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Biomedical subjects

C Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to C Jenkins.

144 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Antibacterial activity of cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, compared with that of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cefamandole.

The in vitro activity of cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin derivative, was compared with that of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cefamandole against strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria recently isolated from clinical sources. Cefuroxime showed very similar activity to cefamandole against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and most members of the Enterobacteriaceae. It was more active than cefamandole against gonococci, pneumococci, and most streptococci. Increasing the inoculum size appeared to have less effect on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefuroxime for gram-negative bacilli than has been found with the other cephalosporin derivatives, and minimum bactericidal concentrations of cefuroxime were only marginally greater than minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Pheromonal control of aggressive display in siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).

Male Siamese fighting fish displayed and respirated from the surface more frequently in water containing secretions collected from non-displaying male conspecifics than they did in clean water. Secretions collected from males given the opportunity to display to a mirror for 16, 30, or 45 min. did not affect display activity. However, secretions collected from males allowed to display to a mirror for 16 min. produced an increase in respiration rates. Secretions collected from males which had been stressed by electric shock resulted in decrements in aggressive display. Taken together, results of these experiments suggest that male Siamese fighting fish secrete substances which affect mirror-induced aggression and respiration rates.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of various toxic minerals in spiruline algae of different origins, and evaluation of long-term toxicity in the rat of a lot of spiruline algae of Mexican origin].

A detailed analytical study made on samples of Spirulines algae of various origins showed that these microorganisms may present an important telluric contamination, especially demonstrated by high levels of fluorine and arsenic they contain. A long term animal experimentation has been achieved with Spirula Maxima, obtained from the Sosa Texcoco solar evaporator. A diet contained in total proteins 25 p. 100 of dried atomized algae and was given for 75 weeks to Wistar rats. All along the experiment, the animals submitted to that diet showed no difference with control animals fed with caseine. The increase in weight was comparable for control animals and male experimented animals; a slight decrease in weight has been observed for females fed with algae up to the 30th week. At the end of the experiment, a normal frequency of tumours was noted on experimented animals. The cumulative potentiality of certain mineral toxicants, has been evaluated, when abnormal high levels of them have been detected in the Spirulines samples. The fed animals have been killed at definite times all along the experiment and the metals dosed in the body. Such a cumulative potency has been demonstrated for arsenic. On the contrary, in the case of fluorine, even particular dosages in the femoral bone could not show any significant cumulation of that toxicant, comparing with control animals. In conclusion, the authors have not noted any evident toxicity related to the samples of Spirulines tested in rats, whatever these algae were the only source of proteins in the diet. They hope anyway that the exact origin of contamination of these algaes by these metals will be better known to prevent the variations in the composition of industrial samples of Spirulines according to these metals for instance.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Antibacterial activity of cefamandole, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, compared with that of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cephalexin.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefamandole, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was compared with that of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cephalexin against 1,213 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria recently isolated from clinical sources. The decreasing order of activity of the four agents against gram-positive cocci was cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefamandole, and cephalexin. However, cefamandole was the most active of the four against Haemophilus species and gram-negative bacilli susceptible to cephalosporins. It was also active against many strains resistant to the other cephalosporins, such as Enterobacter species and indole-positive Proteus species, but there was a marked inoculum effect with all of these organisms, and minimal bactericidal concentrations were usually considerably higher than minimal inhibitory concentrations. Cefamandole, like other cephalosporins, had no useful activity against Pseudomonas species.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using spinal cord stimulation to manage angina pain.

An implanted electrode that delivers low-voltage electrical current to the spinal cord appears to be effective in reducing angina symptoms and improving quality of life in patients who are not candidates for bypass surgery. This article describes the technology and which patients can benefit from it.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies in family-oriented crisis intervention with hemodialysis patients.

This article describes a family-oriented crisis intervention approach to help patients with chronic renal failure adjust to the unique demands of home dialysis. In particular, home dialysis necessitates a working patient-dialysis partner relationship that has very adaptive problem solving skills. A couple whose permorbid relationship is dysfunctional will soon manifest this under the stress of home dialysis. The family-oriented therapist initiates only the minimal change necessary in the relationship to achieve successful dialysis. In the home training stage the premorbidly dysfunctional couple seems best treated in individual interviews, whereas premorbidly functional couples respond more favorably to conjoint interviews which capitalize on their underlying strengths. Couples in crisis who are dialyzing at home may require a highly structured, behaviorally-oriented contractual approach which includes all relevant family members. This "band-aid" approach temporarily reinstitutes successful dialysis while purchasing more time for the couple to develop new coping mechanisms. Finally, four case studies are presented, including one in which crisis intervention efforts failed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of lymphatic filariasis in a hunter-gatherer group in Madang Province.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) has been successfully administered to millions of people in established villages and towns, but little or no information exists on the use of this drug to control lymphatic filariasis in isolated seminomadic groups. We have studied the impact of biannual single-dose mass treatment to control filariasis in the Hagahai, an isolated hunter-gatherer, shifting horticulturist group in the fringe highlands of Papua New Guinea. Despite low treatment coverage, 6 mass treatment rounds significantly reduced the overall prevalence of infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, by antigen detection assay, from 55% before treatment to 34% after treatment. Obstructive filarial disease in the form of elephantiasis or hydrocele was not observed among the indigenous population. Anopheles species accounted for 91% of human-biting mosquitoes collected in the area. A total of 1126 mosquitoes were caught and dissected individually but none was infected with third-stage larvae (L3). Our findings support the phenomenon of facilitation, which predicts that Anopheles-transmitted lymphatic filariasis can be interrupted by mass chemotherapy alone in areas of low vector density and low transmission intensity as observed in the Hagahai.

Diethylcarbamazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a breast cancer screening program for Chinese-American women.

The Chinese, like other minority groups, often underuse cancer screening services because of language, cultural, and economic barriers. Nonattendance reduces the probability that cancer will be detected in its earliest and often most curable form. To improve use of cancer screening services among Chinese-Americans, a community-based coalition organized a one-day demonstration cancer awareness and screening program--the Breast Cancer Screening Day for Chinese Women. More than 100 women, many of whom did not speak English, attended the program. Six abnormal mammograms required follow-up and one breast cancer was detected. The planning process used to develop this successful project is described as are suggestions to improve future screening programs for ethnic minorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A neuroanatomical analysis of lid-eye coordination in cases of ptosis and downgaze paralysis.

Ptosis and downgaze paralysis, in a case of vascular insufficiency, were the result of a specific loss of levator palpebrae (LP) motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus, and a partial cell loss in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (riMLF), respectively. In a previous case with similar symptoms there was a comparable riMLF cell loss, but some LP motoneurons were spared; in addition there was destruction of a cell group on the mesencephalic midline, which projects to all motoneurons involved in upward eye movements including LP. This cell group is called the M-group in the monkey. The M-group was intact in the present, but not in the previous case, which may have contributed to the ptosis and to the loss of upward ocular pursuit in the latter. The results show that there is more than one premotor cell group responsible for upward eye movements in the rostral mesencephalon.

Aged↗