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Biomedical subjects

C Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to C Jenkins.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Periocular migration of an intraocular lens.

A woman presented with a painful eye 6 weeks after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. In the past she had had a sector iridectomy for iris bombé caused by chronic anterior uveitis. On examination the three central corneal sutures were absent, whilst the medial and lateral sutures had broken and were protruding from the section. The eye was quiet and the section intact. Combined clinical and ultrasound examination failed to locate the intraocular lens. Four months postoperatively, while being fitted for contact lenses for the correction of aphakia, the intraocular lens appeared from the superior fornix.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗
PubMed1991

Effect of hyperthermia on normal tissue toxicity and on adriamycin pharmacokinetics in dogs.

This study examined the effects of Adriamycin (ADR) (30 mg/m2), whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) (42 degrees C for 1 h), and the combination of the two (ADR plus WBH) on gastrointestinal and hematopoietic toxicity and the effects of WBH on ADR pharmacokinetics in the normal dog (n = 5/treatment group). Duodenal biopsies were collected from animals in each group via endoscopy and were incubated in the presence of [3H]thymidine as an index of cell turnover. Additional duodenal biopsies were assayed for the enzymes gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Complete blood chemistry profiles and differential blood cell counts were done prior to and following treatment. Cell turnover was most depressed 3 days after ADR or ADR plus WBH; WBH alone had little effect on cell turnover. Neither gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, nor succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly altered by any of the treatment protocols. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify Adriamycin and adriamycinol in samples collected up to 6 h after drug administration. Duodenal biopsies were collected immediately and 1 h after drug administration for measurement of tissue concentrations of Adriamycin. A significant increase in the apparent volume of distribution and whole-body clearance and decrease in area under the plasma Adriamycin concentration versus time curve occurred when drug was administered concurrently with WBH. This differs from results reported in some other mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

In vivo and in vitro studies into the immunological changes following iodine 131 therapy for Graves' disease.

Radio-iodine therapy for Graves' disease is followed by immunological changes in addition to effects on thyroid hormone production. The present study examined these changes and the mechanisms responsible for them. Of the 15 patients enrolled in the study, 10 became hypothyroid in the first year after iodine 131 therapy. Patients who became hypothyroid had a tendency to show a rise in serum thyrotropin receptor antibody levels (30 +/- 14 to 40 +/- 9 units; NS) and a significant rise in immunoglobulin production (324 +/- 153 to 740 +/- 200 ng/ml; P less than 0.0005) from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (a measure of B-cell activity) 2 months after iodine 131 therapy. The increases were not seen in the patients who remained euthyroid at 1 year. In vitro studies suggested that the rise in B-cell activity is due to a fall in suppressor T cell numbers, a change shown to occur following iodine 131 therapy in previous studies. Our results indicate that immunological changes do arise after iodine 131 therapy for Graves' disease but appear to be confined to patients who subsequently became hypothyroid. It is not possible from this study to determine whether the immunological changes appear as a consequence of thyroidal destruction leading to hypothyroidism or whether they contribute directly to it.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1991

Rapid metabolic failure in spontaneously hypertensive rats after middle cerebral artery ligation.

The metabolic characteristics of the penumbral region were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats one hour after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The effect of hyperglycemia on this region was examined by providing a glucose load prior to occlusion. The depressed concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and elevated levels of lactate in the penumbral region were similar to those found in the ischemic focus. The purported neuroprotective effect of hyperglycemia in the penumbral region was not reflected in an increased high-energy phosphate level in the penumbral region. The rapid deterioration of the metabolic status of this region in this strain of rat suggests that the increased consistency of infarction may come at the expense of the penumbral region, and thus this model may not be well suited for the study of metabolic changes and perhaps even therapeutic intervention.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

The effect of lithium therapy on parameters thought to be involved in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.

This study has considered the effects of primary affective disorders and lithium therapy on a number of factors thought to be important in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. These factors were examined in (a) controls with no history of any such disorders; (b) patients with primary affective disorders treated with drugs other than lithium and (c) patients with primary affective disorders treated with lithium alone. Eight of 40 patients who were receiving lithium therapy were found to be positive for thyroid microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibodies, compared to only 3/40 patients who were receiving some other form of treatment for their depression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients receiving lithium were found to have significantly reduced numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (P less than 0.05). In addition, suppressor T cells from these patients showed a significantly reduced response to stimulation with concanavalin A (P less than 0.01). These effects were greatest in patients found to be antibody positive. Increased B cell activity, as measured by increased IgG and IgM release following mitogen stimulation, was seen in patients receiving lithium and in those patients receiving other forms of treatment for their depression. This would suggest that the increase is a feature of primary affective disorders and is not due specifically to lithium treatment. It would appear from this study that lithium therapy induces antibody formation in susceptible individuals and this may ultimately lead to the development of thyroid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Three strategies to promote cancer screening. How feasible is wide-scale implementation?

