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Biomedical subjects

C Richard

Publications and source records attributed to C Richard.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Phenotype characteristics of 100 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia. Proposition of a biovars classification (author's transl)].

The authors compared the phenotype characteristics of 100 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia mostly of hospital origin to those of the typical mother strain (ATCC 25416). The morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics (oxidase characteristics, ONPG, LDC, gelatinase and esculine were generally positive), nutritional characteristics (use of numerous organic compounds) and the antibiotypes (usually resistant to betalactamines, aminosides, polymyxins, tetracycline and furans) are reported, together with the differential diagnostic problems between P. cepacia and P. maltophilia (TTR+ methionine requirement). P. pseudomallei (LDC-, ODC-, ADH+, ONPG-) and Agrobacterium sp (urease+, LDC-, ODC-, absence of exoenzymes and use of citrate and malonate). An original classification in 8 biovars (characteristics used : esculine, nitratase, ONPG) permitted epidemiological marking of the strains and a study of their distribution.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Two cases of shoshin beri beri with hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine data.

Two fulminant forms of beri beri ("shoshin beri beri") have been the subject of detailed study; circulating catecholamines reached very high levels. The evolution of hemodynamic parameters after treatment with thiamin is described. One case died and the histological lesions corresponded to those of "chronic congestive beri beri".

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal clearance of creatinine and inulin during dialysis in dogs: effect of splanchnic vasodilators.

The peritoneal clearance of creatinine and inulin during isotonic peritoneal dialysis was studied in dogs before and after the administration of two vasodilators: isoproterenol and glucagon. One-liter exchanges with 15-min dwell times were used. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was recorded with an electromagnetic flow probe and used as an index for total splanchnic flow. Intravenous isoproterenol (2.4 microgram/min) increased blood flow by 88%, but did not alter peritoneal clearance. When isoproterenol was given i.p. (0.5 microgram/ml dialysis fluid), blood flow increased by 81%, and inulin clearance rose by 26.8% (2.06 +/- 0.18 to 2.61 +/- 0.23 ml/min; P less than 0.05). Creatinine clearance increased by 17.5%, from 10.94 +/- 0.32 to 12.85 +/- 0.34 ml/min (P less than 0.05). When blood flow was returned to control levels with a clamp, clearances also returned to control levels. Glucagon given i.p. (1.0 microgram/ml) had no effect on any measured variable. Glucagon given i.v. at 10 microgram/min caused blood flow to rise by 81% and inulin clearance to rise by 25% from 1.88 +/- 0.16 to 2.35 +/- 0.19 ml/min (P less than 0.05). Cp, inulin clearance remained at control levels. Vasodilators seem to exercise two effects in augmenting clearance of small and middle-sized molecules: a direct permeability effect and a blood-flow related effect, possibly in increasing the surface area available for exchange and/or increasing permeability of the capillary endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Detection and significance of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in "Klebsiella", "Enterobacter" and "Serratia" (author's transl)].

A quick colorimetric procedure for detection of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in cultures of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia is described. Only E. aerogenes could decarboxylate histidine (production of histamine). The interest of HDC test for differentiation of E. aerogenes from K. pneumoniae (especially urease negative strains) is discussed.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed1979

[Six new serotypes of "Flavobacterium meningosepticum" (author's transl)].

Six new serotypes (G to L) of Flavobacterium meningosepticum are described herein. Cross-reactions between the 12 serotypes, A to L (including the 6 serotypes A to F of Owen and Lapage, 1974) are described. Sixty-six strains isolated in France (61 from Strasbourg) belong to the following serotypes (with number of strains): A (1), F (4), G (51), H (1), I (1), J (6), K (1) and L (1). Use of meningosepticum serotyping is recommended as an epidemiological tool.

Flavobacterium↗
PubMed1978

Mobilization of ascites in cirrhotic dogs following furosemide or mannitol diuresis.

Mobilization of ascites was studied in 20 anesthetized dogs with experimental cirrhosis following a mannitol- or furosemide-induced diuresis. Observations were made at 2 h following the drug, at which time the diuresis was invariably completed, and repeated at 4 h following a 2-h recovery period, during which the ureters were clamped to prevent further urinary losses. In the furosemide group the mean urinary loss was 459 +/- 6 ml and was accompanied by a decline in central venous pressure and hemoconcentration. At 2 h plasma volume had declined by 14% from control values, but at 4 h plasma replenishment was 99% complete. At this time ascites volume had decreased by 467 ml, acting as the major source for vascular replenishment. In the mannitol group, the average urinary loss was 190 +/- 10 ml and was accompanied by maintenance of venous pressure, lack of hemoconcentration, and hyponatremia. At 2 h plasma volume had expanded from control values by 22%, but at 4 h vascular replenishment was only 78% complete. The average ascites volume had decreased by only 55% of the diuretic loss, and was mobilized by a complex sequence of events involving movement of intracellular water.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Research technics of enzymes used in the diagnosis of gram negative bacteria (author's transl)].

The enzymes used in the identification of Gram negative bacteria belonging to the families of Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, Parvobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and to the genera Alteromonas, Xanthomonas, Alkaligenes, Flavobacterium are classified arbitrarily by the author into enzymes essential for the diagnosis of the family (oxidase, nitratase), enzymes useful in the diagnosis of the genus or the species (ONPG-hydrolase, urease, oxidative desaminase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine, arginine dihydrolase, thiosulphate reductase, pectinase), and into enzymes sought to confirm the diagnosis (tetrathionate reductase, gelatinase, lipase, DNase, amylase, beta-xylosidase, lecithinase). The technics permitting their identification are described and their distribution in the species and genera studied is reported.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Distinctive electrophoretic patterns of Esterases from Levinea malonatica, Levinea amalonatica and Citrobacter.

