Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to C Wilson.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Insulin binding and insulin action in cultured fibroblasts: significant differences between a phosphoglucose isomerase-deficient mutant and the parental strain.

The interrelationships of hexose feeding and insulin action were studied in the Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines 023 and DS-7. The latter, derived from 023 and deficient in phosphoglucose isomerase, has been used to map the metabolic requirements for aldohexose-mediated down-regulation or "curbing" of hexose transport. We have characterized insulin binding and the response to insulin in both cell lines to determine if the insulin-mediated stimulation of transport is similarly dependent on hexose metabolism. DS-7 cells exhibited 5-6 times as many high-affinity insulin binding sites as the parental strain. Apart from this difference, 023 and DS-7 cells showed comparable insulin binding characteristics, which are similar to those observed in other cell types. Insulin at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml (167 nM) was found to stimulate 3-O-methylglucose uptake by approximately equal to 50% in glucose-fed cells of both lines. In neither line did glucose starving significantly alter insulin binding or the insulin-induced stimulation of transport. Feeding with mannose or fructose was found to increase both parameters in 023 cells but had no effect on DS-7 cells. The increase in hexose uptake with the administration of insulin or with glucose starving was shown to be due to an increase in Vmax. Our studies suggest that insulin binding and effect are not regulated by hexose metabolism in the same manner as in the curbing process and insulin induces the recruitment of a transporter pool that is insensitive to hexose curbing.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1986

Horseshoe kidney in children.

Twenty children with horseshoe kidney have been reviewed. Fifteen were symptomatic and nine required surgery. Associated renal and other abnormalities were common. The surgery of horseshoe kidney is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Occult pancreatic cancer with recurrent acute pancreatitis.

A patient with occult pancreatic carcinoma associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis is reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after the first attack was normal, the diagnosis being made at repeat examination 10 months later.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Corneal topography: a clinical model.

A keratometric photokeratoscopic study of 220 eyes representative of a normal population leads to the ellipsoid corneal model proposed. This model is applicable to the design of rigid corneal lenses and to the calculation of computer models of the dioptric system of the eye. The results obtained show that there is a systematic difference between central keratometric and photokeratoscopic measurements that is statistically but not clinically significant, a significant number of corneas steepen at the periphery, the corneal shape varies greatly with a normal population and peripheral and central astigmatisms are usually similar.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1986

Hypermagnesemia and progression of renal failure associated with renacidin therapy.

Renacidin is a urinary stone dissolving agent composed primarily of gluconic and citric acids and their magnesium salts, buffered to a pH of 4. We describe its use in a child with oxalosis, disabling renal colic and deteriorating renal function in whom its use was associated with hypermagnesemia and rapid progression of the renal failure. Possible mechanisms for the deterioration in renal function are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Antibodies to proteus in rheumatoid arthritis.

Antibodies to proteus species were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in healthy controls by a Coombs agglutination method. The titres to Proteus mirabilis were higher in 30 RA patients being treated with gold than in 24 patients with active AS (p less than 0.001), 28 patients with inactive AS (p less than 0.001), and 41 healthy control subjects (p less than 0.001). Control studies with Klebsiella pneumoniae var oxytoca showed high antibody titres only in active AS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mobile coronary care and community mortality from myocardial infarction.

Over a 15-month period all episodes of suspected myocardial infarction were documented in two similar communities in Northern Ireland. The hospital coronary-care facilities were similar but only one area had a mobile coronary-care service. The incidence of myocardial infarction was similar in the two areas but the community mortality at 28 days was lower in all age-groups in the area served by the mobile unit. The difference in mortality was more pronounced in younger age-groups. Among those aged less than 65 the mortality rates in the two areas were 55% and 34%. The treatment in the two areas differed only in that it was provided about 2 h earlier where mobile care was available. The results suggest that the impact of early pre-hospital coronary-care on community mortality has been seriously underestimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modulation of Ia and photoreactive antigen on antigen-presenting cells: fun with a photoprobe.

To identify the antigen-specific recognition complex containing elements from T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), a photoactivatable antigen system was developed which could potentially crosslink the complex during the specific cellular responses. In this paper we describe the development of this system using murine T-cell hybridomas responding to stimulator cells chemically conjugated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate (HSAB) and genetically restricted by I-Ad. In initial experiments it was found that several I-Ad-positive B-cell lines were nonstimulatory when coupled with HSAB, but that I-Ad-positive P388D1 macrophage-like cells were efficient stimulators of HSAB-specific T-cell responses. These results suggested that the relevant HSAB coupled surface structure was not likely I-Ad. To substantiate this point, Ia-positive or Ia-negative P388D1 cells were initially coupled with HSAB and the expression of Ia was modulated by the addition and withdrawal of Con A-stimulated spleen cell supernatant fluid through several days of culture. Under these conditions, efficient stimulation was only observed when Ia was expressed, although the HSAB antigen was continuously present. In other experiments it was found that exposure of HSAB-coupled APC to light selectively eliminated their stimulatory capacity for HSAB-specific T hybridomas, suggesting that the light-induced crosslinking by HSAB directly eliminates the antigenic determinant. This antigen system allows a unique opportunity to manipulate the antigen during specific cellular interactions, and to introduce covalent crosslinking of the specific antigen recognition complex that may allow its isolation and characterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A cross-sequential analysis of developmental differences in speed of visual information processing.

Development of processing speed was examined in three backward masking studies. The first verified the central nature of backward masking for children aged 8 and 11 years and for adults. The second suggested that task requirements were equivalent for children similar to those in Study 1, and that age differences in performance were not attributable to nonprocessing variables. The main cross-sequential study estimated speed of processing in 80 children (approximately 6 years to 13 years) and young adults using an inspection time task. Target exposure duration was varied to establish the time required to achieve a high level of discriminative accuracy. Estimates of processing speed increased until about 11-13 years of age; beyond this, the trend was less obvious, and it is possible that inspection time asymptotes at around the onset of adolescence. Performance improvement after 1 year could not be explained as resulting from practice since improvement among controls over a period of 2 weeks was significantly less. Correlations between estimates of inspection time made up to 2 years apart found the measure to be reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Increased blastogenic responses to worm antigen and loss of adherent suppressor cell activity after treatment for human infection with Schistosoma mansoni.

Fifteen Egyptian subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were evaluated parasitologically, clinically, and immunologically; treated with praziquantel; and reevaluated nine months later. Fecal egg counts were 97% lower after therapy; seven subjects no longer excreted eggs, as determined by Kato thick smears. Optimal [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by soluble adult worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) increased significantly, from 4,041 +/- 434 (mean change in cpm +/- SE) before treatment to 11,232 +/- 3,414 after treatment (P less than .0005). The relation between dose of antigen and response also shifted; the SWAP concentration producing optimal responses was 30.0 micrograms/ml before and 1.0 microgram/ml after therapy. Before treatment, depletion of adherent cells from PBMCs in six subjects resulted in enhancement of responses to SWAP from 5,575 +/- 1,210 to 14,719 +/- 8,190 (P less than .025). However, in these same individuals after treatment, PBMC and nonadherent lymphocyte responses were similar (22,917 +/- 6,505 and 21,239 +/- 6,122). These studies indicate loss of activity of adherent suppressor cells after treatment of chronic infection with S. mansoni. Waning of cellular regulatory mechanisms as the parasite load decreases may contribute to restoration of blastogenic responses.

Adolescent↗