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Biomedical subjects

C Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to C Jenkins.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Health, fitness, physical activity, and morbidity of middle aged male factory workers. I.

A description of the fitness, physical activity of lifestyle, and some aspects of health status and attitudes in a population of male factory workers aged 35-60 is presented as the first part of a report on a study of morbidity in this population. A total of 1394 subjects were included, undergoing medical examination, fitness testing by bicycle ergometry, assessment of body fat, and interview questionnaire. The inter-relation of fitness, body composition, habitual exertion, health risk factors, and attitudes to exercise are discussed. Fitness levels are compared with those reported in other studies and discussed in terms of capacity for walking and running and in relation to criteria for health benefit. In these two latter respects fitness appears to be inadequate among the great majority of those tested, although it is comparable with that reported by several other recent studies. Fitness is associated with physical activity of leisure but not that of work. Only relatively strenuous physical activity in leisure time appears to be related to fitness, and is only participated in by some 28% of the sample. Cycling has the strongest association with fitness of all the physical activity variables. Blood pressure and percentage body fat are also associated, inversely, with fitness, the latter not unexpectedly because of the weight related measure of fitness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The role of alpha and beta adrenoceptors in airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine.

The effect of a specific alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was compared to a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, in 16 subjects with nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness whose PC20H ranged from 0.10 to 5.12 mg/ml. PC20H was calculated from a histamine inhalation test performed before and after 0.5 mg of prazosin by dry powder inhalation and 200 mcg of salbutamol by pressurized aerosol. PC20H was also measured in six subjects before and after placebo (20 mg lactose) by dry powder inhalation in a randomized double-blind study with prazosin. Mean (+/- SE) PC20H before and after placebo was 1.77 (0.32) and 1.57 (0.38) mg/ml, respectively, an 0.89-fold change. Mean (+/- SE) PC20H before and after prazosin for the 16 subjects was 1.92 (0.34) and 3.10 (0.72) mg/ml, a 1.51-fold change (p less than 0.001), and PC20H before and after salbutamol was 2.08 (0.33) and 9.54 (2.51) mg/ml, a 4.08-fold change (p less than 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the prazosin and salbutamol responses (r = 0.55, p less than 0.05). A dose response for salbutamol was performed in eight subjects, and PC20H was determined by use of increasing doses of salbutamol until PC20H was more than 16 mg/ml. The dose of salbutamol required varied widely between subjects and did not relate to baseline PC20H. The results suggest a role for alpha-adrenoceptors in addition to beta-adrenoceptors in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A method for eliciting beliefs about food and child feeding in Papua New Guinea: the MACHIK Interview.

A large proportion of Papua New Guinean children exhibit growth retardation early in the first year of life despite continued breastfeeding. Numerous investigators have suggested that traditional concepts and practices concerned with the introduction of solid foods are responsible for the observed poor growth. While there is recently some evidence to support this idea in one coastal population, the hypothesis warrants empirical testing. It is suggested that food taboos and other concepts and behaviours related to feeding children be carefully described and, if possible, quantified as a function of age, thereby linking behaviour to growth curves in a testable manner. A directed interview, derived from extended ethnographic research in community foodways and known as the Maternal and Child Health Indigenous Knowledge, or MACHIK Interview has been developed for use in Papua New Guinea societies. In this paper a short form designed specifically for gathering information on beliefs about child feeding is presented. Annotations to the questions are included to enable use by those having little experience or training in ethnographic methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tooth attrition and continuing eruption in a Romano-British population.

Cement-enamel junction to alveolar crest (CEJ-AC) distances were measured in Romano-British skulls. Measurements were also made of attrition patterns. The patterns of the two measurements were similar in each group, suggesting that teeth continued to erupt and CEJ-AC alone is misleading as a measurement of bone loss and may not relate to the extent of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Estimated bone loss was minimal, confirming that measurements of this nature on dried skulls should only be related to periodontal conditions with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary cryptococcosis: atypical results in the serum test for cryptococcal antigen.

Two cases of pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans are reported. In both patients the cryptococcal antigen titres remained positive following initiation of effective therapy, and despite clinical evidence of resolution of disease. The possible causes for these findings are discussed and it is suggested why this atypical serological response does not necessarily indicate dissemination or active infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Temperature-sensitive mutants of equine arteritis virus.

Seventeen temperature-sensitive mutants of equine arteritis virus, a nonarthropod-borne togavirus, have been isolated. 5-Fluorouracil, o-methylhydroxylamine and ethyl methanesulphonate were used as mutagens. The mutants were characterized by their ability to synthesize virus RNA and virus proteins at the permissive (35 degrees C) and restrictive temperature (40 degrees C) using autoradiography of cells labelled with 3H-uridine in the presence of actinomycin D and immunofluorescence respectively. Among the mutants, four were unable to synthesize virus RNA and virus proteins at 40 degrees C (RNA-/protein-). The other mutants were RNA-/protein+ (3); RNA +/-/protein- (2); RNA+/protein+ (6) and RNA+/protein- (1).

Equartevirus↗