Many studies have tested the efficacy of intervention strategies for improving physicians' performance of cancer screening tests. Less attention has been paid to the feasibility of strategy implementation. Three important dimensions of feasibility are acceptability to the targeted audience, logistical difficulties, and cost and cost-effectiveness. We assessed the relative feasibility along these dimensions of three intervention strategies shown previously to be efficacious among 62 internal medicine resident physicians. Two strategies, medical record audit with feedback and computerized cancer screening reminders were aimed at physicians directly, and one, patient education, indirectly through their patients. While all three interventions were acceptable to the physicians, implementation of the audit with feedback intervention was logistically more difficult and more costly than either the cancer screening reminders or patient education interventions. The average cost per additional screening test (beyond the number that would have been performed without intervention) was $50.40 for audit with feedback, $18.19 for cancer screening reminders, and $51.20 for patient education. Overall, the cancer screening reminder intervention was the most feasible of the three strategies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Serum thyroglobulin--its measurement and clinical use.

Radioimmunoassays (RIA) have been shown to be unreliable in measuring serum thyroglobulin levels in patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies. The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly to compare the abilities of two immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), one commercially available, the other an 'in house' assay, with a conventional RIA. In addition the prognostic value of serum thyroglobulin levels in patients likely to relapse following a course of antithyroid drugs for Graves' disease was examined. The results obtained showed both of the IRMA methods to be unaffected by the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies. Serum thyroglobulin levels were found to be poor predictors of relapse or remission following a 12 month course of antithyroid drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Visual superiority effect in televised prevention of victimization programs for preschool children.

Preschool children have been reported to remember more visual than auditory content from television programs. 80 preschool children were randomly assigned to conditions where visual or auditory components of a televised program on personal safety were manipulated. Visually modeled actions were slightly more salient for preschool-age children than actions represented auditorily. The combination of visual and auditory input provided the superior educational method.

Attention↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenetic studies of two recently contacted populations from Papua New Guinea.

We have examined the HLA profiles of the Hagahai and the Haruai people, two linguistic groups in the remote western Schrader mountains who have only recently had administrative contact, and compared them with those of other populations in Papua New Guinea. None of the antigens detected in the two groups was found missing in other populations although significant differences in allele frequencies exist. Recent contact history does not appear to have played any significant role in shaping these differences. Similarly, no evidence of differential selection pressures contributing to HLA heterogeneity was found. The genetic profiles of the Hagahai and the Haruai appear to be a result of recent admixture between unrelated, genetically disparate groups.

Culture↗
PubMed1989

Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and other nasal bacteria among children in remote areas of the fringe highlands of Papua New Guinea.

The nasal bacteriology of children in two areas of the western Schrader Range was studied. One area, served by an aid post since 1976, was compared with the other, which received its first medical care in 1984. Significant differences in the amount of resistance to penicillin were found, but not in the direction expected. These anomalous findings are interpreted in light of the particular histories of the groups involved, suggesting the transmission of resistant strains through contact among children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Aerosol and oral corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma.

The cause of asthma is unknown. However, it is now thought that the major abnormality is an underlying inflammation of the airway wall which persists, to some extent, between attacks. This inflammation manifests itself as bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) which can be measured by inhalation tests from which dose response curves are derived. Using aerosol and oral forms of corticosteroid drugs in a group of asthmatics it was found that the aerosol form of the drugs reduced the severity of BHR, while the oral drugs had little or no effect. These findings suggest that superficial structures in the airways, perhaps the epithelial cells, are important in mediating BHR in patients with asthma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Early prediction of hypothyroidism following 131I treatment for Graves' disease.

The aim of this study was twofold. Firstly to assess the post treatment predictive value of various biochemical and immunological tests for early hypothyroidism after 131I therapy for Graves' disease, and secondly to determine whether or not pretreatment with Carbimazole protects against post treatment hypothyroidism. The early changes observed in serum T3, T4, TSH, thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody levels were found to be of no predictive value. A sharp rise, around 2 months, in TRAb levels following 131I therapy indicated that hypothyroidism was likely to occur. This rise was thought to reflect a greater degree of thyroid damage. Lower levels of thyroglobulin in patients who had become hypothyroid by 12 months after treatment would support this view. Five weeks Carbimazole pretreatment in this relatively small group of patients did not appear to protect against hypothyroidism.

Antibodies↗