between target duration and the interval between target offset and mask onset was additive. Results from both experiments confirmed that for both retarded and nonretarded subjects, the backward masking procedures used interfered with visual processing at a central level. In Experiment 3 markedly deviant smooth pursuit eye movements in a pendulum tracking task occurred among retarded subjects but not among nonretarded subjects. This deviancy was additional to other indications of poor attention. In the retarded group the correlation between estimates of inspection time and deviant eye tracking was .64, but other instances of inattentiveness were not related to either of these two measures. This finding was interpreted in terms of an involuntary dysfunction within some central attentional system that involves at least three qualitatively different levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in King County, Washington. Increasing incidence and epidemiologic correlates.

The incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in King County, Washington, has increased progressively from a rate of 2.6 per 100,000 live births to King County residents during the years 1966 through 1969 to 4.8, 7.4, and 11.9 cases per 100,000 live births for the years 1970 through 1973, 1974 through 1977, and 1978 through 1981, respectively. Detailed interviews of the parents of newborns with neonatal HSV-2 infection revealed clinically symptomatic genital herpes in the mother or father in 65% of the parents and serological and/or cultural evidence of HSV-2 infection in the mother in the other 35% of cases. Clinically symptomatic first episodes of genital herpes during pregnancy occurred in four of the mothers who were delivered of newborns with neonatal HSV-2 infection; two of the mothers were symptomatic at the time of birth. The other 16 interviewed mothers who delivered newborns with neonatal HSV-2 infection all had serological and/or cultural evidence of past HSV-2 infection but were asymptomatic at term. All six newborns with neonatal HSV-1 infection acquired the disease from nongenital sources, and two newborns seemed to have acquired the disease from nonmaternal sources. These data indicate that detailed interviews of the parents are often useful in increasing the clinician's index of suspicion for neonatal HSV infection. The increased prevalence of genital HSV infection in the United States seems to be associated with a concomitant increase in neonatal HSV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of human thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Human pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on Aquapore RP-300, a 300-A pore-size short-alkyl-chain silica packing, in sodium chloride-containing buffers. At poH 2.0, two clearly resolved peaks were observed corresponding in retention time to alpha and beta subunit of TSH. With increasing pH, the resolution between these peaks was lost. At pH 7.0 a single major peak was observed, co-eluting with immunoreactive TSH, which could be resolved from beta-subunit. In vivo TSH bioactivity was recovered at pH 7.0 in 58% yield. High-performance liquid chromatography of a sample of hypothyroid serum yielded a major peak of TSH immunoreactivity corresponding in retention time to that observed for purified TSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A computer-derived protocol to aid in the diagnosis of emergency room patients with acute chest pain.

To determine whether data available to physicians in the emergency room can accurately identify which patients with acute chest pain are having myocardial infarctions, we analyzed 482 patients at one hospital. Using recursive partitioning analysis, we constructed a decision protocol in the format of a simple flow chart to identify infarction on the basis of nine clinical factors. In prospective testing on 468 other patients at a second hospital, the protocol performed as well as the physicians. Moreover, an integration of the protocol with the physicians' judgments resulted in a classification system that preserved sensitivity for detecting infarctions, significantly improved the specificity (from 67 per cent to 77 per cent, P less than 0.01) and positive predictive value (from 34 per cent to 42 per cent, P = 0.016) of admission to an intensive-care area. The protocol identified a subgroup of 107 patients among whom only 5 per cent had infarctions and for whom admission to non-intensive-care areas might be appropriate. This decision protocol warrants further wide-scale prospective testing but is not ready for routine clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surface immunoglobulins on hairy cells of 55 patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Surface immunoglobulins (SIg) were determined on peripheral blood samples from 55 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and on hairy cells from spleen preparations of 14 of these 55 patients. The patterns of SIg for HCL was compared to the patterns on peripheral blood leukemic cells from 39 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 15 patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic (PDL) lymphoma. Of the 55 HCL patients, 42 could be scored for individual heavy and light chains; 16 had only IgG, 14 had two or three heavy chains, 7 had only IgD, and 5 cases had no SIg and were E-rosette negative. This pattern was different from the B-cell pattern in CLL and PDL where there were few cases of IgG alone (5%) and many cases of IgM alone (50%). Surface marker profile did not correlate with survival in any of the sub-groups tested. HCL appears to be a B-cell lymphoproliferative disease in greater than 90% of cases; many combinations of heavy chains with only a single light chain can be demonstrated.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1982

Cardiovascular responses to lateral semicircular canal stimulation in man.

The cardiovascular effects of aural irrigation with water at 37 degrees C (control subjects, n = 6) or 44 degrees C (experimental subjects n = 11) were assessed from measurements of heart rate, brachial arterial blood pressure and forearm blood flow. The occurrence and intensity of vestibular stimulation was assessed from the electronystagmogram. The procedure had no significant effect on cardiovascular variables in control subjects or in subjects who were exposed to vestibular stimulation but who were not nauseated by it (n = 6). Those subjects who felt nauseous (n = 5) showed a tachycardia and forearm vasodilatation. These results provide no evidence that vestibular stimulation contributes to orthostatic reflexes in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

UV-Stimulated K Efflux from Rose Cells: Counterion and Inhibitor Studies.

Irradiation of a washed suspension of cultured rose (Rosa damascena var. Gloire de Guilan) cells with about 1,680 joules per square meter of short wave ultraviolet (UV) light (254 nanometers) caused K(+) to appear in the external medium. Short-term tracer ((86)Rb(+)) experiments confirmed the earlier suggestion (Wright, Murphy 1978 Plant Physiol 61: 434-436) that UV increases the efflux of K(+); there was also a small decrease in influx of K(+). There was a partial recovery of fluxes from the effects of UV radiation, but no net accumulation of K(+) within 16 to 18 hours after the irradiation. The K(+) appearing in the medium was matched by an equivalent amount of HCO(3) (-); it was suggested that HCO(3) (-) was the principal counterion for the K(+) flux induced by UV. Inhibitors of ATP synthesis (10(-5) molar carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; 0.05 millimolar KCN plus 0.75 millimolar salicylhydroxamic acid) strongly reduced the UV-stimulated K(+) leakage, suggesting that the leakage was dependent in some way on ATP concentration inside the cells. The UV-induced K(+) leakage was also dependent on temperature and the presence of Ca(2+) in the external medium.

Journal Article↗