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Biomedical subjects

C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to C Martin.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Trepanation of the labyrinth and congenital malformations].

Labyrinthine trepanation was performed in the majority of 16 patients with minor agenesis of middle ear involving either stapedovestibular ankylosis or absence of fenestra vestibuli. Preoperative findings are discussed, as well as the prevention and treatment of labyrinthine geysers and the possibility of obtaining a functioning labyrinthine opening. Results were good in simple cases but poorer in more complex lesions, for which the indication for use of this procedure is debatable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Improvement of the tolerance of prolonged catheterization of radial artery].

The incidence of thrombosis of the radial artery after long-term cannulation was evaluated in 84 patients randomly divided into two matched groups: polyethylene catheters were used in group A for a mean period of 9 +/- 1 days, and teflon catheters were used in group B for a mean period of 11 +/- 1 days. Thrombosis was diagnosed by bedside arteriography. Its incidence was 79% in group A and 9% only in group B. (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that the safety of radial artery cannulation is increased by using short teflon catheters.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Tonic depolarization of excitatory nerve terminals in crayfish muscle by high concentrations of extracellular potassium.

At voltage-clamped fibres of the claw opener muscle of small crayfish, spontaneous quantal release of excitatory transmitter elicited by raising extracellular K+ to 100 mM was investigated. On application of the high K+ concentration, the rates of quantal release increased to n = 10,000-25,000 quanta/s within 10 s, and thereafter declined exponentially, either with a single (tau congruent to 15-40 s) or with two (tau 1 congruent to 15-40 s, tau 2 greater than 70 s) time constants. The total number of quanta released per trial ranged from s = 200,000 to 800,000 quanta. The results were derived by means of the fluctuation analysis technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Molecular analysis of instability in flower pigmentation of Antirrhinum majus, following isolation of the pallida locus by transposon tagging.

The pal locus of Antirrhinum majus was cloned using the transposable element, Tam 3, as a probe. The pal clone was used to examine, at the molecular level, those aspects of instability previously observed phenotypically and genetically. The effects of temperature and of genetic background on excision of the element at pal are considered, and related quantitatively to the phenotype. We describe the identification of the transcript of the pal locus and show that insertion of Tam 3 blocks the production of a normal pal transcript in developing flower buds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Acute fatal hepatorenal failure during treatment with mithramycin].

A case of fatal hepato-renal failure occurring during mithramycin treatment is reported. A 64 year-old female patient was admitted to hospital in a state of acute renal failure. She also presented with hypercalcaemia and bilateral pulmonary metastases. She had been operated on 10 years previously of a parathyroid cancer. Despite treatment with mithramycin (total dose 8.25 mg) and haemodialysis, the hypercalcaemia returned; it was then decided to remove the secretory lung metastases (parathormone 420 micrograms X ml-1). 48 hours before surgery, the patient was again given 1.25 mg mithramycin. Immediately after surgery, she developed hepatic failure with massive cell destruction and anuria. The patient died 48 h after the operation. The hepatic and renal complications of mithramycin are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1985

[Anomalies of the membrane receptors of blood phagocytic cells in nosocomial pulmonary infections].

Patients in intensive care units have frequent and severe opportunistic bacterial pneumoniae, even if they were previously free from respiratory disease. A search was made in these patients for possible immune deficiencies. Granulocyte and monocyte phagocytic activities were studied separately in 17 patients with bacterial bronchopneumonia (male: 13, female: 4; age: 41 +/- 5 yr). The ability of three types of particles (opsonized zymosan, immunoglobulin coated and glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red cells) to trigger ingestion was measured. Cells were tested either in normal AB serum or in the presence of patient's serum. A substantial 40% decrease of the fraction of granulocytes ingesting zymosan was found in our experimental conditions (p less than 0.001). Activity with the other particles was not significantly altered. Patients' sera were at least as efficient as a pool of normal sera in opsonizing zymosan. Furthermore, no phagocytic inhibitor was found in the patients tested. Underlying mechanisms for these abnormalities remain unknown, but a better understanding of the aetiology of the altered bactericidal function of phagocytic cells is required before suggesting immunomodulating treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Drug-induced agranulocytosis. Discussion of the responsibility of metronidazole].

A case of severe agranulocytosis is reported in a 43 year old white male with Guillain-Barré syndrome. This patient was treated for an acute aspiration pneumonia and received several antibiotic regimens. An acute agranulocytosis occurred during the stay in the intensive care unit and was followed by a severe septic shock. Bone marrow aplasia was confirmed by needle aspiration. Metronidazole was withdrawn and agranulocytosis improved within three days. None of the other drugs given to the patient were withdrawn. Another bone marrow examination performed several days later revealed a markedly improved granulopoiesis. The patient died with multiple organ failure. The role of metronidazole is discussed in this case as this drug seemed highly responsible for the observed agranulocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Postoperative herpetic encephalitis. Value of Klapper's diagnostic method].