Esterases of 42 strains of Levinea malonatica, Levinea amalonatica and Citrobacter were analysed by horizontal slab electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-agarosegel using several synthetic substrates. On the basis of esterase zymograms a distinctive pattern was established for each of the three species. Levinea malonatica was characterized by two major bands: one hydrolysing acetate esters but not butyrate esters; and the other hydrolysing alpha-naphthyl acetate and reacting weakly with alpha-naphthyl butyrate and beta-naphthyl acetate. Levinea amalonatica showed one prominent band that hydrolysed alpha-naphthyl esters and reacter weakly with beta-naphthyl esters. Citrobacter strains showed one major band that hydrolysed alpha-naphthyl esters and appeared slightly more towards beta-naphthyl esters than that of L. amalonatica. Considerable variations in electrophoretic mobility were observed among Citrobacter strains. Levinea amalonatica was less variable. In addition, one minor anodal band reacting with beta-naphthyl acetate was observed in both L. malonatica and Citrobacter. The relative molecular sizes of the major esterase bands were determined by disc electrophoresis with gels of different acrylamide concentrations. The molecular size of the major band of Citrobacter appeared to be smaller than that of the corresponding esterase band of L. amalonatica.

Citrobacter↗
PubMed1977

Antinuclear antibody: predictive of lymphocyte response in rheumatoid arthritis.

The phytohemagglutinin induced response of lymphocytes was studied in two groups of rheumatoid patients differing only in the presence or absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The response was found to be depressed in 16 ANA positive and normal in 14 ANA negative patients. Antinuclear antibody screening may serve as a simple method to identify a subgroup of immunodepressed rheumatoid patients who may be potential candidates for immunostimulation therapy.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1977

[Enterobacteria erroneously identified as Salmonella in human faeces (author's transl)].

To differentiate Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter hafniae, Proteus mirabilis and Alteromonas putrefaciens from Salmonella strains isolated in faeces, the author recommends the use of "Hajna-Kligler" medium, "Nitrate-Motility-Mannitol" medium, "Urease-Indole-Trytophane desaminase" medium and glycerol peptonated water. The lysis of Salmonella and E. hafniae strains by specific phages (Felix and Callow O: 1 Salmonella phage; Guinee and Valkenburg Hafnia phage) is emphasized.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1977

[Risk factors in mitral valve replacements].

The authors report 137 isolated mitral valve replacements carried out between 1966 and 1975, with an operative mortality of 13.1%. Certain risk factors are demonstrable:--from the clinical point of view: previous cardiac surgery, 3 or more attacks of cardiac failure, a prolonged preoperatives course, atrial fibrillation, and cardiomegaly on the X ray. The combination of these risk factors is very serious as when three or more risk factors are operative at the same time, the mortality is 40%. Reduced ventricular function preoperatively was an essential factor governing operative mortality; improved results follow earlier indications for surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Outcome of corrected and uncorrected tricuspid insufficiency after repair with prostheses in mitral and mitro-aortic valve diseases. Apropos of 159 cases].

This is a study of 159 patients with tricuspid incompetence (TI) associated with a mitral or mitro-aortic valve defect. The mean age of the patients at operation was 25.5 years. The TI was left untreated in 84, corrected by semi-circular annuloplasty in 39, and corrected by a prothesis in 28, by a Carpentier ring in 6, and by Kay's plasty in 2. The 33 early deaths (21%) are regrettable. The long-term outlook was studied with a mean follow-up period of 26 months. The overall mortality rises, if these are included, to 42 (26%). By comparing the preoperative findings in those with good and poor results, we have been able to identify a certain number of risk factors: a preoperative course of greater than or equal to 6 years, a number of attacks of cardiac failure greater than or equal to 3, a cardiothoracic ratio greater than or equal to 0.70, a mean right atrial pressure greater than 12, a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of greater than or equal to 50. Severe TI is also a poor prognostic factor. If the three groups of patients are compared, bearing in mind the fact that their preoperative state was very similar, and that the TI was either left untreated or repaired by annuloplasty or prosthesis, it appears that such a correction improves neither the surgical mortality nor the long-term prognosis. It therefore seems to us that a functional TI can be treated expectantly since its resolution depends more on the unified treatment of the whole underlying disorder and on the state of the myocardium than on any localised correction of the TI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Long-term outcome of valve prostheses. Apropos of 299 operated patients].

The authors report a series of 299 operated cases betwen 1966 and August 1975. The operative mortality was 16%, usually a result of low output states and arrhytmias. Long-term survival was 74% at 3 years and 64% at 6 years, being better in those with only one valve replacement. The late results were very good taken as a whole. The few poor results were associated especially with a degenerating myocardium. The mitral group were favoured with a better 5 year survival rate and by clinically, and above all haemodynamically severe tricuspid incompetence. Thromboembolic complications, which are a major hazard, were favoured by irregular and inadequate anticoagulant therapy. In patients under 20 it would seem possible to stop after 6 months' effective treatment. Children have had generally better results than adults, probably because of the better state of their myocardium.

Adolescent↗