A case of a 51 year old female with herpes encephalitis is reported. She underwent surgery for chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation. On the third postoperative day, she developed a severe vesicular nasolabial eruption associated with a deep stupor. Anti-Herpes simplex viral (HSV) antibodies were found in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Klapper's anti-HSV antibody ratio was calculated and agreed with the hypothesis of herpes encephalitis. The patient was given nucleoside analogues. She rapidly improved and was discharged from the intensive care unit without any sequelae. The frequency of HSV infection in intensive care patients and the use of Klapper's index for the diagnosis of herpes encephalitis in these patients are then discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Antiarrhythmic effect of regional myocardial chemical sympathectomy in the early phase of coronary artery occlusion in dogs.

To investigate the importance of local noradrenaline (NA) release in initiating early ventricular extrasystoles (VES) and primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) after acute myocardial ischemia, a special form of regional myocardial chemical sympathectomy (RMCS) has been performed in dogs. After RMCS the tissue content of NA within the denervated region was reduced below 1.5% of normal, whereas the residual myocardium retained its functional state almost unchanged. After acute left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion (30 min), all control animals with normal circumflex circulation and without functionally effective collaterals died of VF. In contrast, after RMCS none of the dogs had VF and very few had VES. After RMCS the rise in myocardial extracellular K+ activity ([K+]e) during coronary occlusion is slightly slower, but the same [K+]e are reached at 8 min of occlusion. Therefore, the effect of RMCS cannot be explained by changes in myocardial K+ liberation. These results, obtained from RMCS experiments, are supported by the preliminary results of experiments using a special perfusion technique to wash out blood from the acutely occluded myocardial region, and show an ischemia-induced raise of the locally released NA in the early arrhythmic phase 1a with a further increase in phase 1b.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Central venous and pulmonary artery catheterizations via the axillary vein.

We report the results of over 300 central venous and pulmonary artery catheterizations via the axillary vein. We found that the success rate with this method compares well with those of other catheterization routes, whilst the risk of mechanical injury, even for artificially ventilated patients, was virtually eliminated.

Axillary Vein↗
PubMed1985

A novel method to bursectomize avian embryos and obtain quail----chick bursal chimeras. I. Immunocytochemical analysis of such chimeras by using species-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Chick embryos were bursectomized at 5 days of incubation according to a novel surgical technique described in this article. This method yields birds that are able to hatch and are devoid of the physiologic deficiencies resulting from the previously used method, which involved resection of the cloacal and posterior embryonic region. The bursectomized embryos were grafted in situ with a quail bursa of the same age, which thereafter became chimeric through chick host hemopoietic cell invasion. By means of species-specific antibodies, the chimeric condition revealed 1) that the bursal epithelium expresses a unique antigenic determinant (MB1 determinant), until now considered to be an exclusive feature of blood vessel endothelium and hemopoietic cells, and 2) that this determinant appears in bursal epithelium at the time and site of hemopoietic cell invasion. The other point arising from this work concerns the apparent constitutive Ia expression by perifollicular blood capillary endothelial cells in normal and chimeric bursas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Possible embryofetopathy caused by beta-blocker (sotalol) taken throughout the pregnancy].

The authors envisage the hypothesis of an embryofetal intoxication by a beta-blocker (B-), sotalol, taken by the mother, not hypertensive, during all her pregnancy (160 mg/day). The fullterm newborn, hypotrophic and hypothermic, is suffering from facial dysmorphy with microcephaly, and present a severe tracheal stenosis associated with cardiopathy and important rhythm disorders: bradycardia and permanent bigeminate ventricular extrasystoles for three days. Course is fatal at five months old. On the occasion of this probable intoxication, a brief recall about pharmacology and physiopathology of transplacental passage of B- during pregnancy is done. Then, are enumerated the experimental repercussion of B blockers and their more often theoretical than real undesirable effects, on the fetus. Sotalol is possibly a B-specially aggressive, when it is prescribed abusively, on account of its excellent diffusibility and of its high tissular impregnation.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacokinetics of apalcillin in pediatrics].

Apalcillin is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillin which is particularly active against Pseudomonas. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out after slow (3 mn) intravenous administration of a single dose of 20 or 30 mg/kg in five categories of infants: premature, dysmature, full term newborn up to 8 days of age, infant aged 8 days to 1 month and infant beyond 1 month. Elimination half-lives in these five groups are respectively: 6.83, 5.44, 5.01, 2.28 and 1.28 hours. A decrease in elimination half-life and increase in total clearance are observed as the infant matures. Renal clearance represents a quarter of total clearance suggesting than there is considerable extrarenal clearance. Pharmacokinetic findings beyond one month of age are comparable to those demonstrated in adults. The dysmature infant is characterized by a significantly lower steady-state distribution volume (p less than or equal to 0.025) as compared to the full term neonate. From these results the recommended dosage is: 20 mg/kg twice daily for premature, dysmature and full term neonates up to 8 days, 30 mg/kg twice daily for infants from 8 days to one month of age, and 30 mg/kg three or four times a day for infants above one month of age.

Aging↗